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How the Italian Formula 1 Grand Prix 2022 Mass Gathering Event Compares to the Arbon Model: A Descriptive Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e468. [PMID: 37477015 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the health-care resources implemented during the Italian Formula 1 Grand Prix (F1GP) and to calculate the patient presentation rate (PPR) based on both real data and a prediction model. METHODS Observational and descriptive study conducted from September 9 to September 11, 2022, during the Italian F1GP hosted in Monza (Italy). Maurer's formula was applied to decide the number and type of health resources to be allocated. Patient presentation rate (PPR) was computed based on real data (PPR_real) and based on the Arbon formula (PPR_est). RESULTS Of 336,000 attendees, n = 263 requested medical assistance with most of them receiving treatment at the advanced medical post, and n = 16 needing transport to the hospital. The PPR_real was 51 for Friday, 78 for Saturday, 134 for Sunday, and 263 when considering the whole event as a single event. The PPR_est resulted in 85 for Friday, 93 for Saturday, 97 for Sunday, and 221 for the total population. CONCLUSIONS A careful organization of health-care resources could mitigate the impact of the Italian F1GP on local hospital facilities. The Arbon formula is an acceptable model to predict and estimate the number of patients requesting medical assistance, but further investigation needs to be conducted to implement the model and tailor it to broader categories of MGE.
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Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720) and the modern cardiovascular physiology. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2021; 45:154-159. [PMID: 33661047 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00218.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720) was one of the most important Italian physicians of the modern age. Orphaned of his mother, he spent his early years in the city of Orvieto; when he was 12, his father brought him back to Rome and enrolled him to study medicine at the Sapienza University in Rome. His dedication to study and work soon led him to increasingly important positions. Within a few years, the fame of Lancisi became such that he was appointed the personal physician of three popes. In De Subitaneis Mortibus (1707), he described the pathophysiology of heart diseases, identifying the cause of sudden deaths in structural anomalies of the heart, lungs, and brain. He also wrote about cerebral localizations and first discussed the physiological mechanisms of urine formation and excretion. In 1717, Lancisi described the pathogenesis of malaria and the close correlation between its onset and the swampy waters of the Tiber River, proposing the draining of marshes to eradicate malaria. In the posthumous De Motu Cordis et Aneurysmatibus (1728) he described for the first time heart dilatation and aneurysms of the great vessels, providing a fundamental contribution to the history of cardiovascular physiology. Proof of his interest in medical education is the establishment of an academy and the donation of a library to the hospital, bridging the gap between theory and practice in medical training. Over the centuries, Lancisi's memory has faded, but his work is still relevant for anyone practicing the medical profession.
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At the origin of "Endocrinology and Art": Woman's Head (third century BCE). J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1673-1674. [PMID: 32909177 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In 1911, the Danish physician Hans Christian Gram (1853-1938) sustained to have found signs of hyperthyroidism in a marble head of a Roman woman that he observed in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen. It could be one of the first examples of a clinical diagnosis of an endocrine disease in an ancient statue.
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Abstract
The spleen is a lymphoid organ that has been poorly studied compared to other solid organs, probably because it has been considered a useless and unnecessary part of the body. For many centuries it has been considered a mysterious organ with uncertain functions. The first descriptions of the spleen date back to ancient ages. The spleen has been considered as a reservoir of liquids, strictly linked to stomach digestion, and in different cultures, it has been linked to melancholy and sadness due to the accumulation of black bile (humoral doctrine). A detailed anatomic description was first made by Vesalius during the Renaissance, and further implemented with the description of its microscopic structure by Marcello Malpighi in the seventeenth century. The first case reports regarding spleen functions and pathology regarded common causes of splenomegaly, such as malaria infection, and traumatic rupture. At the beginning of the last century, the pivotal concepts of hypo- and hypersplenism were introduced, along with the cumulating evidence of the relation between spleen removal and increased susceptibility to infections and thromboembolism. The study of hyposplenic states, which occur much more commonly than originally thought in many immune-mediated disorders, has rapidly increased after the validation of a simple method for assessing spleen function, namely pitted red cell count. In recent years, spleen morphology, in particular spleen stiffness, has been proposed as a marker of portal hypertension. In this paper, we retrace the fundamental steps of the discovery of the functions of the spleen.
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Diffusion-driven and size-dependent phase changes of gallium oxide nanocrystals in a glassy host. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:5141-50. [PMID: 25599651 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase transformations at the nanoscale represent a challenging field of research, mainly in the case of nanocrystals (NCs) in a solid host, with size-effects and interactions with the matrix. Here we report the study of the structural evolution of γ-Ga2O3 NCs in alkali-germanosilicate glass - a technologically relevant system for its light emission and UV-to-visible conversion - showing an evolution drastically different from the expected transformation of γ-Ga2O3 into β-Ga2O3. Differential scanning calorimetry registers an irreversible endothermic process at ∼1300 K, well above the exothermic peak of γ-Ga2O3 nano-crystallization (∼960 K) and below the melting temperature (∼1620 K). Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction data clarify that glass-embedded γ-Ga2O3 NCs transform into LiGa5O8via diffusion-driven kinetics of Li incorporation into NCs. At the endothermic peak, β-Ga2O3 forms from LiGa5O8 dissociation, following a nucleation-limited kinetics promoted by size-dependent order-disorder change between LiGa5O8 polymorphs. As a result of the changes, modifications of UV-excited NC light emission are registered, with potential interest for applications.
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Abstract
Abstract
Magnetic measurements were carried out on different samples of Lithium-Manganese spinel LiMn2O4 , great care having been taken to avoid the presence of spurious magnetic phases, such as Mn3O4 . Susceptibility data, showing deviations from paramagnetic behaviour at about 40 K, were analyzed in terms of local magnetic interactions, taking into account the structural and transport properties of these com-pounds. The magnetic response of pure and stoichiometric samples suggests that the onset of a longrange magnetic ordering is hindered by the topological frustration of the antiferromagnetic octahedral sublattice of the spinel.
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Erratum: “Structure of Low-Silica Glasses in the K2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 System”. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579513070038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Broadband infrared light-emitting patterns in optical glass by laser-induced nanostructuring of NiO-doped alkali-gallium germanosilicates. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:492-494. [PMID: 23455113 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show functionalization of NiO-doped 7.5Li(2)O·2.5Na(2)O·20Ga(2)O(3)·35SiO(2)·35GeO(2) glass by space-selective nanocrystallization via exposure to the focused beam of a pulsed copper vapor laser (510.6 and 578.2 nm) at temperature close to the glass transition point (570°C). Irradiated areas drastically change their color, caused by electronic transitions of Ni(2+) dopant ions, without any alteration of the optical quality. Importantly, irradiated regions acquire broadband infrared luminescence (centered at about 1400 nm and possessing 400 nm effective bandwidth) typical of Ni(2+) ions in crystalline environment, and by positive change of refractive index (more than 10(-3)). Spectroscopic and diffractometric data of the irradiated regions indeed resemble those previously observed in thermally nanocrystallized glass, with Ni(2+) ions embedded in γ-Ga(2)O(3) nanocrystals. The results demonstrate the possibility of laser writing nanocrystallized multifunction patterns in germanosilicate glasses for the fabrication of active integrated devices.
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Structure of low-silica glasses in the K2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 system. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579513010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Production of potassium niobate ceramics from glass. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500812110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Composites based on aluminosilicate glass ceramics: Synthesis and properties. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500812100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Structure formation in porous calcium phosphate systems. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500812040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nickel-assisted growth and selective doping of spinel-like gallium oxide nanocrystals in germano-silicate glasses for infrared broadband light emission. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:015708. [PMID: 22155977 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/1/015708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The target of taking advantage of the near-infrared light-emission properties of nickel ions in crystals for the design of novel broadband optical amplifiers requires the identification of suitable nanostructured glasses able to embed Ni-doped nanocrystals and to preserve the workability of a glass. Here we show that Ni doping of Li(2)O-Na(2)O-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)-SiO(2) glass (with composition 7.5:2.5:20:35:35 and melting temperature 1480 °C, sensibly lower than in Ge-free silicates) enables the selective embedding of nickel ions in thermally grown nanocrystals of spinel-like gallium oxide. The analysis of transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction data as a function of Ni-content (from 0.01 to 1 mol%) indicates that Ni ions promote the nanophase crystallization without affecting nanoparticle size (~6 nm) and concentration (~4 × 10(18) cm(-3)). Importantly, as shown by optical absorption spectra, all nickel ions enter into the nanophase, with a number of ions per nanocrystal that depends on the nanocrystal concentration and ranges from 1 to 10(2). Photoluminescence data indicate that fast non-radiative decay processes become relevant only at mean ion-ion distances shorter than 1.4 nm, which enables the incorporation of a few Ni ions per nanoparticle without too large a worsening of the light-emission efficiency. Indeed, at 0.1 mol% nickel, the room temperature quantum yield is 9%, with an effective bandwidth of 320 nm.
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Growth of SnO(2) nanocrystals controlled by erbium doping in silica. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:4031-4036. [PMID: 21727533 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of erbium doping on SnO(2) nanoclustering in Sn-doped silica. Vibrational spectroscopy data from Raman and infrared absorption measurements show nanostructuring effects on the SnO(2) nanophase. Ultraviolet absorption spectra evidence a gap shift ascribable to size-dependent quantum confinement, also suggesting a role of erbium doping in determining cluster sizes and the amount of localized states on the nanophase boundary. Transmission electron microscopy confirms and details the spectroscopic data. As a result of these measurements, we find that the nanocrystal size distribution becomes narrower, increasing the erbium concentration, while the density of localized states at the nanocrystal surface decreases. The distribution of erbium ions among the possible environments is then examined through simultaneous spectroscopy of luminescence excited by nanocrystal-to-erbium energy transfer and the absorption of nanocrystal luminescence by erbium ions. This analysis shows that erbium behaves as an extrinsic nucleation centre of the SnO(2) nanophase at low doping levels, whereas at high concentrations it modifies the matrix, hindering the growth of SnO(2) crystals and passivating the interface.
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Photorefractivity in nanostructured tin-silicate glass ceramics: a radiation-induced nanocluster size effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:055507. [PMID: 12633373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.055507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining permanent photoinduced refractive index changes, up to -10(-3), in nanostructured silica-based composites has been demonstrated in SiO(2):SnO(2) optical-grade glass ceramics exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance data suggest that the negative refractive index change involves a modification at the surface of the SnO2 nanoclusters, leading to a reduction of their crystalline size.
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Photoinduced conversion of optically active defects in germanium-doped silica. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:16637-16640. [PMID: 9985788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.16637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Cationic and magnetic order in LiNiO2- and NiO-type Li-Ni mixed oxides. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:703-709. [PMID: 9983022 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Photoactivation of hole centers in cubic stabilized zirconia. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:5-8. [PMID: 9981926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Disorder-induced optical and paramagnetic properties in zirconium dioxide: Role of low-symmetry crystal fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:15942-15946. [PMID: 9978573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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EPR evidence of extrinsic symmetry-breaking defects in nominally pure KTaO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:12165-12169. [PMID: 9977985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Trapped-hole centers in neutron-irradiated synthetic quartz. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:9182-9185. [PMID: 10009702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.9182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sevenfold- and sixfold-coordinated Zr3+ ions in cubic stabilized zirconia: Crystal-field approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:6858-6863. [PMID: 9998565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Effects of yttria concentration on the EPR signal in x-ray-irradiated yttria-stabilized zirconia. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:9333-9335. [PMID: 9991434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.9333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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EPR study of electron traps in x-ray-irradiated yttria-stabilized zirconia. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:6518-6522. [PMID: 9991019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Model for the 12.0-mT hydrogen hyperfine doublet in silica. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:705-707. [PMID: 9947206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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