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Hosted TJ, Wang T, Horan AC. Characterization of the Micromonospora rosaria pMR2 plasmid and development of a high G+C codon optimized integrase for site-specific integration. Plasmid 2005; 54:249-58. [PMID: 16024079 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
pMR2, an 11.1 kb plasmid was isolated from Micromonospora rosaria SCC2095, NRRL3718, and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. Analysis revealed 13 ORFs including homologs of a KorSA regulatory protein and TraB plasmid transfer protein found on other actinomycete plasmids. pMR2 contains att/int functions consisting of an integrase, an excisionase, and a putative plasmid attachment site (attP). The integrase gene contained a high frequency of codons rarely used in high G+C actinomycete coding regions. The gene was codon optimized for actinomycete codon usage to create the synthetic gene int-OPT. pSPRX740, containing an rpsL promoter and the att/int-OPT region, was introduced into Micromonospora halophytica var. nigra ATCC33088. Analysis of DNA flanking the pSPRX740 integration site confirmed site-specific integration into a tRNA(Phe) gene in the M. halopytica var. nigra chromosome. The pMR2 attP element and chromosomal attachment (attB) site contain a 63 bp region of sequence identity overlapping the 3' end of the tRNA(Phe) gene. Plasmids comprising the site-specific att/int-OPT functions of pMR2 can be used to integrate genes into the chromosome of actinomycetes with an appropriate tRNA gene. The development of an integrative system for Micromonospora will expand our ability to study antibiotic biosynthesis in this important actinomycete genus.
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Turek-Etienne TC, Lei M, Terracciano JS, Langsdorf EF, Bryant RW, Hart RF, Horan AC. Use of red-shifted dyes in a fluorescence polarization AKT kinase assay for detection of biological activity in natural product extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 9:52-61. [PMID: 15006149 DOI: 10.1177/1087057103259346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are an important therapeutic target for drug discovery, and many cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been derived from natural product sources. Natural product samples, however, have the likelihood of assay interference, particularly at elevated test concentrations. The authors developed a competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) assay using red-shifted fluorophores for the AKT kinase and demonstrated utility for testing concentrated natural product extracts. A set of 7 actinomycetes cultures containing indolocarbazoles, known nonselective kinase inhibitors, and a control set of 22 nonproducing indolocarbazole cultures were evaluated. Using red-shifted dyes (Cy3B or Cy5), the authors identified active samples with minimal interference up to the extract concentrations that are 3 times nonextracted culture levels. In contrast, a significant number of interferences were observed using either a fluorescein competitive FP assay or a [33P]ATP Flashplate assay. This work demonstrates that one can screen natural product extracts at high concentrations successfully using FP technology with red-shifted dyes.
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Hosted TJ, Wang T, Horan AC. Characterization of the Streptomyces lavendulae IMRU 3455 linear plasmid pSLV45. Microbiology (Reading) 2004; 150:1819-1827. [PMID: 15184568 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces lavendulae IMRU 3455 contains two large linear plasmids designated pSLV45 (45 kb) and pSLV195 (195 kb). A cosmid, pSPRX604, containing 42 kb from pSLV45 was cloned and sequenced. pSLV45 was tagged with a hygromycin-resistance marker by homologous recombination to generate the derivatives pSLV45.680 and pSLV45.681. An apramycin-resistance marker was introduced into S. lavendulae IMRU 467 using the pSPR910 integration vector to yield the recipient strain SPW910. The self-transmissible nature of pSLV45 was determined by transfer of pSLV45.680 and pSLV45.681 from the donor strains SPW680 and SPW681 into the recipient strain SPW910. Southern analysis indicated the presence of hygromycin- and pSLV45-hybridizing sequences within SPW910 exconjugants. PFGE analysis confirmed pSLV45.680 and pSLV45.681 were transferred intact and formed freely replicating linear plasmids. Sequence analysis of pSPRX604 revealed genes predicted to be involved in plasmid transfer, partitioning and regulation. The transfer of the linear plasmid pSLV45 from S. lavendulae IMRU 3455 into S. lavendulae IMRU 467 may allow the development of pSLV45 as an actinomycete-to-actinomycete conjugative shuttle vector.
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Unwin J, Standage S, Alexander D, Hosted T, Horan AC, Wellington EMH. Gene Cluster in Micromonospora echinospora ATCC15835 for the Biosynthesis of the Gentamicin C Complex. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2004; 57:436-45. [PMID: 15376556 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.57.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is a 4,6-disubstituted aminocyclitol antibiotic complex synthesised by some members of the actinomycete genus Micromonospora. In a search for the gentamicin biosynthetic gene cluster we identified, using a cosmid library approach, a region of the M. echinospora ATCC15835 chromosome that encodes homologues of aminoglycoside biosynthesis genes including gntB-a close homologue of the 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase gene (btrC) from butirosin-producing Bacillus circulans. Insertional inactivation was achieved by homologous recombination with an internal gntB fragment-containing suicide plasmid, delivered by conjugal transfer from Escherichia coli. gntB disruptants were gentamicin nonproducing mutants as assayed by an ELISA antibiotic detection system, proving the association of gntB (or a downstream region) with gentamicin biosynthesis. The function of some open reading frames within the cluster, predicted by nucleotide database homology searching, is discussed with regards to their potential roles in gentamicin biosynthesis. The discovery of this genetic region represents the first report of a gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of a 4,6-disubstituted aminocyclitol antibiotic.
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Alexander DC, Devlin DJ, Hewitt DD, Horan AC, Hosted TJ. Development of the Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC 39149 bacteriophage pMLP1 integrase for site-specific integration in Micromonospora spp. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2003; 149:2443-2453. [PMID: 12949170 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC 39149 contains a temperate bacteriophage, pMLP1, that is present both as a replicative element and integrated into the chromosome. Sequence analysis of a 4.4 kb KpnI fragment revealed pMLP1 att/int functions consisting of an integrase, an excisionase and the phage attachment site (attP). Plasmids pSPRH840 and pSPRH910, containing the pMLP1 att/int region, were introduced into Micromonospora spp. by conjugation from Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis of DNA flanking the integration site confirmed site-specific integration into a tRNAHis gene in the chromosome. The pMLP1 attP element and chromosomal bacterial attachment (attB) site contain a 24 bp region of sequence identity located at the 3' end of the tRNA. Integration of pMLP1-based plasmids in M. carbonacea var. africana caused a loss of the pMLP1 phage. Placement of an additional attB site into the chromosome allowed integration of pSPRH840 into the alternate attB site. Plasmids containing the site-specific att/int functions of pMLP1 can be used to integrate genes into the chromosome.
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MESH Headings
- Attachment Sites, Microbiological/genetics
- Bacteriophages/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Bacterial
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Escherichia coli
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genetic Vectors
- Genomic Library
- Integrases/genetics
- Micromonospora/classification
- Micromonospora/genetics
- Micromonospora/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plasmids
- RNA, Transfer, His/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, His/genetics
- Recombination, Genetic
- Virus Integration/genetics
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Hosted TJ, Wang TX, Alexander DC, Horan AC. Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the oligosaccharide antibiotic, Evernimicin, in Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC39149. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 27:386-92. [PMID: 11774004 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2001] [Accepted: 07/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evernimicin (EV) belongs to the orthosomycin class of antibiotics and consists of several modified L- and D-deoxysugars containing unusual orthoester and glycosyl linkages and two orsellinic acid groups, one that is halogenated. The EV biosynthetic gene cluster from Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC39149 was localized by hybridization to a dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase probe and a 120-kb region containing the EV biosynthetic cluster and surrounding regions has been sequenced. BLAST analysis has identified a type I polyketide synthase for orsellinic acid biosynthesis as well as enzymes required for L- and D-deoxyglucose and D-deoxymannose synthesis. In addition, genes involved in glycosyltransfer and resistance were identified. Insertional mutations in several biosynthetic genes blocked EV production, indicating a role for these genes in EV biosynthesis.
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Hegde VR, Patel MG, Horan AC, King AH, Gentile F, Puar MS, Loebenberg D. A novel macrolactam-trisaccharide antifungal antibiotic. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure elucidation and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1998; 51:464-70. [PMID: 9666174 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.51.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel secondary metabolite SCH 42282 (1), with antifungal activity was isolated from the fermentation broth of a soil actinomycete identified as a Microtetraspora sp. The active compound was separated from the fermentation broth by butanol extraction and purified on a silica gel column and by multi-coil counter current chromatography. The compound was identified as a novel macrolactam trisaccharide related to SCH 38518 (4). The structure was established by hydrolysis of the parent compound and spectroscopic studies of the acetate derivative. The compound is active against Candida spp. (Geometric Mean MIC's. 18 micrograms/ml) but less active SCH 42729 (3). the disaccharide (Geometric Mean MIC's, > or = 10.7 micrograms/ml and SCH 38518 (4), the monosaccharide (Geometric Mean Mic's, 3.8 micrograms/ml.
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Horan AC, Shearer MC, Hedge V, Beyazova ML, Brodsky BC, King A, Berrie R, Cardaci K, Nimeck M. A family of novel macrocyclic lactones, the saccharocarcins produced by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. antibiotica. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1997; 50:119-25. [PMID: 9099220 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.50.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A nocardioform actinomycete, SCC 1886, isolated from a soil sample collected in Ohio was found to produce, in fermentation, six novel macrocyclic lactones, the saccharocarcins. The producing culture was identified as Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. antibiotica based on the formation of fragmenting substrate mycelia, aerial mycelia that coalesce to form aerial colonies, whole-cell hydrolysates that contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and rhamnose and physiological comparisons to type species of the genus. Peak production of the saccharocarcins occurred after 95 hours of fermentation in a starch rich medium. The compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth by solvent extraction and purified by HPLC. Isolated compounds were active against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia trachomatis; none were cytotoxic at concentrations up to 1.0 microgram/ml.
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Horan AC. Aerobic actinomycetes: a continuing source of novel natural products. BIOTECHNOLOGY (READING, MASS.) 1994; 26:3-30. [PMID: 7749308 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-9003-4.50007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Hegde VR, Patel MG, Gullo VP, Horan AC, King AH, Gentile F, Wagman GH, Puar MS, Loebenberg D. A novel macrolactam-disaccharide antifungal antibiotic. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure elucidation and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:1109-15. [PMID: 8360107 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel natural product (1), with antifungal activity was isolated from the culture broth of an actinomadurae. The active compound was separated from broth by n-butanol extraction and purified by silica gel and multicoil counter current chromatography. Physico-chemical data suggested the structure of this compound to be a novel macrolactam disaccharide related to Sch 38518 (3). The structure was determined by spectroscopic studies on the acetate derivative. It was active against Candida spp. (MIC's, 4 approximately 64 micrograms/ml) but less than the monosaccharide, Sch 38518 (MIC's, 1 approximately 16 micrograms/ml).
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Chu M, Yarborough R, Schwartz J, Patel MG, Horan AC, Gullo VP, Das PR, Puar MS. Sch 47554 and Sch 47555, two novel antifungal antibiotics produced from a Streptomyces sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:861-5. [PMID: 8514642 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Chu M, Truumees I, Gunnarsson I, Bishop WR, Kreutner W, Horan AC, Patel MG, Gullo VP, Puar MS. A novel class of platelet activating factor antagonists from Phoma sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:554-63. [PMID: 8500998 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Four novel platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists, Sch 47918, Sch 49026, Sch 49027 and Sch 49028, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the fungal culture, Phoma sp. (ATCC 74077). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The structure and stereochemistry of the first isolated component, Sch 47918, were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Sch 49028, the most active component, was found to inhibit PAF-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro with an IC50 of 1.26 microM. However, this compound was inactive in vivo at 5 mg/kg, iv against PAF-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs.
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Matson JA, Claridge C, Bush JA, Titus J, Bradner WT, Doyle TW, Horan AC, Patel M. AT2433-A1, AT2433-A2, AT2433-B1, and AT2433-B2 novel antitumor antibiotic compounds produced by Actinomadura melliaura. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1989; 42:1547-55. [PMID: 2584136 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.42.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compounds AT2433-A1 (A1), AT2433-A2 (A2), AT2433-B1 (B1), and AT2433-B2 (B2) were isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura melliaura sp. nov. (SCC 1655). Structurally these materials are closely related to rebeccamycin (1), an indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic. A1, A2, B1, and B2 were active against Staphylococcus aureus A9537, Streptococcus faecalis A20688, Streptococcus faecium (ATCC 9790), Micrococcus lutea (ATCC 9341), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). A1 and B1 were active against P388 leukemia in mice.
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Cooper R, Horan AC, Gentile F, Gullo V, Loebenberg D, Marquez J, Patel M, Puar MS, Truumees I. Sch 37137, a novel antifungal compound produced by a Micromonospora sp. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:13-9. [PMID: 3346184 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new antifungal compound, Sch 37137, was isolated from the cultured broth of a Micromonospora sp., SCC 1792. Sch 37137 is structurally related to A 19009, a dipeptide previously discovered from a Streptomyces sp. The compound was weakly active against species of Candida and dermatophytes (mean MICs greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml) in Sabouraud dextrose, yeast-nitrogen and modified Eagles minimum essential media; however activity against Candida sp. (mean MICs greater than or equal to 12 micrograms/ml) and dermatophytes (mean MICs greater than or equal to 0.8 microgram/ml) significantly improved in MA medium.
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Gullo V, Conover M, Cooper R, Federbush C, Horan AC, Kung T, Marquez J, Patel M, Watnick A. Sch 36605, a novel anti-inflammatory compound. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:20-4. [PMID: 3346189 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel anti-inflammatory compound, Sch 36605, belonging to the blasticidin family of nucleoside compounds was isolated from the fermentation filtrate of a Streptomyces sp. Sch 36605, as well as blasticidin S, demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in the reverse passive Arthus reaction and the adjuvant arthritic rat at doses ranging between 1-10 mg/kg and 0.3-6.0 mg/kg, respectively. A minor component, Sch 366606, co-produced in the in the fermentation was isolated and identified as a known compound in the blasticidin family of compounds.
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Patel M, Gullo VP, Hegde VR, Horan AC, Marquez JA, Vaughan R, Puar MS, Miller GH. A new tetracycline antibiotic from a Dactylosporangium species. Fermentation, isolation and structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40:1414-8. [PMID: 3680006 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An actinomycete identified as a Dactylosporangium sp. produces a new tetracycline, 4a-hydroxy-8-methoxychlortetracycline (Sch 34164). The addition of magnesium ions to complex fermentation media increased the antibiotic titers. Sch 34164 was isolated by solvent extraction and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. The novel structure was proposed based on spectroscopic analysis. The shift of C-4a (35 to 77 ppm) and C-8 (140 to 163 ppm) in the 13C NMR as compared to chlortetracycline was indicative of the novel hydroxyl and methoxy substituents, respectively.
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Patel M, Gullo VP, Hegde VR, Horan AC, Gentile F, Marquez JA, Miller GH, Puar MS, Waitz JA. A novel tetracycline from Actinomadura brunnea. Fermentation, isolation and structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40:1408-13. [PMID: 3680005 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel tetracycline antibiotic, Sch 33256, was isolated from a culture broth of a new species of Actinomadura. The antibiotic was isolated by solvent extraction, Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and crystallization. The structure was determined by comparison of the spectra with that of chlortetracycline. Spectroscopic analysis of the compound yielded 2'-N-methyl-8-methoxychlortetracycline as the proposed structure.
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Cooper R, Horan AC, Gunnarsson I, Patel M, Truumees I. Nebularine from a novelMicrobispora sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Patel M, Hegde V, Horan AC, Gullo VP, Loebenberg D, Marquez JA, Miller GH, Puar MS, Waitz JA. A novel phenazine antifungal antibiotic, 1,6-dihydroxy-2-chlorophenazine. Fermentation, isolation, structure and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1984; 37:943-8. [PMID: 6501107 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.37.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel, solvent extractable, antibiotic complex has been purified from the fermentation broth of an unusual member of the genus Streptosporangium. Two of the major components were isolated from the complex by alumina column chromatography. One of the components was identified as a previously reported compound, 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine. The other component was a novel chlorine containing phenazine, 1,6-dihydroxy-2-chlorophenazine, which exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activity in vitro against dermatophytes and Candida.
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Patel M, Horan AC, Gullo VP, Loebenberg D, Marquez JA, Miller GH, Waitz JA. Oxanthromicin, a novel antibiotic from Actinomadura. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1984; 37:413-5. [PMID: 6725146 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.37.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Marquez JA, Horan AC, Kalyanpur M, Lee BK, Loebenberg D, Miller GH, Patel M, Waitz JA. The hazimicins, a new class of antibiotics. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1983; 36:1101-8. [PMID: 6630072 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.36.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The hazimicins, a new class of broad spectrum antibiotics with at least 2 active components (5 and 6), were isolated from the fermentation of Micromonospora echinospora var challisensis SCC 1411. The complex was separated from the broth by a solvent extraction procedure, and the individual components were separated by column chromatography. The two primary active components are isomers, with unique structures shown to be di-tyrosine analogs containing two isonitrile groups. The antibiotic has in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and in vitro activity against yeasts and dermatophytes.
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22
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Waitz JA, Horan AC, Kalyanpur M, Lee BK, Loebenberg D, Marquez JA, Miller G, Patel MG. Kijanimicin (Sch 25663), a novel antibiotic produced by Actinomadura kijaniata SCC 1256. Fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981; 34:1101-6. [PMID: 7328052 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.34.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel antibiotic complex has been isolated form the fermentation broth of a new species of Actinomadura, A. kijaniata SCC 1256. The complex was separated form the broth by a solvent extraction procedure and consists of 1 major component, designated kijanimicin, and 3 minor components. Kijanimicin was isolated form the complex by column chromatography and/or preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. Structurally the compound is a unique, large acid enol antibiotic and possesses an unusual in vitro spectrum of activity against some Gram-positive and anaerobic microorganisms. In vivo it has also shown interesting activity against malaria.
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Lechevalier MP, Lechevalier H, Horan AC. Chemical characteristics and classification of nocardiae. Can J Microbiol 1973; 19:965-72. [PMID: 4752341 DOI: 10.1139/m73-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple gas-chromatographic method was devised for the detection of mycolic acids present in strains of Actinomycetales with a type IV cell wall (meso-DAP, arabinose, and galactose). Results obtained in the study of 89 such strains has permitted the authors to assign them to either the genus Mycobacterium (strains containing true mycolic acids) or to the genus Nocardia (strains containing nocardomycolic acids).Strains of "Nocardia farcinica" were found to belong to the genus Mycobacterium and thus the name of this species should be considered a nomen dubium. Strains of "Mycobacterium rhodochrous," "M. brevicale," and "M. thamnopheos" did not contain true mycolic acids and their assignment to the genera Nocardia or Corynebacterium was considered.
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Lechevalier MP, Horan AC, Lechevalier H. Lipid composition in the classification of nocardiae and mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 1971; 105:313-8. [PMID: 5541017 PMCID: PMC248356 DOI: 10.1128/jb.105.1.313-318.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-six strains of aerobic actinomycetes with a type IV cell wall (major amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose) were analyzed for the presence of mycolic acids and nocardomycolic acids. The method used was comparatively simple and permits the separation of these organisms into two groups: the mycobacteria and the nocardiae. In general, strains received as mycobacteria contained mycolic acids, confirming the generic assignment made by other methods. On the basis of nocardomycolic acid content, Mycobacterium brevicale, M. rhodochrous, and M. thamnopheos should be placed in the genus Nocardia, and on the basis of mycolic acid content, strains recently isolated from bovine farcy should be placed in the genus Mycobacterium. Nocardia farcinica should be considered a nomen dubium and N. asteroides should be considered the type species of the genus.
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Gordon RE, Horan AC. A piecemeal description of Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman and Henrici. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1968; 50:223-33. [PMID: 5640225 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-50-2-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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