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Id4 Downstream of Notch2 Maintains Neural Stem Cell Quiescence in the Adult Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1485-1498.e6. [PMID: 31390563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are mostly quiescent, and only a few are in cell cycle at any point in time. DG NSCs become increasingly dormant with age and enter mitosis less frequently, which impinges on neurogenesis. How NSC inactivity is maintained is largely unknown. Here, we found that Id4 is a downstream target of Notch2 signaling and maintains DG NSC quiescence by blocking cell-cycle entry. Id4 expression is sufficient to promote DG NSC quiescence and Id4 knockdown rescues Notch2-induced inhibition of NSC proliferation. Id4 deletion activates NSC proliferation in the DG without evoking neuron generation, and overexpression increases NSC maintenance while promoting astrogliogenesis at the expense of neurogenesis. Together, our findings indicate that Id4 is a major effector of Notch2 signaling in NSCs and a Notch2-Id4 axis promotes NSC quiescence in the adult DG, uncoupling NSC activation from neuronal differentiation.
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Early suppression of peripheral mononuclear blood cells in sepsis in response to stimulation with cytomegalovirus, OKT3, and pokeweed mitogen. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1539-1547. [PMID: 31545153 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00438.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients are at risk for sepsis, and immunosuppressive mechanisms may prevail. Whether functional tests are helpful to detect immune alterations is largely unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to secrete interferon-γ (IFNγ) following stimulation in vitro is decreased in patients with early sepsis compared with postoperative patients. IFNγ secretion [enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot)] in response to stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), muromonab-anti-CD3 (OKT3), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRA-mRNA expression and serum cytokine concentrations were repeatedly [days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after intensive care unit (ICU) admission] determined in patients with sepsis (n = 7) and patients undergoing major abdominal surgery (radical prostatectomy, cystectomy, n = 10). In a second cohort, HLA-DRA expression was assessed in 80 patients with sepsis, 30 postoperative patients, and 44 healthy volunteers (German clinical trials database no. 00007694). In patients with sepsis, IFNγ secretion (ELISpot) was decreased compared with controls after stimulation with CMV (P = 0.01), OKT3 (P = 0.02), and PWM (P = 0.02 on day 5), whereas unstimulated IFNγ secretion did not differ. HLA-DRA expression was also significantly decreased in patients with sepsis at all time points (P = 0.004) compared with postoperative surgical patients, a finding confirmed in the larger cohort. Reactivity of PBMCs to stimulation with CMV, PWM, and OKT3 as well as HLA-DRA expression was already decreased upon ICU admission in patients with sepsis when compared with postoperative controls, suggesting early depression of acquired immunity. ELISpot assays may help to clinically characterize the time course of immunocompetence in patients with sepsis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed suppression of reactivity to stimulation with cytomegalovirus, muromonab-anti-CD3, and pokeweed mitogen in mononuclear blood cells of patients with early sepsis when compared with postoperative controls. Thus, there is early depression of acquired immunity in sepsis. Enzyme-linked immunospot assays may help to characterize immunocompetence in patients with sepsis.
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Molecular breath analysis supports altered amino acid metabolism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2019; 24:437-444. [PMID: 30681243 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is complex and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recent findings indicate elevated levels of proline and other amino acids in lung tissue of IPF patients which may also be of diagnostic value. Following these findings, we hypothesized that such altered metabolic profiles would be mirrored in exhaled breath and could therefore be captured non-invasively in real time. METHODS We aimed to validate these results using real-time exhaled breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, which can provide a non-invasive, painless and fast insight into the metabolism. Breath analysis was performed in a matched 1:1 case-control study involving 21 patients with IPF and 21 control subjects. RESULTS We found significantly (P < 0.05) elevated levels of proline, 4-hydroxyproline, alanine, valine, leucine/isoleucine and allysine in breath of IPF patients, whereas pyroglutamic acid and phenylalanine did not show significant differences. This coincides with the amino acid's abundance in pulmonary tissue indicating that our observations reflect progressing fibrosis. In addition, amino acid levels correlated across subjects, further supporting a common underlying pathway. We were able to obtain a cross-validated area under the curve of 0.86, suggesting that these increased amino acid levels in exhaled breath have the potential to be used as biomarkers for IPF. CONCLUSION We could validate previous findings of elevated lung tissue amino acid levels in IPF and show that online breath analysis might be a practical tool for a rapid screening for IPF.
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Real-Time Breath Analysis Reveals Specific Metabolic Signatures of COPD Exacerbations. Chest 2019; 156:269-276. [PMID: 30685334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations of COPD are defined by acute worsening of respiratory symptoms leading to a change in therapy. Identifying altered metabolic processes in patients at risk for future exacerbations is desirable for treatment optimization, the development of new therapeutic strategies, and perhaps diagnostic value. We aimed to identify affected pathways using the profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath from patients with COPD with and without frequent exacerbations (≥ 2 exacerbations within the past 12 months). METHODS In this matched cohort study, exhaled breath profiles from patients with COPD and frequent exacerbations ("frequent exacerbators") and without frequent exacerbations ("nonfrequent exacerbators") were analyzed during an exacerbation-free interval using real-time secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. We analyzed exhaled breath from 26 frequent exacerbators and 26 nonfrequent exacerbators that were matched in terms of age, sex, and smoking history. To obtain new pathophysiological insights, we investigated significantly altered metabolites, which can be assigned to specific pathways. Metabolites were identified by using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Metabolite levels from the ω-oxidation pathway, namely ω-hydroxy, ω-oxo, and dicarboxylic acids, were consistently decreased in frequent exacerbators. Additionally, several new nitro-aromatic metabolites, which were significantly increased in frequent exacerbators, were identified. CONCLUSIONS Real-time breath analysis by secondary electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry allows molecular profiling of exhaled breath, providing insights about ongoing biochemical processes in patients with COPD at risk for exacerbations. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02186639; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Notch2 Signaling Maintains NSC Quiescence in the Murine Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. Cell Rep 2018; 22:992-1002. [PMID: 29386140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the adult forebrain from quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). V-SVZ NSCs are a reservoir for new olfactory bulb (OB) neurons that migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS). To generate neurons, V-SVZ NSCs need to activate and enter the cell cycle. The mechanisms underlying NSC transition from quiescence to activity are poorly understood. We show that Notch2, but not Notch1, signaling conveys quiescence to V-SVZ NSCs by repressing cell-cycle-related genes and neurogenesis. Loss of Notch2 activates quiescent NSCs, which proliferate and generate new neurons of the OB lineage. Notch2 deficiency results in accelerated V-SVZ NSC exhaustion and an aging-like phenotype. Simultaneous loss of Notch1 and Notch2 resembled the total loss of Rbpj-mediated canonical Notch signaling; thus, Notch2 functions are not compensated in NSCs, and Notch2 is indispensable for the maintenance of NSC quiescence in the adult V-SVZ.
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DISTRACTED DRIVING IN OLDER ADULTS: PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to human. It plays critical roles in neural stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis in the embryonic brain as well as in the adult brain. Notch functions greatly depend on careful regulation and cross-talk with other regulatory mechanisms. Deregulation of Notch signaling is involved in many neurodegenerative diseases and brain disorders. Here, we summarize the fundamental role of Notch in neuronal development and specification and discuss how epigenetic regulation and pathway cross-talk contribute to Notch function. In addition, we cover aberrant alterations of Notch signaling in the diseased brain. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into how Notch signaling works in different contexts to control neurogenesis and its potential effects in diagnoses and therapies of neurodegeneration, brain tumors and disorders.
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110 On-line breath analysis with secondary electrospray ionization discriminates between COPD patients with and without frequent exacerbations. Chest 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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P149 Targeted on-line breath analysis discriminates COPD patients vs. healthy controls and subjects suffering from asthma. Chest 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Multipotency of Adult Hippocampal NSCs In Vivo Is Restricted by Drosha/NFIB. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:653-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Regulation and function of SIRT1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:173-82. [PMID: 26298564 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of synovial joints. The function of sirtuin (SIRT)1 in RA is inconclusive. In human synovial cells, SIRT1 was shown to promote cytokine production and apoptosis resistance. However, deletion of SIRT1 aggravated inflammatory arthritis in mice and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophages. In the current study, we investigated the regulation, expression, and function of SIRT1 in RA, in particular its role in adhesion and proliferation of human RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF). We found that expression of SIRT1 was increased in vivo in synovial tissues of RA smokers and in vitro by stimulation of RASF with TNFα, but decreased upon treatment with cigarette smoke extract. Synovial tissues of RA smokers showed higher leukocytic infiltration that positively correlated with enhanced levels of SIRT1. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that SIRT1 modulates expression of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and cell adhesion. In functional studies, silencing of SIRT1 reduced proliferation and leukocytic adhesion to RASF but showed inconsistent results in the regulation of adhesion to plastic. In conclusion, SIRT1 modulates the proliferative and potentially also adhesive properties of RASF and can therefore promote progression of RA. KEY MESSAGES SIRT1 is upregulated by TNFα but decreased upon CSE treatment of RASF. Upregulation of SIRT1 in RA smokers correlates with increased leukocytic infiltration. SIRT1 modulates expression of genes regulating cell adhesion and inflammation. SIRT1 regulates proliferation of RASF.
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Heart‐Specific Overexpression of FOXO Ameliorates Performance Decline through Enhanced UPS Processing in Aging Drosophila. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.726.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Butyl-cyanoacrylate adhesives for fixation of autologous bone graft. Study in rabbits. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and worsens the course of the disease. In the current study we analysed whether smoking can affect gene expression directly in the joints. METHODS Synovial fibroblasts were incubated with 5% cigarette smoke extract and changes in gene expression were detected using whole genome microarrays and verified with real-time PCR. Synovial tissues were obtained from smoking and non-smoking patients with RA undergoing joint replacement surgery and from mice exposed to cigarette smoke or ambient air in a whole body exposure chamber for 3 weeks. RESULTS Microarray and real-time PCR analysis showed a significant upregulation of the heat shock proteins DnaJA4, DnaJB4, DnaJC6, HspB8 and Hsp70 after stimulation of synovial fibroblasts with 5% cigarette smoke extract. Similarly, in synovial tissues of smokers with RA the expression of DnaJB4, DnaJC6, HspB8 and Hsp70 was significantly higher compared with non-smokers with RA. Upregulation of DnaJB4 and DnaJC6 in joints by smoking was also confirmed in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSIONS Our data clearly show that smoking can change gene expression in the joints, which can lead to the activation of signalling pathways that promote development of autoimmunity and chronic joint inflammation.
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SIRT6 regulates the cigarette smoke-induced signalling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:757-67. [PMID: 24638860 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cigarette smoking is a recognized environmental risk factor for the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) actively contribute to inflammation and joint destruction in this chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. In the current study, we investigated the influence of cigarette smoke on the inflammatory and matrix-destructive properties of RASF. Furthermore, the functional role of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in the regulation of the signalling induced by cigarette smoke or by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was elucidated. We demonstrated that stimulation with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) enhances the pro-inflammatory and matrix-destructive potential of RASF by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 (IL8) and the matrix-destructive enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), but not of IL6 and MMP3. Moreover, we could show that the expression of MMP1 is specifically regulated by SIRT6. Treatment of RASF with CSE or TNFα increased the levels of SIRT6. The expression of SIRT6 was also enhanced in vivo in synovial tissues of RA smokers and in joints of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Silencing of SIRT6 specifically increased basal as well as CSE- and TNFα-induced production of MMP1, demonstrating that SIRT6 plays an important role in restricting MMP1 expression. In conclusion, the upregulation of SIRT6 in RASF under CSE or TNFα stimulation functions as a counterregulatory mechanism attenuating the production of the matrix-destructive enzyme MMP1. This is the first study revealing the protective function of SIRT6 in the cigarette smoke-induced signalling. KEY MESSAGES Cigarette smoke induces pro-inflammatory and matrix-destructive responses in RASF. Cigarette smoke enhances the expression of SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo. TNFα increases the levels of SIRT6. SIRT6 diminishes MMP1 production under cigarette smoke extract and TNFα stimulation.
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Short-term outcome after surgical embolectomy in pulmonary embolism: A single-center experience. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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AB0028 Smoking induces expression of mic ligands of the activating immune receptor nkg2d. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cigarette smoke downregulates HDAC2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2012. [PMCID: PMC3332510 DOI: 10.1186/ar3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Condensationsproducte aus Pyridylmethylketon mit Benzaldehyd und o-Nitrobenzaldehyd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19020350437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Preliminary evidence for a modulation of fetal dopaminergic development by maternal immune activation during pregnancy. Neuroscience 2008; 154:701-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Erratum to “Weakened taste-LPS association during endotoxin tolerance” [Physiology & Behavior 93 (2008) 261–266]. Physiol Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Behavioural Conditioning of Immune Functions: How the Central Nervous System Controls Peripheral Immune Responses by Evoking Associative Learning Processes. Rev Neurosci 2008; 19:1-17. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2008.19.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Weakened [corrected] taste-LPS association during endotoxin tolerance. Physiol Behav 2007; 93:261-6. [PMID: 17920645 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In naive individuals, the administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provokes a rapid systemic increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, inducing an acute phase response including sickness behavior. Strong associative learning occurs when relevant gustatory/olfactory stimuli precede the activation of the immune system, affecting long-term individual food selection and nutritional strategies. Repeated LPS administration results in the development of an endotoxin tolerance status, characterized by a drastic reduction in the LPS-induced cytokine response. Here we investigated how the postprandial categorization of a relevant taste (0.2% saccharin) changed after administration of a high dose of LPS (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) in LPS-tolerant animals. Determination of the consummatory fluid intake revealed that, in contrast to LPS-naive rats, taste-LPS association did not occur during endotoxin tolerance. Ninety minutes after the single association trial, the plasma responses of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were completely blunted in LPS-tolerant animals, which also resulted in low LPS-adipsogenic and LPS-anorexic effects. These findings indicate that an identical immune challenge can result in completely different neuro-behavioral consequences depending on the immune history of the individual, thus revealing part of the complex interconnection between the immune and neuro-endocrine systems in regulating food selection and consumption during the infectious process.
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Solution structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr(13-33) peptide in micelles. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:389-95. [PMID: 11168374 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2001.01895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein R (HIV-1 Vpr) promotes nuclear entry of viral nucleic acids in nondividing cells, causes G2 cell cycle arrest and is involved in cellular differentiation and cell death. Also, Vpr subcellular localization is as variable as its functions. It is known that, consistent with its role in nuclear transport, Vpr localizes to the nuclear envelope of human cells. Further, a reported ion channel activity of Vpr obviously is dependent on its localization in or at membranes. We focused our structural studies on the secondary structure of a peptide consisting of residues 13-33 of HIV-1 Vpr in micelles. Employing nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy we found this part of Vpr, known to be essential for nuclear localization, to be almost completely alpha helical. Our results provide structural data suggesting residues 13-33 of Vpr to form an amphipathic, leucine-zipper-like alpha helix that serves as a basis for interactions with a variety of viral and cellular factors.
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Erfassung von gesundheitlichen Störungen und Einschätzung toxischer Risiken durch chemische Produkte beim Menschen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s001030050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crystal structure of (rac)-methyl(2S*,2R'*,4'S*,12bR*)-2,-tert-butyl-1, 2,6,7,12,12b-hexahydro-4'-methyl-2-(5'-oxo-1',3'-dioxolane-4'-yl)indolo[ 2,3-α]-quinolizine-3-carboxylate, C25H30N2O5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 1997. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.1997.212.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Measurement of pi 0 pi 0 production in two-photon collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1990; 41:3324-3335. [PMID: 10012270 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.41.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Formation of the pseudoscalars pi 0, eta, and eta ' in the reaction gamma gamma --> gamma gamma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1988; 38:1365-1376. [PMID: 9959284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Determination ofГ ee of the Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) resonances, and measurement ofR atW=9.39 GeV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01559717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Production of eta and omega mesons in tau decay and a search for second-class currents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:1993-1996. [PMID: 10035390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Measurement of the properties of the eta ' and search for other resonances in gamma gamma --> eta pi 0 pi 0. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 36:2633-2640. [PMID: 9958480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.36.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gamma (b-->ul nu )/ Gamma (b-->cl nu ) from the end point of the lepton momentum spectrum in semileptonic B decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:407-410. [PMID: 10035761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Improved upper limit on flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the b quark. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 35:3533-3536. [PMID: 9957615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Limit on the mass of the tau neutrino. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 35:2747-2751. [PMID: 9957983 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Spin analysis of the chi b states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 58:972-975. [PMID: 10034299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Search for magnetically charged particles produced in e+e- annihilations at sqrt s =10.6 GeV. Int J Clin Exp Med 1987; 35:1081-1084. [PMID: 9957760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Inclusive B-meson decays into charm. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 35:19-26. [PMID: 9957488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Upper limits for the production of light short-lived neutral particles in radiative Upsilon decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:2676-2679. [PMID: 10033062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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