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Dickson AS, Pauzaite T, Arnaiz E, Ortmann BM, West JA, Volkmar N, Martinelli AW, Li Z, Wit N, Vitkup D, Kaser A, Lehner PJ, Nathan JA. Author Correction: A HIF independent oxygen-sensitive pathway for controlling cholesterol synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2658. [PMID: 38531897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Dickson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Tekle Pauzaite
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Esther Arnaiz
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Ochre-Bio Ltd, Hayakawa Building, Oxford Science Park, Edmund Halley Road, Oxford, OX4 4GB, UK
| | - Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James A West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- DISCO Pharmaceuticals Swiss GmbH, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Martinelli
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tango Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Ave Suite 901, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niek Wit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Dennis Vitkup
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Dickson AS, Pauzaite T, Arnaiz E, Ortmann BM, West JA, Volkmar N, Martinelli AW, Li Z, Wit N, Vitkup D, Kaser A, Lehner PJ, Nathan JA. Author Correction: A HIF independent oxygen-sensitive pathway for controlling cholesterol synthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7751. [PMID: 38012189 PMCID: PMC10681990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Dickson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Tekle Pauzaite
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Esther Arnaiz
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Ochre-Bio Ltd, Hayakawa Building, Oxford Science Park, Edmund Halley Road, Oxford, OX4 4GB, UK
| | - Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James A West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- DISCO Pharmaceuticals Swiss GmbH, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Martinelli
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tango Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Ave Suite 901, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niek Wit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Dennis Vitkup
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Dickson AS, Pauzaite T, Arnaiz E, Ortmann BM, West JA, Volkmar N, Martinelli AW, Li Z, Wit N, Vitkup D, Kaser A, Lehner PJ, Nathan JA. A HIF independent oxygen-sensitive pathway for controlling cholesterol synthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4816. [PMID: 37558666 PMCID: PMC10412576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis is a highly regulated, oxygen-dependent pathway, vital for cell membrane integrity and growth. In fungi, the dependency on oxygen for sterol production has resulted in a shared transcriptional response, resembling prolyl hydroxylation of Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) in metazoans. Whether an analogous metazoan pathway exists is unknown. Here, we identify Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2), the key transcription factor driving sterol production in mammals, as an oxygen-sensitive regulator of cholesterol synthesis. SREBP2 degradation in hypoxia overrides the normal sterol-sensing response, and is HIF independent. We identify MARCHF6, through its NADPH-mediated activation in hypoxia, as the main ubiquitin ligase controlling SREBP2 stability. Hypoxia-mediated degradation of SREBP2 protects cells from statin-induced cell death by forcing cells to rely on exogenous cholesterol uptake, explaining why many solid organ tumours become auxotrophic for cholesterol. Our findings therefore uncover an oxygen-sensitive pathway for governing cholesterol synthesis through regulated SREBP2-dependent protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Dickson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Tekle Pauzaite
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Esther Arnaiz
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Ochre-Bio Ltd, Hayakawa Building, Oxford Science Park, Edmund Halley Road, Oxford, OX4 4GB, UK
| | - Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James A West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- DISCO Pharmaceuticals Swiss GmbH, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Martinelli
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tango Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Ave Suite 901, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niek Wit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Dennis Vitkup
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Signes A, Cerutti R, Dickson AS, Benincá C, Hinchy EC, Ghezzi D, Carrozzo R, Bertini E, Murphy MP, Nathan JA, Viscomi C, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. APOPT1/COA8 assists COX assembly and is oppositely regulated by UPS and ROS. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9582. [PMID: 30552096 PMCID: PMC6328941 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in APOPT1, a gene exclusively found in higher eukaryotes, cause a characteristic type of cavitating leukoencephalopathy associated with mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency. Although the genetic association of APOPT1 pathogenic variants with isolated COX defects is now clear, the biochemical link between APOPT1 function and COX has remained elusive. We investigated the molecular role of APOPT1 using different approaches. First, we generated an Apopt1 knockout mouse model which shows impaired motor skills, e.g., decreased motor coordination and endurance, associated with reduced COX activity and levels in multiple tissues. In addition, by achieving stable expression of wild-type APOPT1 in control and patient-derived cultured cells we ruled out a role of this protein in apoptosis and established instead that this protein is necessary for proper COX assembly and function. On the other hand, APOPT1 steady-state levels were shown to be controlled by the ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS). Conversely, in conditions of increased oxidative stress, APOPT1 is stabilized, increasing its mature intramitochondrial form and thereby protecting COX from oxidatively induced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Signes
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raffaele Cerutti
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna S Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Menzies SA, Volkmar N, van den Boomen DJH, Timms RT, Dickson AS, Nathan JA, Lehner PJ. The sterol-responsive RNF145 E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase together with gp78 and Hrd1. eLife 2018; 7:e40009. [PMID: 30543180 PMCID: PMC6292692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and the therapeutic target of statins, is post-transcriptionally regulated by sterol-accelerated degradation. Under cholesterol-replete conditions, HMGCR is ubiquitinated and degraded, but the identity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase(s) responsible for mammalian HMGCR turnover remains controversial. Using systematic, unbiased CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide screens with a sterol-sensitive endogenous HMGCR reporter, we comprehensively map the E3 ligase landscape required for sterol-accelerated HMGCR degradation. We find that RNF145 and gp78 independently co-ordinate HMGCR ubiquitination and degradation. RNF145, a sterol-responsive ER-resident E3 ligase, is unstable but accumulates following sterol depletion. Sterol addition triggers RNF145 recruitment to HMGCR via Insigs, promoting HMGCR ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. In the absence of both RNF145 and gp78, Hrd1, a third UBE2G2-dependent E3 ligase, partially regulates HMGCR activity. Our findings reveal a critical role for the sterol-responsive RNF145 in HMGCR regulation and elucidate the complexity of sterol-accelerated HMGCR degradation. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Menzies
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Richard T Timms
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna S Dickson
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Stefanovic-Barrett S, Dickson AS, Burr SP, Williamson JC, Lobb IT, van den Boomen DJ, Lehner PJ, Nathan JA. MARCH6 and TRC8 facilitate the quality control of cytosolic and tail-anchored proteins. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45603. [PMID: 29519897 PMCID: PMC5934766 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded or damaged proteins are typically targeted for destruction by proteasome-mediated degradation, but the mammalian ubiquitin machinery involved is incompletely understood. Here, using forward genetic screens in human cells, we find that the proteasome-mediated degradation of the soluble misfolded reporter, mCherry-CL1, involves two ER-resident E3 ligases, MARCH6 and TRC8. mCherry-CL1 degradation is routed via the ER membrane and dependent on the hydrophobicity of the substrate, with complete stabilisation only observed in double knockout MARCH6/TRC8 cells. To identify a more physiological correlate, we used quantitative mass spectrometry and found that TRC8 and MARCH6 depletion altered the turnover of the tail-anchored protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These E3 ligases associate with the intramembrane cleaving signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and facilitate the degradation of HO-1 following intramembrane proteolysis. Our results highlight how ER-resident ligases may target the same substrates, but work independently of each other, to optimise the protein quality control of selected soluble and tail-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Stefanovic-Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna S Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen P Burr
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James C Williamson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian T Lobb
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dick Jh van den Boomen
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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McColl KE, Gillen D, Dickson AS. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in functional dyspepsia. Study had several weaknesses. BMJ 1999; 319:451; author reply 451-2. [PMID: 10445937 PMCID: PMC1127053 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7207.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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