Development and validation of RP HPLC method for the estimation of Sofosbuvir and related impurity in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form

Background

The present work is aimed at development and validation of RP HPLC method which is simple, specific, precise, and accurate for estimation of Sofosbuvir and its process-related impurity in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Extensive literature survey revealed no method for estimation of the above said. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18, 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm with mobile phase composed of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in 1000 ml of water:acetonitrile (50:50) using an isocratic mode of elution. Detection was made using UV detector at 260.0 nm and LC solution software for analysis of data. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines.

Results

The linearity of calibration curve for Sofosbuvir in concentration range of 160-480 μg/ml was good. The curve was linear for its process related impurity (Phosphoryl) in concentration range of 10-30 μg/ml. There exists a good correlation between peak area and analyte concentration. Retention time for Sofosbuvir was found to be 3.674 min and its impurity was 5.704 min. Relative standard deviation values for Sofosbuvir is 1.741 and its process related impurity is 0.043. LOD for Sofosbuvir and its impurity was found to be 0.01% (0.04 μg) and 0.03% (0.12 μg) respectively. LOQ for Sofosbuvir and its impurity was found to be 0.50% (0.125 μg) and 1.50% (0.375 μg) respectively.

Conclusion

All the results reveal that the proposed method was found to be highly sensitive, simple, precise, accurate, robust, and fast. Large number of samples can be analyzed in shorter time due to shorter retention times, so it can be successfully applied for routine analysis of Sofosbuvir and related phosphoryl impurity in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Synthesis of azachalcones, their α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, kinetics, and molecular docking studies

Diabetes being a chronic metabolic disorder have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and biologists. The introduction of new and potential drug candidates for the cure and treatment of diabetes has become a major concern due to its increased prevelance worldwide. In the current study, twenty-seven azachalcone derivatives 3-29 were synthesized and evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activities by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Five compounds 3 (IC₅₀ = 23.08 ± 0.03 µM), (IC₅₀ = 26.08 ± 0.43 µM), 5 (IC₅₀ = 24.57 ± 0.07 µM), (IC₅₀ = 27.57 ± 0.07 µM), 6 (IC₅₀ = 24.94 ± 0.12 µM), (IC₅₀ = 27.13 ± 0.08 µM), 16 (IC₅₀ = 27.57 ± 0.07 µM), (IC₅₀ = 29.13 ± 0.18 µM), and 28 (IC₅₀ = 26.94 ± 0.12 µM) (IC₅₀ = 27.99 ± 0.09 µM) demonstrated good inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, respectively. Acarbose was used as the standard in this study. Structure-activity relationship was established by considering the parent skeleton and different substitutions on aryl ring. The compounds were also subjected for kinetic studies to study their mechanism of action and they showed competitive mode of inhibition against both enzymes. The molecular docking studies have supported the results and showed that these compounds have been involved in various binding interactions within the active site of enzyme.

In vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidepressant activity of green synthesized azomethine derivatives of cinnamaldehyde

OBJECTIVES:

In this study, three (CS-1 to CS-3) azomethine derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were green synthesized, characterized, and their antioxidant and antidepressant activities were explored.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The antioxidant effect of these compounds was initially performed in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay methods before subjecting them to in vivo experiments. Compounds showing potent antioxidant activity (CS-1 and CS-2) were investigated further for their antidepressant activity using the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Ascorbic acid (AA) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, p.o) were used as reference drugs for comparison in the antioxidant and antidepressant experiments, respectively.

RESULTS:

It was observed that CS-2 and CS-3 exhibited highest DPPH (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC₅₀]: 16.22 and 25.18 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC₅₀: 17.2 and 28.86 μg/mL) radical scavenging activity, respectively, compared to AA (IC₅₀: 15.73 and 16.79 μg/mL) and therefore, both CS-2 and CS-3 were tested for their antidepressant effect using FST and TST as experimental models. Pretreatment of CS-2 and CS-3 (20 mg/kg) for 10 days considerably decreased the immobility time in both the FST and TST models.

CONCLUSION:

The antioxidant and antidepressant effect of CS-2 and CS-3 may be attributed to the presence of azomethine linkage in the molecule.