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Ehrenberg AJ, Nguy AK, Theofilas P, Dunlop S, Suemoto CK, Di Lorenzo Alho AT, Leite RP, Diehl Rodriguez R, Mejia MB, Rüb U, Farfel JM, de Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini RE, Nascimento CF, Nitrini R, Pasquallucci CA, Jacob-Filho W, Miller B, Seeley WW, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. Quantifying the accretion of hyperphosphorylated tau in the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus: the pathological building blocks of early Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:393-408. [PMID: 28117917 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperphosphorylated tau neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (ht-NCI) are the best protein correlate of clinical decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Qualitative evidence identifies ht-NCI accumulating in the isodendritic core before the entorhinal cortex. Here, we used unbiased stereology to quantify ht-NCI burden in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), aiming to characterize the impact of AD pathology in these nuclei with a focus on early stages. METHODS We utilized unbiased stereology in a sample of 48 well-characterized subjects enriched for controls and early AD stages. ht-NCI counts were estimated in 60-μm-thick sections immunostained for p-tau throughout LC and DRN. Data were integrated with unbiased estimates of LC and DRN neuronal population for a subset of cases. RESULTS In Braak stage 0, 7.9% and 2.6% of neurons in LC and DRN, respectively, harbour ht-NCIs. Although the number of ht-NCI+ neurons significantly increased by about 1.9× between Braak stages 0 to I in LC (P = 0.02), we failed to detect any significant difference between Braak stage I and II. Also, the number of ht-NCI+ neurons remained stable in DRN between all stages 0 and II. Finally, the differential susceptibility to tau inclusions among nuclear subdivisions was more notable in LC than in DRN. CONCLUSIONS LC and DRN neurons exhibited ht-NCI during AD precortical stages. The ht-NCI increases along AD progression on both nuclei, but quantitative changes in LC precede DRN changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ehrenberg
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - A K Nguy
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - P Theofilas
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Dunlop
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C K Suemoto
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A T Di Lorenzo Alho
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R P Leite
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M B Mejia
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - U Rüb
- University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J M Farfel
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - C F Nascimento
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Nitrini
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - W Jacob-Filho
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Miller
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - W W Seeley
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - H Heinsen
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of Wüerzburg, Wüerzburg, Germany
| | - L T Grinberg
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Theofilas P, Nguy AK, Thackrey JM, Ehrenberg AJ, Dunlop S, Mejia MB, Armas C, Alho AT, Suemoto CK, Paraizo Leite RE, Rodriguez RD, Seeley WW, Eloah de Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini R, Farfel JM, Rueb U, Jacob-Filho W, Nitrini R, Pasquallucci CA, Neuhaus J, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. P3‐118: Apoptosis and Autophagy Changes Correlate With Alzheimer's Disease Progression in Humans: A Stereological Postmortem Study. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin K. Nguy
- University of CaliforniaSan Francisco San FranciscoCA USA
| | | | | | - Sara Dunlop
- University of CaliforniaSan Francisco San FranciscoCA USA
| | - Maria B. Mejia
- University of CaliforniaSan Francisco San FranciscoCA USA
| | - Cristina Armas
- University of CaliforniaSan Francisco San FranciscoCA USA
| | - Ana T. Alho
- University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Udo Rueb
- University of FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | | | | | | | - John Neuhaus
- University of CaliforniaSan Francisco San FranciscoCA USA
| | | | - Lea T. Grinberg
- University of CaliforniaSan Francisco San FranciscoCA USA
- University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
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Nguy AK, Ehrenberg AJ, Theofilas P, Dunlop S, Alho AT, Paraizo Leite RE, Rodriguez RD, Mejia MB, Suemoto CK, Farfel JM, Eloah de Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini R, Polichiso L, Nascimento CF, Seeley WW, Nitrini R, Pasquallucci CA, Jacob-Filho W, Rueb U, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. O3‐04‐01: The Subcortical Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe's Link to Progressive Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin K. Nguy
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA USA
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | - Alexander J. Ehrenberg
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA USA
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | - Sara Dunlop
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | - Ana T. Alho
- Hospital Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
- University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Maria B. Mejia
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Nitrini
- University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Udo Rueb
- University of FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Universiy of WüerzburgWüerzburgGermany
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
- University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
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