Primary Testicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma With Bilateral Adrenal Metastasis: A Rare Presentation

Primary testicular lymphoma is the common testicular neoplasm in patients aged more than 65 years. It accounts for a small number of cases of adult testicular malignancies. Though the metastasis to bone marrow, liver, and central nervous system are well known, metastasis to adrenal glands is a very rare entity. It can be mistaken as a germ cell tumor or a dual malignancy. To rule out other causes, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Here, we present a rare case of primary testicular Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with bilateral adrenal metastasis.

Animal models and biomarkers of neuropathy in diabetic rodents

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a multifactor complication of diabetes. It is a late finding in type 1 diabetes, but can be an early finding in type 2 diabetes. The cause of DN is still unclear and, like other complications of diabetes, it may be the result of various pathological conditions. Animal models and biomarkers of DN have been extensively used in neuropathic research. The most useful model of DN should exhibit the key feature present in human pathology. Diabetic rodents show behavioral, functional, structural and molecular biomarkers and they are widely used as models to investigate the etiology of DN as well as to screen the efficacy of the potential therapeutic interventions. We have reviewed the different animal models and biomarkers of neuropathy in diabetic rodents of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Dielectric properties of ultrafine grained BaTiO(3)

The dielectric constant and spontaneous polarization of fine-grained BaTiO(3) prepared from powder produced by metalloorganic decomposition technology were studied. The room-temperature dielectric constant of BaTiO(3) was found to increase sharply with increase in grain size, reach a maximum at about 0.4 mum, and decrease with further increase in grain size. Spontaneous polarization continuously decreased with decrease in grain size. A model is proposed to explain the grain size dependence of the dielectric constant.

High K BaTiO(3) films from metalloorganic precursors

Crack-free and dense BaTiO(3) films 4 to 8 mum thick were prepared by spinning a solution of metalloorganic precursors onto an appropriate substrate, and firing and annealing the film in air at certain temperatures to obtain appropriate grain sizes. The electrical properties of the films were studied as a function of grain size, temperature, frequency, and DC bias. Films with a grain size of 0.2 mum showed ferroelectric properties similar to bulk BaTiO(3).