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[Why must we integrate carbon footprint in our prescriptions? The example of inhaler prescribing]. Rev Med Interne 2022; 43:693-695. [PMID: 36344322 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.10.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Actions de développement durable au sein d’un service de médecine interne. Rev Med Interne 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Caractéristiques et évolution des vascularites associées aux ANCA induites par les antithyroïdiens de synthèse comparativement aux formes primitives : étude rétrospective multicentrique. Rev Med Interne 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A new nucleosomic-based model to identify and diagnose SSc-ILD. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:124. [PMID: 32807242 PMCID: PMC7430109 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease associated with rapid evolving interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), driving its mortality. Specific biomarkers associated with the evolution of the lung disease are highly needed. We aimed to identify specific biomarkers of SSc-ILD to predict the evolution of the disease. Nucleosomes are stable DNA/protein complexes that are shed into the blood stream making them ideal candidates for biomarkers. METHODS We studied circulating cell-free nucleosomes (cf-nucleosomes) in SSc patients, 31 with ILD (SSc-ILD) and 67 without ILD. We analyzed plasma levels for cf-nucleosomes and investigated whether global circulating nucleosome levels in association with or without other biomarkers of interest for systemic sclerosis or lung fibrosis (e.g., serum growth factors: IGFBP-1 and the MMP enzyme: MMP-9), could be suitable potential biomarkers for the correct identification of SSc-ILD disease. RESULTS We found that H3.1 nucleosome levels were significantly higher in patients with SSc-ILD compared SSc patients without ILD (p < 0.05) and levels of MMP-9 were significantly increased in patients with SSc-ILD compared to SSc patients without ILD (p < 0.05). Conversely, IGFBP-1 was significantly reduced in patients with SSc-ILD compared to SSc without ILD (p < 0.001). The combination of cf-nucleosomes H3.1 coupled to MMP-9 and IGFBP-1 increased the sensitivity for the differential detection of SSc-ILD. High levels of accuracy were reached with this combined model: its performances are strong with 68.4% of positive predictive value and 77.2% of negative predictive value for 90% of specificity. With our model, we identified a significant negative correlation with FVC % pred (r = -0.22) and TLC % pred (r = -0.31). The value of our model at T1 (baseline) has a predictive power over the Rodnan score at T2 (after 6-18 months), showed by a significant linear regression with R2 = 19% (p = 0.013). We identified in the sole group of SSc-ILD patients a significant linear regression with a R2 = 54.4% with the variation of DLCO between T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our study, we identified a new blood-based model with nucleosomic biomarker in order to diagnose SSc-ILD in a SSc cohort. This model is correlated with TLC and FVC at baseline and predictive of the skin evolution and the DLCO. Further longitudinal exploration studies should be performed in order to evaluate the potential of such diagnostic and predictive model.
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Phase I/IIa study of concomitant radiotherapy with olaparib and temozolomide in unresectable high-grade gliomas patients: OLA-TMZ-RTE-01. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy273.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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First report of human infection due to Streptococcus devriesei. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 15:72-73. [PMID: 28053705 PMCID: PMC5198732 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, Streptococcus devriesei, which belongs to the mutans streptococci group, has been incriminated in the formation of caries in Equidae. We report the first human infection due to this species in a 54-year-old man with gangrenous cholecystitis. The patient was treated successfully by cholecystectomy and ceftriaxone.
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Three-color crystal digital PCR. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2016; 10:34-46. [PMID: 27990348 PMCID: PMC5154636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Digital PCR is an exciting new field for molecular analysis, allowing unprecedented precision in the quantification of nucleic acids, as well as the fine discrimination of rare molecular events in complex samples. We here present a novel technology for digital PCR, Crystal Digital PCR™, which relies on the use of a single chip to partition samples into 2D droplet arrays, which are then subjected to thermal cycling and finally read using a three-color fluorescence scanning device. This novel technology thus allows three-color multiplexing, which entails a different approach to data analysis. In the present publication, we present this innovative workflow, which is both fast and user-friendly, and discuss associated data analysis issue, such as fluorescence spillover compensation and data representation. Lastly, we also present proof-of-concept of this three-color detection system, using a quadriplex assay for the detection of EGFR mutations L858R, L861Q and T790M.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular involvement is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) blood level and exercise echocardiography to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events in SSc. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 65 patients with SSc (age 54±14 years, 30% female) followed in CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium. All patients underwent graded semi-supine exercise echocardiography. Both baseline resting pulmonary hypertension (PH) and PH during follow-up (FUPH) were defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP)>35 mmHg, and exercise-induced PH (EIPH) as sPAP>50 mmHg during exercise. RESULTS EIPH was present in 21 patients. During FU (27±18 months), 13 patients developed FUPH and 9 presented cardiovascular complications. Patients with cardiovascular events were significantly older (63±14 vs 52±13 years; P=0.03), presented more frequently NVC grade>2 (89 vs 43%; P=0.009), had higher resting and exercise sPAP (30±6 vs 24±6; P=0.007 and 57±13 vs 44±13 vs mmHg; P=0.01, respectively), and higher BNP blood level (112±106 vs 26±19 pg/ml; P=0.0001). After adjustment for age and gender, NVC grade>2 (ß=2.4±1.1; P=0.03), EIPH (ß=2.30±1.13; P=0.04), FUPH (ß=0.24±0.09; P=0.01 and ß=3.52±1.16; P=0.002, respectively;) and BNP (ß=0.08±0.04; P=0.02) were independent predictors of CV events. Beyond age, an incremental value of EIPH, BNP and NVC grade>2 was predictive of cardiovascular events (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Cardiovascular complications are not rare in SSc (18%). NVC, BNP blood level assessment and exercise echocardiography could be useful tools to identify patients at risk of SSc.
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Prediction of new onset of resting pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 109:268-77. [PMID: 26898632 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is crucial in systemic scleroderma. However, predictors of new onset of resting PH during follow-up (FUPH) have been poorly explored. AIM To determine whether nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) grade and exercise echocardiographic variables are predictors of FUPH. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 40 patients with systemic sclerosis (age 54±13 years; 68% women). All patients underwent graded semisupine exercise echocardiography and NVC. Baseline resting PH and FUPH were defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP)>35 mmHg, and exercise-induced PH (EIPH) as exercise sPAP>50 mmHg. RESULTS Seventeen patients developed EIPH (43%). During follow-up (FU) (25±15 months), 11 patients without baseline PH developed FUPH (28%), all from the EIPH group. Patients with FUPH were significantly older (60±14 vs 50±12 years; P=0.04), had higher resting and exercise sPAP (30±4 vs 22±5 and 60±12 vs 40±11 mmHg, respectively; P<0.0001) and a higher exercise E/e' ratio (9.4±0.7 vs 5.8±0.4; P=0.0003) and presented more frequently NVC grade>2 (90% vs 35%; P=0.0009). After adjustment for age, resting sPAP, exercise sPAP and NVC grade>2 were associated with maximal resting sPAP during follow-up and FUPH (P<0.05). Patients with both EIPH and NVC grade>2 had a very high incidence of FUPH (82%), and both variables remained strongly associated with FUPH after adjustment for age (hazard ratio 11.6, 95% confidence interval 2.4-55.3; P=0.002). CONCLUSION Exercise echocardiography and NVC can identify a subgroup of patients with systemic sclerosis who are at risk of developing FUPH.
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Health Care Services as a Setting for Health Promotion: Health promotion in palliative care. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv169.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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[Acute and overuse injuries in soccer - what about the evidence level?]. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2014; 28:193-198. [PMID: 25423199 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Over the last years, several studies on harmful events (h. e.) in soccer have been published. The aim was to develop a ranking of these studies according to their evidence, and to analyse the data with respect to the number of study participants, athletes' status, gender distribution, and genesis of harmful events in soccer. METHODS Between 1976 and 2011, the data bases MEDLINE, EBMR, and SPOTLIT were scanned by the keywords/combinations: soccer, acute injuries, overuse injuries, training, and match. In doing so, 644 initially potential relevant articles were found. On the basis of the QUORUM standard, 78 potentially relevant articles were filtered out, and an EVIDENCE BASED LEVEL (EBL) was assigned. The results were rated according to importance and shown descriptively, because the heterogeneity of the study inhibited meta-analytical evaluation. RESULTS 23 % of the publications could be assigned to EBL 2a - 2c, 27 % to EBL 3a and 3b, and 50 % to EBL 4 and 5. The studies comprised altogether 22 294 male and 2375 female athletes; 87 % of the male and 29 % of the female were professional athletes. 7 usable publications with a total of 8011 h. e. in men and 6 publications with 1055 h. e. in women dealt with contact/non-contact genesis of h. e.. 46 % male (72 % female) athletes suffered from h. e. caused by contact events, and 54 % male (28 % female) athletes suffered from h. e. caused by non-contact events. The distribution of acute and overuse injuries was analysed in 9969 h. e. in men (11 publications), and in 624 h. e. in women (5 publications). On average, the number of acute injuries (90 % male, 86 % female) was much higher than that of overuse injuries. The prevalence of h. e. with respect to training or match playing was analysed in 11 studies with 10 078 h. e. in men, and in 4 studies with 546 harmful events in women. 35 % of men's h. e. occurred during training and 65 % during matches, whereas 60 % of the women's h. e. occurred during training and 40 % during matches. CONCLUSION The number of athletes included in the studies is quite low in relation to the number of active athletes. Studies of professional athletes are over-represented. Independent of gender, there are more acute injuries than overuse injuries, whereas the distribution of harmful events with respect to genesis and occurrence during training and match is gender-specific. The studies' evidence level is quite low in relation to the socio-economic significance of this kind of sport; the studies' evidence is higher for women.
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Determinants of exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:373-9. [PMID: 24684997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (EIPH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has already been observed but its determinants remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the determinants of EIPH in SSc. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 63 patients with SSc (age 54±3years, 76% female) followed in CHU Sart-Tilman in Liège. All patients underwent graded semi-supine exercise echocardiography. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) was derived from the peak velocity of the tricuspid regurgitation jet and adding the estimation of right atrial pressure, both at rest and during exercise. Resting pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) was defined as sPAP > 35 mmHg and EIPH as sPAP > 50 mmHg during exercise. The following formulas were used: mean PAP (mPAP) = 0.61 × sPAP + 2, left atrial pressure (LAP)=1.9+1.24 × left ventricular (LV) E/e' and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)=(mPAP-LAP)/LV cardiac output (CO) and slope of mPAP-LVCO relationship=changes in mPAP/changes in LVCO. Resting PH was present in 3 patients (7%) and 21 patients developed EIPH (47%). Patients with EIPH had higher resting LAP (10.3 ± 2.2 versus 8.8 ± 2.3 mmHg; p = 0.03), resting PVR (2.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 1.1 Woods units; p=0.004), exercise LAP (13.3 ± 2.3 vs. 9 ± 1.7 mmHg; p < 0.0001), exercise PVR (3.6 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9 Woods units; p = 0.02) and slope of mPAP-LVCO (5.8 ± 2.4 vs. 2.9 ± 2.1 mmHg/L/min; p < 0.0001). After adjustment for age and gender, exercise LAP (β=3.1 ± 0.8; p=0.001) and exercise PVR (β=7.9 ± 1.7; p=0.0001) were independent determinants of exercise sPAP. CONCLUSION EIPH is frequent in SSc patients and is mainly related to both increased exercise LV filling pressure and exercise PVR.
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Moderated Posters session * Insights into the use of contrast stress echocardiography and 3D strain: 14/12/2013, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Moderated Poster area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Determination of the charge mobility in organic photoconductors by a new method—theoretical study and experimental results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418639608240329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ubiquitin is required for sorting to the vacuole of the yeast general amino acid permease, Gap1. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43949-57. [PMID: 11500494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, ubiquitin plays a central role in proteolysis of a multitude of proteins and serves also as a signal for endocytosis of many plasma membrane proteins. We showed previously that ubiquitination of the general amino acid permease (Gap1) is essential to its endocytosis followed by vacuolar degradation. These processes occur when NH(4)(+), a preferential source of nitrogen, is added to cells growing on proline or urea, i.e. less favored nitrogen sources. In this study, we show that Gap1 is ubiquitinated on two lysine residues in the cytosolic N terminus (positions 9 and 16). A mutant Gap1 in which both lysines are mutated (Gap1(K9K16)) remains fully stable at the plasma membrane after NH(4)(+) addition. Furthermore, each of the two lysines harbors a poly-ubiquitin chain in which ubiquitin is linked to the lysine 63 of the preceding ubiquitin. The Gap1(K9) and Gap1(K16) mutants, in which a single lysine is mutated, are down-regulated in response to NH(4)(+) although more slowly. In proline-grown cells lacking Npr1, a protein kinase involved in the control of Gap1 trafficking, newly synthesized Gap1 is sorted from the Golgi to the vacuole without passing through the plasma membrane (accompanying article, De Craene, J.-O., Soetens, O., and André, B. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 43939-43948). We show here that ubiquitination of Gap1 is also required for this direct sorting to the vacuole. In an npr1Delta mutant, neosynthesized Gap1(K9K16) is rerouted to and accumulates at the plasma membrane. Finally, Bul1 and Bul2, two proteins interacting with Npi1/Rsp5, are essential to ubiquitination and down-regulation of cell-surface Gap1, as well as to sorting of neosynthesized Gap1 to the vacuole, as occurs in an npr1Delta mutant. Our results reveal a novel role of ubiquitin in the control of Gap1 trafficking, i.e. direct sorting from the late secretory pathway to the vacuole. This result reinforces the growing evidence that ubiquitin plays an important role not only in internalization of plasma membrane proteins but also in their sorting in the endosomes and/or trans-Golgi.
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Abstract
Membrane trafficking of the general amino acid permease (Gap1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is under nitrogen regulation. In cells growing on proline or urea as the sole nitrogen source, newly synthesized Gap1 is delivered to the plasma membrane, where it accumulates. Upon addition of NH(4)(+), a preferential nitrogen source, Gap1 is endocytosed and targeted to the vacuole, where it is degraded. This down-regulation requires ubiquitination of the permease, and this ubiquitination is dependent on the essential Npi1/Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we investigated the role of the Npr1 kinase in the regulation of Gap1 trafficking. We show that Npr1 is required for stabilization of Gap1 at the plasma membrane: when an npr1(ts) mutant growing on proline is shifted to the restrictive temperature, Gap1 down-regulation is triggered, as it is when NH(4)(+) is added to wild-type cells. The fate of newly synthesized Gap1 en route to the plasma membrane is also under Npr1 control: in an npr1Delta mutant, neosynthesized Gap1 is sorted from the Golgi to the vacuole without passing via the plasma membrane. Similar direct sorting of neosynthesized Gap1 to the vacuole was observed in wild-type cells grown on NH(4)(+). Finally, Gap1 is phosphorylated in NPR1 cells, but this phosphorylation is not strictly dependent on Npr1. Our results show that Npr1 kinase plays a central role in the physiological control of Gap1 trafficking and that this control is exerted not only on Gap1 present at the plasma membrane but also on Gap1 late in the secretory pathway. Npr1 belongs to a subgroup of protein kinases, some of which are reported to exert a positive control on the activity of other permeases. We propose that these kinases also function as regulators of permease trafficking.
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Synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels are increased in inflammatory arthritides whether erosive or not. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000; 39:1357-65. [PMID: 11136879 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/39.12.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in the knee synovial fluid (SF) of inflammatory arthropathies (rheumatoid arthritis whether erosive or not, reactive arthritis, acute crystal arthritis) and degenerative arthropathies [chronic crystal disease, osteoarthritis and (control) meniscus pathology] and to correlate them with the degree of joint destruction, local inflammatory and immune parameters and systemic markers of inflammation. METHODS SF levels of MMP-3 (precursor, active and tissue inhibitor of MMP-bound forms), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, soluble TNF receptors I and II, interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor were measured by ELISA in 107 inflammatory and 53 degenerative arthropathies. RESULTS MMP-3 levels in SF were (i) significantly higher in inflammatory than in degenerative arthropathies; (ii) not related to the degree of joint destruction; (iii) significantly correlated with the levels of all SF markers tested and with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION Increased MMP-3 levels in SF are found in inflammatory arthropathies and are not specific for erosive joint diseases. MMP-3 in SF is therefore a potential candidate for the assessment of the inflammatory process in joints. However, the exclusive determination of the active form could indicate the degree of joint destruction.
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Increased synovial fluid levels of soluble CD23 are associated with an erosive status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 120:194-9. [PMID: 10759783 PMCID: PMC1905611 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid (SF) levels of soluble CD23 (sCD23) were determined in 96 patients presenting with an inflammatory knee effusion (73 with RA and 23 with reactive arthritis (ReA) serving as a control inflammatory non-erosive group) and were correlated with the degree of joint destruction, with local immune parameters (IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and sCD25) and with serum markers of inflammation, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. RA patients, classified as erosive or not according to Larsen's grade, were separated as follows: (i) 13 patients with non-erosive RA; (ii) 16 RA patients with erosions in hands but not in knees, matched for disease duration with the first group; (iii) 44 RA patients with hand and knee erosions, matched with the second group for rheumatoid factor positivity but of longer disease duration. SF sCD23 levels were significantly increased in both erosive RA groups compared with non-erosive diseases, whether RA or ReA (P < 0.05), whose SF levels were not different. SF IL-10 showed a similar profile to that of SF sCD23 and was the only other parameter characteristic of erosive RA, but no direct correlation was found between the two. SF sCD23 was significantly correlated with IL-12 (r = 0.65, P = 0.0001) and sCD25 (r = 0.39, P = 0.0019) exclusively in the two erosive RA populations. In conclusion, these data showing that increased levels of sCD23 are not only found in the SF of erosive joints but also in knee SF of patients with erosive RA but without knee x-ray-diagnosed erosions suggest that this parameter might be of predictive value for joint destruction. Longitudinal studies are however needed to confirm its potential clinical interest.
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Matrix metalloproteinase-3 serum levels are correlated with disease activity and predict clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000; 27:888-93. [PMID: 10782811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is a variable associated with disease activity and with the response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Serum MMP-3 levels were measured and compared to biological and clinical disease activity variables in 20 patients with active RA assessed serially during a one year prospective open label trial with methotrexate or tenidap. RESULTS MMP-3 levels were significantly correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 serum levels as well as with the disease activity score (DAS), not only at start in untreated patients but also during the 12 month followup period in both treated groups. Early changes (after 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 months) in MMP-3 levels were significantly associated with change in DAS observed 4 to 6 months later. CONCLUSION In addition to CRP, a systemic marker of inflammation, serum MMP-3 may serve as a consistent synovial derived marker of RA disease activity, early changes of which predict disease outcome.
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Abstract
The functions of many open reading frames (ORFs) identified in genome-sequencing projects are unknown. New, whole-genome approaches are required to systematically determine their function. A total of 6925 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed, by a high-throughput strategy, each with a precise deletion of one of 2026 ORFs (more than one-third of the ORFs in the genome). Of the deleted ORFs, 17 percent were essential for viability in rich medium. The phenotypes of more than 500 deletion strains were assayed in parallel. Of the deletion strains, 40 percent showed quantitative growth defects in either rich or minimal medium.
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Abstract
Ammonium is a nitrogen source supporting growth of yeast cells at an optimal rate. We recently reported the first characterization of an NH4+ transport protein (Mep1p) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the characterization of two additional NH4+ transporters, Mep2p and Mep3p, both of which are highly similar to Mep1p. The Mep2 protein displays the highest affinity for NH4+ (Km, 1 to 2 microM), followed closely by Mep1p (Km, 5 to 10 microM) and finally by Mep3p, whose affinity is much lower (Km, approximately 1.4 to 2.1 mM). A strain lacking all three MEP genes cannot grow on media containing less than 5 mM NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source, while the presence of individual NH4+ transporters enables growth on these media. Yet, the three Mep proteins are not essential for growth on NH4+ at high concentrations (>20 mM). Feeding experiments further indicate that the Mep transporters are also required to retain NH4+ inside cells during growth on at least some nitrogen sources other than NH4+. The MEP genes are subject to nitrogen control. In the presence of a good nitrogen source, all three MEP genes are repressed. On a poor nitrogen source, MEP2 expression is much higher than MEP1 and MEP3 expression. High-level MEP2 transcription requires at least one of the two GATA family factors Gln3p and Nil1p, which are involved in transcriptional activation of many other nitrogen-regulated genes. In contrast, expression of either MEP1 or MEP3 requires only Gln3p and is unexpectedly down-regulated in a Nil1p-dependent manner. Analysis of databases suggests that families of NH4+ transporters exist in other organisms as well.
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The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Nature 1997; 387:75-8. [PMID: 9169867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The complete DNA sequence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV has been determined. Apart from chromosome XII, which contains the 1-2 Mb rDNA cluster, chromosome IV is the longest S. cerevisiae chromosome. It was split into three parts, which were sequenced by a consortium from the European Community, the Sanger Centre, and groups from St Louis and Stanford in the United States. The sequence of 1,531,974 base pairs contains 796 predicted or known genes, 318 (39.9%) of which have been previously identified. Of the 478 new genes, 225 (28.3%) are homologous to previously identified genes and 253 (32%) have unknown functions or correspond to spurious open reading frames (ORFs). On average there is one gene approximately every two kilobases. Superimposed on alternating regional variations in G+C composition, there is a large central domain with a lower G+C content that contains all the yeast transposon (Ty) elements and most of the tRNA genes. Chromosome IV shares with chromosomes II, V, XII, XIII and XV some long clustered duplications which partly explain its origin.
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Ubiquitination mediated by the Npi1p/Rsp5p ubiquitin-protein ligase is required for endocytosis of the yeast uracil permease. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:10946-52. [PMID: 8631913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.18.10946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uracil uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by the FUR4-encoded uracil permease. This permease undergoes endocytosis and subsequent degradation in cells subjected to adverse conditions. The data presented here show that uracil permease also undergoes basal turnover under normal growth conditions. Both basal and induced turnover depend on the essential Npi1p/Rsp5p ubiquitin-protein ligase. Epitope-tagged ubiquitin variants have been used to show that uracil permease is ubiquitinated in vivo. The ubiquitin-permease conjugates that are readily demonstrated in wild type cells were barely detectable in npi1 mutant cells, indicating that uracil permease may be a physiological substrate of the Npi1p ubiquitin ligase. The lack of ubiquitination of the permease in npi1 cells resulted in an increase in active, i.e. plasma membrane-located, permease, suggesting that there is a direct relationship between ubiquitination and removal of the permease from the plasma membrane. The accumulation of ubiquitin-permease conjugates in thermosensitive act1 mutant cells, deficient in the internalization step of endocytosis is consistent with this idea. On the other hand, the degradation of uracil permease does not require a functional proteasome since the permease was not stabilized in either pre1 pre2 or cim3 and cim5 mutant cells that have impaired catalytic (pre) or regulatory (cim) proteasome subunits. In contrast, both basal and stress-stimulated turnover rates were greatly reduced in pep4 mutant cells having defective vacuolar protease activities. We therefore propose that ubiquitination of uracil permease acts as a signal for endocytosis of the protein that is subsequently degraded in the vacuole.
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Abstract
All eukaryotic cells contain a wide variety of proteins embedded in the plasma and internal membranes, which ensure transmembrane solute transport. It is now established that a large proportion of these transport proteins can be grouped into families apparently conserved throughout organisms. This article presents the data of an in silicio analysis aimed at establishing a preliminary classification of membrane transport proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This analysis was conducted at a time when about 65% of all yeast genes were available in public databases. In addition to approximately 60 transport proteins whose function was at least partially known, approximately 100 deduced protein sequences of unknown function display significant sequence similarity to membrane transport proteins characterized in yeast and/or other organisms. While some protein families have been well characterized by classical genetic experimental approaches, others have largely if not totally escaped characterization. The proteins revealed by this in silicio analysis also include a putative K+ channel, proteins similar to aquaporins of plant and animal origin, proteins similar to Na+-solute symporters, a protein very similar to electroneural cation-chloride cotransporters, and a putative Na+-H+ antiporter. A new research area is anticipated: the functional analysis of many transport proteins whose existence was revealed by genome sequencing.
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Induction of the 4-aminobutyrate and urea-catabolic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specific and common transcriptional regulators. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 187:611-6. [PMID: 2406136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induction of the 4-aminobutyrate-catabolic pathway by 4-aminobutyrate requires two positive regulatory factors, encoded by the UGA3 and the UGA35 genes respectively. In addition to this, expression of one gene of this pathway, namely the UGA4 gene encoding the 4-aminobutyrate-specific permease, is controlled negatively by the product of the UGA43 gene [Vissers, S., André, B., Muyldermans, F. & Grenson, M. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 181, 357-361]. We show here that the products of two of these regulatory genes, UGA35 and UGA43, also control the expression of the genes encoding the urea-catabolic pathway, although the 4-aminobutyrate and urea-catabolic pathways are synthesised under specific conditions and do not share any enzymatic step or metabolite: the UGA35 pathways are synthesised under specific conditions and do not share any enzymatic step or metabolite: the UGA35 gene is shown to be identical to the DURL gene which was previously identified as a positive regulatory factor of the urea-catabolic pathway; the UGA43 gene product is shown to behave like a negative regulatory factor of this pathway. In contrast to UGA35/DURL and UGA43, the positive regulatory factors encoded by the UGA3 gene and the previously identified DURM gene specifically control 4-aminobutyrate and urea catabolisms respectively. Northern hybridization experiments suggest that the UGA35/DURL and UGA43 common regulatory factors act at the transcriptional level. Our results show that the expression of two biochemically distinct nitrogenous catabolisms, as triggered by their respective inducers, seems to involve multiple regulatory factors, some of which are common to the two catabolic pathways.
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Determination of the X-ray planes and anatomical landmarks for the clinical tridimensional reconstruction of the scoliotic spine. J Biomech 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(90)90267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Positive and negative regulatory elements control the expression of the UGA4 gene coding for the inducible 4-aminobutyric-acid-specific permease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 181:357-61. [PMID: 2653828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pathway of 4-aminobutyric acid catabolism, for use as a nitrogen source, involves a specific permease (encoded by the UGA4 gene) and two enzymes (encoded by the UGA1 and UGA2 genes, respectively). The synthesis of these proteins is induced by 4-aminobutyrate. It also requires the product of the UGA3 gene. Here, we describe four additional regulatory mutations which provide evidence for the existence of both positive and negative regulatory elements which control the final expression of the UGA4 gene. Some of them simultaneously control the expression of the UGA1 and UGA2 genes. Three classes of mutant with a constitutive 4-aminobutyrate-specific permease have been isolated. (a) Recessive mutations in the UGA43 gene suggest that the product of the UGA43 gene behaves like a trans-acting negative regulator of UGA4 gene expression. (b) The semi-dominant mutation (uga11), closely linked to the UGA4 gene, might affect the receptor of the UGA43 gene product. In these two classes of mutant, only the permease is constitutive. (3) The uga81 mutation, closely linked to the UGA3 gene, makes the whole UGA regulon constitutive. On the other hand, recessive mutations at the UGA35 gene locus lead to non-inducibility of the UGA regulon. Hence the UGA35 gene product behaves like a second trans-acting positive regulator in addition to UGA3.
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