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Infante M, Ricordi C, Baidal DA, Alejandro R, Lanzoni G, Sears B, Caprio M, Fabbri A. VITAL study: an incomplete picture? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:3142-3147. [PMID: 31002167 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201904_17599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Infante
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) and Clinical Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Sears B, Ricordi C. Role of fatty acids and polyphenols in inflammatory gene transcription and their impact on obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:1137-1154. [PMID: 23047497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes represent multi-factorial conditions resulting from improper balances of hormones and gene expression. In addition, these conditions have a strong inflammatory component that can potentially be impacted by the diet. The purpose of this review is to discuss the molecular targets that can be addressed by anti-inflammatory nutrition. These molecular targets range from reduction of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids that can alter hormonal signaling cascades to the modulation of the innate immune system, via toll-like receptors and gene transcription factors. Working knowledge of the impact of nutrients, especially dietary fatty acids and polyphenols, on these various molecular targets makes it possible to develop a general outline of an anti-inflammatory diet that offers a unique, non-pharmacological approach for treating obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sears
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Marblehead, MA, USA.
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:111102. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.80.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.79.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. Phys Rev Lett 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.77.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott B, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bastarrika M, Bayer K, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn K, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks A, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Cao J, Cardenas L, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt T, Coyne D, Creighton JDE, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Dalrymple J, Danzmann K, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Degree M, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dupuis RJ, Dwyer JG, Echols C, Effler A, Ehrens P, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Fotopoulos N, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke T, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli J, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin L, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry G, Harstad E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Hennessy M, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, Kim C, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu RK, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Lam PK, Landry M, Lang MM, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leindecker N, Leonhardt V, Leonor I, Libbrecht K, Lin H, Lindquist P, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin I, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Meier T, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty S, Moreno G, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray P, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perreca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab F, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rodriguez A, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie J, Route R, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Samidi M, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strom DM, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Tyler W, Ugolini D, Ulmen J, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys M, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward R, Weinert M, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker M, Zweizig J, Barthelmy S, Gehrels N, Hurley KC, Palmer D. Search for gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma repeaters. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:211102. [PMID: 19113401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with soft gamma ray repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10;{45} and 9x10;{52} erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Hupfer H, Swiatek M, Hornung S, Herrmann RG, Maier RM, Chiu WL, Sears B. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Oenothera elata plastid chromosome, representing plastome I of the five distinguishable Euoenothera plastomes. Mol Genet Genomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Sears B. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets that restrict potassium-rich fruits and vegetables promote calciuria. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17:1820-1. [PMID: 17019517 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abbott B, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Agresti J, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen J, Amin R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Araya M, Armandula H, Ashley M, Aulbert C, Babak S, Balasubramanian R, Ballmer S, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barton MA, Bayer K, Belczynski K, Betzwieser J, Bhawal B, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Black E, Blackburn K, Blackburn L, Bland B, Bogue L, Bork R, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brown DA, Buonanno A, Busby D, Butler WE, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Cardenas L, Carter K, Casey MM, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chen Y, Chin D, Christensen N, Cokelaer T, Colacino CN, Coldwell R, Cook D, Corbitt T, Coyne D, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Dalrymple J, D'Ambrosio E, Danzmann K, Davies G, DeBra D, Dergachev V, Desai S, DeSalvo R, Dhurandar S, Díaz M, Di Credico A, Drever RWP, Dupuis RJ, Ehrens P, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Finn LS, Franzen KY, Frey RE, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Ganezer KS, Garofoli J, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Goda K, Goggin L, González G, Gray C, Gretarsson AM, Grimmett D, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson R, Hamilton WO, Hanna C, Hanson J, Hardham C, Harry G, Heefner J, Heng IS, Hewitson M, Hindman N, Hoang P, Hough J, Hua W, Ito M, Itoh Y, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones L, Kalogera V, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kells W, Khan A, Kim C, King P, Klimenko S, Koranda S, Kozak D, Krishnan B, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Libbrecht K, Lindquist P, Liu S, Lormand M, Lubinski M, Lück H, Luna M, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Malec M, Mandic V, Marka S, Maros E, Mason K, Matone L, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McHugh M, McNabb JWC, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messaritaki E, Messenger C, Mikhailov E, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Mohanty S, Moreno G, Mossavi K, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nocera F, Noel JS, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Parameswariah C, Pedraza M, Penn S, Pitkin M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab F, Radkins H, Rahkola R, Rakhmanov M, Rawlins K, Ray-Majumder S, Re V, Regimbau T, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson DI, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Roddy S, Rodriguez A, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie J, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sandberg V, Sanders GH, Sannibale V, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Sazonov A, Schilling R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott SM, Seader SE, Searle AC, Sears B, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sintes AM, Smith J, Smith MR, Spjeld O, Strain KA, Strom DM, Stuver A, Summerscales T, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Tyler W, Ugolini D, Ungarelli C, Vallisneri M, van Putten M, Vass S, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward R, Watts K, Webber D, Weiland U, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wiley S, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Willke B, Wilson A, Winkler W, Wise S, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Woods D, Wooley R, Worden J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang L, Zotov N, Zucker M, Zweizig J. Upper limits on a stochastic background of gravitational waves. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:221101. [PMID: 16384203 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory has performed a third science run with much improved sensitivities of all three interferometers. We present an analysis of approximately 200 hours of data acquired during this run, used to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. We place upper bounds on the energy density stored as gravitational radiation for three different spectral power laws. For the flat spectrum, our limit of omega0 < 8.4 x 10(-4) in the 69-156 Hz band is approximately 10(5) times lower than the previous result in this frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott B, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ageev A, Allen B, Amin R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Araya M, Armandula H, Ashley M, Asiri F, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Balasubramanian R, Ballmer S, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barnes M, Barr B, Barton MA, Bayer K, Beausoleil R, Belczynski K, Bennett R, Berukoff SJ, Betzwieser J, Bhawal B, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Black E, Blackburn K, Blackburn L, Bland B, Bochner B, Bogue L, Bork R, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brown DA, Bullington A, Bunkowski A, Buonanno A, Burgess R, Busby D, Butler WE, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cantley CA, Cardenas L, Carter K, Casey MM, Castiglione J, Chandler A, Chapsky J, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Chickarmane V, Chin D, Christensen N, Churches D, Cokelaer T, Colacino C, Coldwell R, Coles M, Cook D, Corbitt T, Coyne D, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Crooks DRM, Csatorday P, Cusack BJ, Cutler C, D'Ambrosio E, Danzmann K, Daw E, DeBra D, Delker T, Dergachev V, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Di Credico A, Díaz M, Ding H, Drever RWP, Dupuis RJ, Edlund JA, Ehrens P, Elliffe EJ, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Fallnich C, Farnham D, Fejer MM, Findley T, Fine M, Finn LS, Franzen KY, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Ganezer KS, Garofoli J, Giaime JA, Gillespie A, Goda K, González G, Gossler S, Grandclément P, Grant A, Gray C, Gretarsson AM, Grimmett D, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson E, Gustafson R, Hamilton WO, Hammond M, Hanson J, Hardham C, Harms J, Harry G, Hartunian A, Heefner J, Hefetz Y, Heinzel G, Heng IS, Hennessy M, Hepler N, Heptonstall A, Heurs M, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hindman N, Hoang P, Hough J, Hrynevych M, Hua W, Ito M, Itoh Y, Ivanov A, Jennrich O, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Johnston WR, Jones DI, Jones L, Jungwirth D, Kalogera V, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kells W, Kern J, Khan A, Killbourn S, Killow CJ, Kim C, King C, King P, Klimenko S, Koranda S, Kötter K, Kovalik J, Kozak D, Krishnan B, Landry M, Langdale J, Lantz B, Lawrence R, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Libbrecht K, Libson A, Lindquist P, Liu S, Logan J, Lormand M, Lubinski M, Lück H, Lyons TT, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majid W, Malec M, Mann F, Marin A, Márka S, Maros E, Mason J, Mason K, Matherny O, Matone L, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McHugh M, McNabb JWC, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messaritaki E, Messenger C, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyoki S, Mohanty S, Moreno G, Mossavi K, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Murray P, Myers J, Nagano S, Nash T, Nayak R, Newton G, Nocera F, Noel JS, Nutzman P, Olson T, O'Reilly B, Ottaway DJ, Ottewill A, Ouimette D, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Parameswariah C, Pedraza M, Penn S, Pitkin M, Plissi M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab F, Radkins H, Rahkola R, Rakhmanov M, Rao SR, Rawlins K, Ray-Majumder S, Re V, Redding D, Regehr MW, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reilly KT, Reithmaier K, Reitze DH, Richman S, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Rizzi A, Robertson DI, Robertson NA, Robison L, Roddy S, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie J, Rong H, Rose D, Rotthoff E, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Russell P, Ryan K, Salzman I, Sandberg V, Sanders GH, Sannibale V, Sathyaprakash B, Saulson PR, Savage R, Sazonov A, Schilling R, Schlaufman K, Schmidt V, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott SM, Seader SE, Searle AC, Sears B, Seel S, Seifert F, Sengupta AS, Shapiro CA, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Shu QZ, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sievers L, Sigg D, Sintes AM, Smith JR, Smith M, Smith MR, Sneddon PH, Spero R, Stapfer G, Steussy D, Strain KA, Strom D, Stuver A, Summerscales T, Sumner MC, Sutton PJ, Sylvestre J, Takamori A, Tanner DB, Tariq H, Taylor I, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Tibbits M, Tilav S, Tinto M, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Tyler W, Ugolini D, Ungarelli C, Vallisneri M, van Putten M, Vass S, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Wallace L, Walther H, Ward H, Ware B, Watts K, Webber D, Weidner A, Weiland U, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Welling H, Wen L, Wen S, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wiley S, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams PR, Williams R, Willke B, Wilson A, Winjum BJ, Winkler W, Wise S, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yoshida S, Zaleski KD, Zanolin M, Zawischa I, Zhang L, Zhu R, Zotov N, Zucker M, Zweizig J, Kramer M, Lyne AG. Limits on gravitational-wave emission from selected pulsars using LIGO data. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:181103. [PMID: 15904354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.181103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We place direct upper limits on the amplitude of gravitational waves from 28 isolated radio pulsars by a coherent multidetector analysis of the data collected during the second science run of the LIGO interferometric detectors. These are the first direct upper limits for 26 of the 28 pulsars. We use coordinated radio observations for the first time to build radio-guided phase templates for the expected gravitational-wave signals. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set strain upper limits as low as a few times 10(-24). These strain limits translate into limits on the equatorial ellipticities of the pulsars, which are smaller than 10(-5) for the four closest pulsars.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abbott
- LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Williams E, Sears B, Allerhand A, Cordes EH. Segmental motion of amphipathic molecules in aqueous solutions and micelles. Application of natural-abundance carbon-13 partially relaxes Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00796a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baumrucker J, Calzadilla M, Centeno M, Lehrmann G, Lindquist P, Dunham D, Price M, Sears B, Cordes EH. Secondary valence force catalysis. XI. Enhanced reactivity and affinity of cyanide ion toward N-substituted 3-carbamoyl-pyridinium ions elicited by ionic surfactants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100700a036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hupfer H, Swiatek M, Hornung S, Herrmann RG, Maier RM, Chiu WL, Sears B. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Oenothera elata plastid chromosome, representing plastome I of the five distinguishable euoenothera plastomes. Mol Gen Genet 2000; 263:581-5. [PMID: 10852478 DOI: 10.1007/pl00008686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the 159,443-bp [corrected] sequence of the plastid chromosome of Oenothera elata (evening primrose). The Oe. elata plastid chromosome represents type I of the five genetically distinguishable basic plastomes found in the subsection Euoenothera. The genus Oenothera provides an ideal system in which to address fundamental questions regarding the functional integration of the compartmentalised genetic system characteristic of the eukaryotic cell. Its highly developed taxonomy and genetics, together with a favourable combination of features in its genetic structure (interspecific fertility, stable heterozygous progeny, biparental transmission of organelles, and the phenomenon of complex heterozygosity), allow facile exchanges of nuclei, plastids and mitochondria, as well as individual chromosome pairs, between species. The resulting hybrids or cybrids are usually viable and fertile, but can display various forms of developmental disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hupfer
- Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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Sears B. Having sex? Here's how to stay out of jail. New statute spells out disclosure terms. Posit Living 1998; 7:1, 58, 62. [PMID: 12492005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Sears B. Build a diet for life with fat. J Mass Dent Soc 1993; 42:204-205. [PMID: 8040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Curatolo W, Jungalwala FB, Sears B, Tuck L, Neuringer LJ. Deuterium NMR spectroscopy of biosynthetically deuterated mammalian tissues. Biochemistry 1985; 24:4360-4. [PMID: 4052403 DOI: 10.1021/bi00337a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The choline-containing phospholipids of mammalian membranes have been biosynthetically deuterated by raising rats on a diet supplemented with [HOCH2CH2N(CD3)3]+Cl- or [HOCD2CH2N(CH3)3]+Cl-. Deuterium NMR spectra have been obtained from excised deuterated brain, sciatic nerve, heart, and lung, from isolated brain myelin and brain microsomes, and from aqueous dispersions of lipid extracts. Measurements of residual quadrupole splittings for excised deuterated neural tissues demonstrate that the orientational order of the choline head group is similar to that observed in model membranes. The spin-lattice relaxation time of the choline head group in deuterated neural tissue is indistinguishable from that observed in model membranes. These results support the proposal that the conformation and motional dynamics of the choline head groups of the bulk choline-containing lipids of neural tissue are similar to those in model membranes. Spectra of biosynthetically deuterated brain myelin and brain microsomes exhibit similar quadrupole splittings. Since these membranes have significantly different protein contents, these results indicate that no strong polar interactions exist between membrane proteins and the choline head groups of choline-containing membrane lipids. Spectra of intact deuterated heart and lung exhibit broad lines and a range of quadrupole splittings. Due to the heterogeneous nature of these tissues, interpretation is difficult. However, no strong ordering of the lipid head group by protein is indicated.
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Curatolo W, Sears B, Neuringer LJ. A calorimetry and deuterium NMR study of mixed model membranes of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleylphosphatidylcholine and saturated phosphatidylcholines. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985; 817:261-70. [PMID: 4016105 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(85)90027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binary phase diagrams have been constructed from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data for the systems 1-palmitoyl-2-oleylphosphatidylcholine (POPC)/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), POPC/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and POPC/distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC). Mixtures of POPC with DMPC exhibit complete miscibility in the gel and liquid crystalline states. Mixtures of POPC with DPPC or with DSPC exhibit gel phase immiscibility over the composition range 0-75% DPPC (or DSPC). These results, when taken together with previous studies of mixtures of phosphatidylcholines, are consistent with the hypothesis that PCs whose order-disorder transition temperatures (Tm values) differ by less than 33 deg. C exhibit gel state miscibility. Those whose Tm values differ by more than 33 deg. C exhibit gel state immiscibility. 2H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to further study mixed model membranes composed of POPC and DPPC, in which either lipid has been labeled with deuterium in the 2-, 10- or 16-position of the palmitoyl chain(s) or in the N-methyls of the choline head group. POPC/DPPC mixtures in the liquid crystalline state are intermediate in order between pure POPC and DPPC at the same temperature. The POPC palmitoyl chain is always more disordered than the palmitoyl chains of DPPC in liquid crystalline POPC/DPPC mixtures. This is attributed to the fact that a POPC palmitoyl chain is constrained by direct bonding to have at least one oleyl chain among its nearest neighbors, while a DPPC palmitoyl chain must have at least one neighboring palmitoyl chain. When liquid crystalline POPC, DPPC and POPC/DPPC mixtures are compared at a reduced temperature (relative to the acyl chain order-disorder transition), POPC/DPPC mixtures are more disordered than predicted from the behavior of the pure components, in agreement with enthalpy data derived from DSC studies. Within the temperature range of the broad phase transition of 1:1 POPC/DPPC, a superposition of gel and liquid crystalline spectra is observed for 1:1 POPC/[2H]DPPC, while 1:1[2H]POPC/DPPC exhibits only a liquid crystalline spectrum. Thus, at temperatures within the phase transition region, the liquid crystalline phase is POPC-rich and the gel phase is DPPC-rich. Comparison of the liquid crystalline quadrupole splittings within the thermal phase transition range suggests that mixing of the residual liquid crystalline POPC and DPPC is highly non-ideal.
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Stark RE, Manstein JL, Curatolo W, Sears B. Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance studies of bile salt/phosphatidylcholine mixed micelles. Biochemistry 1983; 22:2486-90. [PMID: 6860644 DOI: 10.1021/bi00279a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mixed micelles of deoxycholate (DOC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) have been prepared in which the POPC was specifically deuterated in the 2-, 6-, 10-, or 16-position of the palmitoyl chain or in the N-methyl position of the choline head group. The deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) spectrum of each of these specifically deuterated mixed micelles consists of a singlet whose line width depends upon the position of deuteration. Spin-spin relaxation times indicate a gradient of mobility along the POPC palmitoyl chain in the mixed micelle, with a large increase in mobility on going from the 10- to the 16-position. Spin-lattice relaxation times (T1's) demonstrate a similar gradient of mobility. Both trends in NMR relaxation behavior are consistent with a bilayer arrangement for the solubilized POPC. 2H T1 times for DOC/POPC micelles are significantly shorter than those measured in other bilayer systems, indicating unusually tight phospholipid acyl chain packing in the mixed micelle.
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Mendelsohn R, Dluhy R, Curatolo W, Sears B. Order and fluidity in the terminal methyl region of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine multibilayers: a comparison of Raman and 2H-NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 1982; 30:287-95. [PMID: 6896846 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(82)90023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium magnetic resonance (2H-NMR) and Raman spectroscopy are used to investigate order and fluidity at the terminal methyl position in 16-d3, 16'-d3 dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-choline (16-d6 DPPC) multibilayers. These methods reveal substantial motion and disorder in the gel phase, 5-10 degree C below the gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature (Tm). The phase transition is sensed in the 2H-NMR spectrum as a reduction in the quadrupole splitting from 14 kHz to approximately 3 kHz. In contrast, the Raman parameter used to characterize the CD3 vibrations is quite insensitive to the melting process, although an analagous parameter does sense disordering at Tm at the 10 and 10' position in 10-d2, 10'-d2 DPPC. The difference in the response of the NMR and Raman parameters may arise because the vibrational spectrum of the CD3 group is inhomogeneously broadened and is therefore quite sensitive to alterations in the local environment around the methyl group. In contrast, the NMR quadrupole splitting is sensitive to both local motion of the methyl group and, near Tm, to motions of the CD2 group induced by transgauche isomerizations further up the chain. The difficulties that arise when results from different spectroscopic techniques are compared are demonstrated.
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Abstract
2H-NMR was used to probe the interaction of non-hydroxy fatty acid cerebroside and 2-hydroxy fatty acid cerebroside with the polar head group and with the acyl chains of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in unsonicated bilayers. It is shown that the interior of the bilayer exhibits uniformly increasing orientational order as the concentration of both types of cerebroside increases, whereas the surface of the bilayer, as reflected by the head group motion, becomes disordered. The extent of the disorder at the surface is dependent upon the type and concentration of the cerebroside. These results are discussed in terms of hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Curatolo W, Shipley GG, Small DM, Sears B, Neuringer LJ. Effect of lectin-induced agglutination on carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance line width in sonicated phospholipid/glycolipid vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 1977; 99:6771-2. [PMID: 893908 DOI: 10.1021/ja00462a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sears B, Deckelbaum RJ, Janiak MJ, Shipley GG, Small DM. Temperature-dependent 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human serum low density lipoproteins. Biochemistry 1976; 15:4151-7. [PMID: 183812 DOI: 10.1021/bi00664a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of human serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) shows significant temperature-dependent changes. These temperature-dependent spectra have been used to monitor changes in the organization of cholesterol esters within the LDL particle. Comparison with 13C NMR spectra of both cholesterol linoleate and an aqueous codispersion of cholesterol linoleate and egg phosphatidylcholine suggests that at low temperatures (10 degrees C), the cholesterol esters in LDL are organized in a smectic-like, liquid-crystalline arrangement. At temperatures above the order-disorder transition exhibited by the cholesterol esters of LDL, the cholesterol esters appear to be partially melted but still are motionally restricted compared with liquid cholesterol esters.
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Sears B, Hutton WC, Thompson TE. Effects of paramagnetic shift reagents on the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of egg phosphatidylcholine enriched with 13C in the N-methyl carbons. Biochemistry 1976; 15:1635-9. [PMID: 178350 DOI: 10.1021/bi00653a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of paramagnetic shift reagents on the 13C NMR spectra obtained from single-walled vesicle dispersions of egg phosphatidylcholine enriched with 13C in the N-methyl carbons are investigated. Spectra obtained at 25.1 MHz show that, at Yb3+ to phospholipid molar ratios as low as 0.06, complete resolution of the N-methyl carbon resonances is obtained from molecules on the inner and outer faces of the vesicle bilayer. No precipitation of the vesicles is caused by Yb3+ at these concentrations nor is appreciable line broadening observed. Other paramagnetic shift reagents frequently used in proton NMR investigations of phosphatidylcholine vesicles do not give complete separation of the N-methyl 13C signals from the two bilayer surfaces. K3Fe(CN)b,Eu3+, and Pr3+ cause precipitation of the phosphatidylcholine vesicles at concentrations, which give only incomplete resolution of these signals. T1 measurements of the resonances separated by Yb3+ indicate that the choline groups on the inner bilayer surface are less mobile than are the same groups in the outer surface. Gated proton decoupling measurements, which show that the nuclear Overhauser effect is 2.8 +/- 0.1, indicate that the dominant mode of relaxation is dipolar interaction.
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Abstract
Spin lattice relaxation times (T1) and apparent spin-spin relaxation times (T2) derived from linewidth have been used to investigate model membranes composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. T1 measurements appear to be largely dominated by segmental motion and as a consequence are not very sensitive to small changes in membrane structure. On the contrary, apparent T2 times are shown to be sensitive to such changes in the membrane and are thus suggested as a useful tool for further investigation of membrane structure.
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Sears B, Hutton WC, Thompson TE. 13C NMR studies on bilayers formed from synthetic di-10-methyl-stearoyl phosphatidylcholine enriched with 13C in the N-methyl carbons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 60:1141-7. [PMID: 4429566 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Baumrucker J, Calzadilla M, Centeno M, Lehrmann G, Urdaneta M, Lindquist P, Dunham D, Price M, Sears B, Cordes EH. Secondary valence force catalysis. XII. Enhanced reactivity and affinity of cyanide ion toward N-substituted 3-carbamoylpyridinium ions elicited by ionic surfactants and biological lipids. J Am Chem Soc 1972; 94:8164-72. [PMID: 5079963 DOI: 10.1021/ja00778a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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