The importance of a thorough medical and pharmacological history before dental implant placement

The risk of osteonecrosis in patients treated with bisphosphonates is well known and guidelines intended to prevent this complication have been established and accepted. Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is a unique condition in which even past administration of medication may be of current and future relevance. We present a case of BRONJ in the maxilla after dental implant placement. The patient suffered from osteoporosis and had been treated with oral alendronate sodium in the past. However, the medication was stopped two years before implant placement, and the treating dentist was unaware of the patient's past bisphosphonate use. Prevention of BRONJ is based on identifying at-risk patients, and then avoiding or modifying dentoalveolar surgical procedures in these individuals. Nevertheless, there seems to be some difficulties identifying patients at risk. We present some of the challenges that impede thorough assessment of a patient's medical background (review of systems) in the dental office, and suggest possible solutions.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

The authors report a case of a 60 years old Romanian male with peritoneal pseudomyxoma that was discovered to have a primary location in the greater omentum. Pseudomyxoma peritonei arising into the greater omentum is very rare. It is an original case report and the new data represents a well-balanced summary of a timely subject, with reference to the literature. This it is a significantly advance in our understanding of a particular disease etiology. Until now, only a few primary greater omentum pseudomyxoma peritonei have been described. Clinical and pathologic findings of this case are presented and the topic of primary location in the great omentum of pseudomyxoma peritonei was reviewed. Preoperative ultrasound examination showed the presence of an "eyes of net" tumoral-mass formation, in the greater omentum, and a fluid collection was found in the abdomen (Morrison space and the pouch of Douglas). Notwithstanding, diagnosis of pseudomyxoma was preoperatively considered less probable due to the rarity of the affection and the advanced age. During laparotomy, the presence of the large mass observed at the ultrasound examination was revealed. Mucinous ascites was present with invasive mucinous implants in the peritoneum and in the greater omentum. Operation consisted in the total removal of the mass followed by evacuation of the mucinous ascites. Histological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Comparative study between prostatic carcinoma G1-G3 and Gleason grading systems

The need of an accurate and prognostically valuable method for grading the prostatic carcinoma resulted in, in the last decades, a large number of systems, none of them succeeding in being unanimously accepted by the pathologists family. The authors selected and reassessed using Gleason system a group of 221 cases with prostatic adenocarcinoma previously diagnosed using a combined G1-G3 system. The results were converted from Gleason system to G1-G3 system and then compared with the initial diagnostics. The group was divided, following the type of surgical procedure used for drawing the tissue, into three groups: transvesical prostatectomies (TVP), transurethral resections (TUR) and needle biopsies (B). The concordance between the two systems was good, even the number of TUR and B specimens was significant (85% of the studied group) showing that any of them can be successfully used in current practice, depending only on pathologist's experience.

Assessment of Gleason system use on different types of prostatic tissue samples

One of the well-known and accepted methods of prostatic adenocarcinoma grading is Gleason system. The authors made a retrospective analysis of 221 prostatic adenocarcinomas divided into three groups (transvesical prostatectomies, transurethral resections and needle biopsies) following the type of surgical procedure used for drawing the tissue. Gleason scores and comparison between odd and even Gleason scores were assessed in the entire group and in each subgroup. High scores prevailed, meaning a tendency towards a low grade of differentiation. Even scores also prevailed meaning, on one hand, that, often, the examined specimen reveals only one pattern and, on the other hand, that surgical procedures as transurethral resections and unique needle biopsies cannot offer a sufficient material for examination, the multicentricity of prostatic carcinoma being well known.

Osteoarticular tuberculosis--a ten years case review

Extrapulmonary sites of tuberculosis must not be neglected as they are not so rarely fortuitous discovering. The morphological diagnosis of tuberculosis is generally easy to do. However, there are the atypical lesions rising diagnostic difficulties. The authors reviewed the histopathological diagnostic in 19 cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis lesions selected from 390 cases of surgical extrapulmonary granulomatous lesions, using for difficult cases, with atypical lesions, new diagnostic tools as immunohistochemistry and DNA amplification technique by the polymerase chain reaction.

Study of cerebral vascular structures in hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage

AIMS

The study was performed in order to assess the alterations of extra-parenchymal and intraparenchymal vascular structures in 82 hypertensive patients suspected of primary intraparenchymal hematoma, which died and were autopsied in order to confirm the diagnosis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The studied material consisted of nervous tissue situated near and distant from the haemorrhagic lesion. The specimens of nervous tissue were processed by the classical histological technique and stained with the usual stainings and with immunohistochemical stains for basement membranes and endothelial cells.

RESULTS

Extra-parenchymal arteries showed classic lesions of atherosclerosis. Atheromatous lesions were of all types, even the extension towards the media being encountered a complication with thrombosis. At the level of the intraparenchymal blood vessels, the spectrum of the lesions due to arterial hypertension included all steps of vascular wall degeneration, from hypertrophy of smooth muscle layer to complete hyalinization of arterial wall, but with a focal irregular distribution, not related with the proximity of haemorrhagic focus. High arterial blood pressure also influenced the capillary walls which showed focal or circumferential thickening due to the densification of the type IV collagen material from the basement membrane structure. The CD34 immunostaining showed that endothelial cells kept their structural integrity.

CONCLUSIONS

The sequence of degenerative lesions of the cerebral vascular wall culminates with the hyalinization of excessive fibrillar material form arteriolar wall or from basement membranes. Hyalin material is weakening the wall resistance to the stress determined by the high values of blood pressure in hypertension, and, correlated with a minimal resistance of the surrounding cerebral parenchyma, can explain why the cerebral parenchyma is the only tissue in which blood pressure variations can determinate vascular rupture and cerebral haemorrhage. The more adequate term for describing the vascular wall changes seems to be sclerosis (arteriolar and even capillary) with hyalinosis.

Morphoclinical study of intracerebral haemorrhage with intraventricular extension

AIMS

The study is an integrated assessment of clinical, image and morphological parameters in severe intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) complicated with intraventricular extension (IVE).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The studied group had 93 cases of patients with ICH and IVE who were hospitalized in the Emergency County Hospital of Craiova and died during hospitalization. The parameters evaluated were clinical (relation with the seasons, age, sex, arterial blood pressure, the motor deficit, degree of coma, Glasgow score at admission and medical care) and morphological (the sites of the intraparenchymal haematoma and IVE, the size of the intraparenchymal haematoma, the presence of the mass effect, perilesional oedema and subarachnoid effusion). The latter were assessed on CT films and during autopsy.

RESULTS

The presence of IVE as a complication of ICH showed a predilection for cold seasons, especially autumn. From the 93 studied cases 51 were men and 42, women. 52.6% of the patients were in the fifth and sixth life decade. Almost 80% of the patients had IIIrd stage arterial hypertension at admission, over 80% motor deficits and almost 60% Glasgow scores lower than 6. The ventricular effusion involved at least one of the lateral ventricles. The hematomas had huge dimensions as compared to hosting encephalic structures, in lobar sites involving more than one lobe. Other risk factors as mass effect and perilesional oedema were constantly present.

CONCLUSIONS

The association of IVE with other independent risk factors such as hypertension, low Glasgow scores volume of intraventricular bleeding, dimensions of haemorrhagic foci, presence of mass effect and perilesional oedema results in the death of patient despite any sustained therapeutic intervention.

[Elements of gynecology pathology in girls before and during puberty age]

PURPOSE

The annexial pathology in little girls is representing a more and more frequent form of acute and chronic abdomen, especially in girls around the age of puberty with dysfunction of the menstrual cycle correlated with disturbance of growing and the occurrence of secondary sexual characters. If this kind of pathology is frequent in the period of puberty, there are cases diagnosticated at small ages.

MATERIAL & METHODS

The authors are communicating a number of 25 cases with anexial pathology some of them manifesting the symptoms of the acute abdomen (most of them with torsion of the normal or pathological annexes) others having a chronic aspect. The clinical examination correlated with the imagistic investigations were the main elements for the diagnosis.

RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS

The results were good, the follow-up of the patients is including social therapy with the girls and their families, for integration in the family, evaluating the chance of giving birth. The occurrence of some forms of acute abdomen was frequent on a pathologic annexes (malformated annexes), causing sometimes the excision of it, extended to the uterus. The presence of a malign tumour can be related with different malformations, also caused by exposure to some risk factors: radiation, pollution, chemical agriculture, deficitary alimentation, stress etc.).

[Intestinal tuberculosis in children. Differential diagnosis and treatment]

Lately, tuberculosis has became a top priority problem in health all over the world. The actual level of epidemiological indicates of tuberculosis Shaw that Romania is the country that has the most unfavorable situation in Europe except for Bosnia-Herzegovina. Tuberculosis incidence from 1996 to 1997 ranks Dolj county second in Romania from the point of view of the increasing rate (154.3% + 25.4% versus 107% + 4.3%). The National Programme of Controlling Tuberculosis for 1997-2000 has as main object the neutralization of a least 85% of the discovered contamination sources. At the same time with the pulmonary tuberculosis were discovered 17.2% extrapulmonary localizations. The purpose of these works is that of presenting in the frame of extrapulmonary TBC the localization of intestinal TBC with children (peritonitic form with infants and pseudotumoral with child). In class cooperation with the veterinary Medicine Service we have also studied the possibility of same sources of TBC infection of animal origin, knowing the fact that besides the human Koch bacillus were discovered bovine, ovine, poultry sources. Presenting a number of 16 cases of intestinal tuberculosis with children, rare cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, the authors also present 2 cases with children whose differential diagnosis had to be made ou a histopathological base between tuberculosis with an abdominal lymphoma or peritonitic carcinomatosis. The results of the surgical treatment that made the diagnosis with the help of the histopathological examination and the tuberculostatic treatment were very good, the evolution and the control in true of all the patients, proving that intestinal tuberculosis extrapulmonary form with children can be cured.

[Sacrococcygeal teratoma in children. Anatomo-clinical, therapeutic and prognostic considerations]

Presentation of potentially malignant tumours, highly frequently found in children, developed out of embrionary remnants. Study of clinical observation files, iconography resources, histopathological samples and surgical operation notes, corroborated with patient's reexamination several years later. There are presented nine clinic cases of tumours found in newborn, babies and even in young children, with teratome-like structure, that have malignant potential if excised late. Histopathological laboratory tests of the biotic sample are of paramount importance in establishing the structure of the tumour, its malignization abilities and the therapeutical conduct to be adopted. Other useful investigations: radiographs of the vertebral column, abdominal echographs, computerized tomography. Besides sacrococcygian, large and anesthetic, location in newborn, there are presented cases of intra-abdominal teratomes and one case of ovarian teratome. The study also contains a general opinion upon the patients operated on the reexamined several years later.

Histopathologic and immunohistochemic correlations in virus B chronic hepatitis

Complete diagnosis of chronic hepatitis relies on exploring the liver by bipsic punction, performing the classic histopathologic and immunohistochemic exams. We worked out viral antigens hepatocytes by using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique as following: Ag HBs placed in cytoplasm or at the level of the cell membrane. Ag HBc preferably placed in nucleus and, a small part of it, in cytoplasm. Ag HD present especially in nucleus. A correlation between tissular antigen expression and hepatic histopathologic aspect was established. Two main types of viral expression were remarked: a regressive type reflected by cytoplasmatic Ag HBs in the absence of generalised nuclear Ag HBc--situations linked to persistent chronic hepatitis: an aggressive type characterised by the presence of the focal nuclear Ag HBc, cytoplasmatic Ag HBc or antigen HD--situations linked to active chronic hepatitis with various degrees of severity.

[The relationship of the lesions in choroidal benign nevus-malignant melanoma]

The paper presents the case of a 67-year-old female patient with an old posterior choroidal nevus, which has became malignant later. Microscopically, at the periphery of the malignant melanoma, long benign melanic cells are revealed, with nuclei centrally disposed and net cellular limits. The pigmentation of these cells, in parallel sequences of 4-5 rows each, is intense. The external part of the choroid, which has a regular aspect, is continued with B-type malignant cells. Finally, the origin of the malignant melanoma, derived from preexistent nevi, is discussed.

Variations in the activTY OF SOME BRAIN AND PLASMA ENZYMES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF +Gz acceleration

The present paper refers to the activity of some enzymes associated with the cellular cytomembranes in the plasma and brain of guinea pigs exposed to the action of repeated +10Gz acceleration. Immediately after the last run, diminution of enzymatic activity in the brain supernate ran parralel to a rise in plasma enzymatic activity. Variations in enzymatic activity suggested the liberation of enzymes connected with the neuronal organelles, perhaps consequent to alterations in the permeability or structure of the neuronal cytomembranes. These alterations might also be interpreted as being accompanied by permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier, with release of enzymes from the neuronal structures into the plasma. Changes in the permeability of the neuronal membranes might be attributed to several factors: cerebral hypoxia following the hemodynamic and ventilation alterations induced by hypergravitation, the influence upon the membrane permeability of hormones released in excess under the stress of acceleration, and the strain to which the central nervous system neurones are subjected by the multitude of afferent impulses with a starting point in the various types of receptors stimulated by hypergravitation.