1
|
Dual roles for nuclear RNAi Argonautes in Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation. Genetics 2022; 221:6540857. [PMID: 35234908 PMCID: PMC9071528 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dosage compensation involves chromosome-wide gene regulatory mechanisms which impact higher order chromatin structure and are crucial for organismal health. Using a genetic approach, we identified Argonaute genes which promote dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dosage compensation in C. elegans hermaphrodites is initiated by the silencing of xol-1 and subsequent activation of the dosage compensation complex which binds to both hermaphrodite X chromosomes and reduces transcriptional output by half. A hallmark phenotype of dosage compensation mutants is decondensation of the X chromosomes. We characterized this phenotype in Argonaute mutants using X chromosome paint probes and fluorescence microscopy. We found that while nuclear Argonaute mutants hrde-1 and nrde-3, as well as mutants for the piRNA Argonaute prg-1, exhibit derepression of xol-1 transcripts, they also affect X chromosome condensation in a xol-1-independent manner. We also characterized the physiological contribution of Argonaute genes to dosage compensation using genetic assays and found that hrde-1 and nrde-3 contribute to healthy dosage compensation both upstream and downstream of xol-1.
Collapse
|
2
|
Prognostic significance of c-Rel/p50 heterodimer in the tumor microenvironment of uveal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz269.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
3
|
Retinoic Acid Maintains Function of Neural Crest-Derived Ocular and Craniofacial Structures in Adult Zebrafish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:1924-1935. [PMID: 29677354 PMCID: PMC5894920 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinoic acid (RA) is required for embryonic formation of the anterior segment of the eye and craniofacial structures. The present study further investigated the role of RA in maintaining the function of these neural crest–derived structures in adult zebrafish. Methods Morphology and histology were analyzed by using live imaging, methylacrylate sections, and TUNEL assay. Functional analysis of vision and aqueous humor outflow were assayed with real-time imaging. Results Both decreased and increased RA signaling altered craniofacial and ocular structures in adult zebrafish. Exogenous treatment with all-trans RA for 5 days resulted in a prognathic jaw, while inhibition of endogenous RA synthesis through treatment with 4-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) decreased head height. In adult eyes, RA activity was localized to the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, outer plexiform layer, inner plexiform layer, iris stroma, and ventral canalicular network. Exogenous RA increased apoptosis in the iris stroma and canalicular network in the ventral iridocorneal angle, resulting in the loss of these structures and decreased aqueous outflow. DEAB, which decreased RA activity throughout the eye, induced widespread apoptosis, resulting in corneal edema, cataracts, retinal atrophy, and loss of iridocorneal angle structures. DEAB-treated fish were blind with no optokinetic response and no aqueous outflow from the anterior chamber. Conclusions Tight control of RA levels is required for normal structure and function of the adult anterior segment. These studies demonstrated that RA plays an important role in maintaining ocular and craniofacial structures in adult zebrafish.
Collapse
|
4
|
Differences in neural crest sensitivity to ethanol account for the infrequency of anterior segment defects in the eye compared with craniofacial anomalies in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol syndrome. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1212-1227. [PMID: 28681995 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (ETOH) exposure during pregnancy is associated with craniofacial and neurologic abnormalities, but infrequently disrupts the anterior segment of the eye. In these studies, we used zebrafish to investigate differences in the teratogenic effect of ETOH on craniofacial, periocular, and ocular neural crest. METHODS Zebrafish eye and neural crest development was analyzed by means of live imaging, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay, immunostaining, detection of reactive oxygen species, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Our studies demonstrated that foxd3-positive neural crest cells in the periocular mesenchyme and developing eye were less sensitive to ETOH than sox10-positive craniofacial neural crest cells that form the pharyngeal arches and jaw. ETOH increased apoptosis in the retina, but did not affect survival of periocular and ocular neural crest cells. ETOH also did not increase reactive oxygen species within the eye. In contrast, ETOH increased ventral neural crest apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production in the facial mesenchyme. In the eye and craniofacial region, sod2 showed high levels of expression in the anterior segment and in the setting of Sod2 knockdown, low levels of ETOH decreased migration of foxd3-positive neural crest cells into the developing eye. However, ETOH had minimal effect on the periocular and ocular expression of transcription factors (pitx2 and foxc1) that regulate anterior segment development. CONCLUSION Neural crest cells contributing to the anterior segment of the eye exhibit increased ability to withstand ETOH-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. These studies explain the rarity of anterior segment dysgenesis despite the frequent craniofacial abnormalities in fetal alcohol syndrome. Birth Defects Research 109:1212-1227, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cyp1b1 Regulates Ocular Fissure Closure Through a Retinoic Acid-Independent Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1084-1097. [PMID: 28192799 PMCID: PMC5308778 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mutations in the CYP1B1 gene are the most commonly identified genetic causes of primary infantile-onset glaucoma. Despite this disease association, the role of CYP1B1 in eye development and its in vivo substrate remain unknown. In the present study, we used zebrafish to elucidate the mechanism by which cyp1b1 regulates eye development. Methods Zebrafish eye and neural crest development were analyzed using live imaging of transgenic zebrafish embryos, in situ hybridization, immunostaining, TUNEL assay, and methylacrylate sections. Cyp1b1 and retinoic acid (RA) levels were genetically (morpholino oligonucleotide antisense and mRNA) and pharmacologically manipulated to examine gene function. Results Using zebrafish, we observed that cyp1b1 was expressed in a specific spatiotemporal pattern in the ocular fissures of the developing zebrafish retina and regulated fissure patency. Decreased Cyp1b1 resulted in the premature breakdown of laminin in the ventral fissure and altered subsequent neural crest migration into the anterior segment. In contrast, cyp1b1 overexpression inhibited cell survival in the ventral ocular fissure and prevented fissure closure via an RA-independent pathway. Cyp1b1 overexpression also inhibited the ocular expression of vsx2, pax6a, and pax6b and increased the extraocular expression of shha. Importantly, embryos injected with human wild-type but not mutant CYP1B1 mRNA also showed colobomas, demonstrating the evolutionary and functional conservation of gene function between species. Conclusions Cyp1b1 regulation of ocular fissure closure indirectly affects neural crest migration and development through an RA-independent pathway. These studies provide insight into the role of Cyp1b1 in eye development and further elucidate the pathogenesis of primary infantile-onset glaucoma.
Collapse
|
6
|
Polymorphism in MTHFR 677 C>T and 1298 A>C in paternal sperm DNA is associated with increased risk of retinoblastoma in Indian children. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Retinoic Acid and Pitx2 Regulate Early Neural Crest Survival and Migration in Craniofacial and Ocular Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 107:126-35. [PMID: 27175943 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
8
|
Loss of sperm DNA integrity: Role in non-familial retinoblastoma. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2015.07.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Organ preservation in splenic abscess. Med J Armed Forces India 2014; 70:195-7. [PMID: 24843212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
10
|
Impression cytology diagnosis of ulcerative eyelid malignancy. Cytopathology 2014; 26:26-30. [PMID: 24750348 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The utility of impression cytology in ocular diseases has predominantly been restricted to the diagnosis of dry eye, limbal stem cell deficiency and conjunctival neoplasias. Its role in malignant eyelid lesions remains largely unexplored. Although scrape cytology is more popular for cutaneous lesions, impression cytology, being non-traumatic, has an advantage in small and delicate areas such as the eyelid. The present study has been designed to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and management of malignant eyelid lesions. METHODS Thirty-two histopathologically proven malignant eyelid lesions diagnosed over a 2-year period, including 13 basal cell carcinomas, 11 sebaceous carcinomas, four squamous cell carcinomas, two malignant melanomas and two poorly differentiated carcinomas, formed the study group. RESULTS The results of impression cytology were compared with those of histopathology in the study group and with an age- and sex-matched group of benign cases as controls. The sensitivity of impression cytology was 84% (27/32) for the diagnosis of malignancy and 28% (9/32) for categorization of the type of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Impression cytology is a simple, useful, non-invasive technique for the detection of malignant ulcerative eyelid lesions. It is especially useful as a follow-up technique for the detection of recurrences.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nandrolone decanoate treatment in anemia of patients with cancer: Phase II clinical study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e19581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a case of Sweet's syndrome found culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2008; 102:557-60. [PMID: 18782495 DOI: 10.1179/136485908x311812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
13
|
Toward a master equation for predicting heterolysis energies of carbon-carbon bonds in solution. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00304a051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Thermometric titrations of substituted pyridines with trifluoroacetic acid in carbon tetrachloride. Hydrogen bonded ion pair systems. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00469a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Temperature dependence of limiting heat capacities of dissolution of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, and tetraphenylarsonium chloride in water and hydrophobic hydration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100600a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Hydrogen bonding spectra of pyridinium hydrochlorides in dimethyl sulfoxide solution and as mulls. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00469a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Thermochemical comparisons of homogeneous and heterogeneous acids and bases. 1. Sulfonic acid solutions and resins as prototype Broensted acids. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00276a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Thermodynamics and the effect of guanidine hydrochloride and potassium chloride on the hydrophobic hydration of tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetra-n-pentylammonium bromide in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100638a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Hydrogen-bonded species of pyridinium haloacetates. 2. Thermometric behavior in aprotic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j150656a044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Thermochemistry of acid-base interactions of three coal samples of different ranks at elevated temperatures. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00191a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Complete thermodynamic analysis of the hydration of thirteen pyridines and pyridinium ions. The special case of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00518a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Use of carbon-13 substituent chemical shifts to scale nonhydrogen-bonding dipolar interactions of protonic solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00413a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Comparison of neurotoxic effects and potential risks from oral administration or ingestion of tricresyl phosphate and jet engine oil containing tricresyl phosphate. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 1999; 57:293-328. [PMID: 10405186 DOI: 10.1080/009841099157638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity of tricresyl phosphates (TCPs) and jet engine oil (JEO) containing TCPs were evaluated in studies conducted in both rat and hen. Results for currently produced samples ("conventional" and "low-toxicity") were compared with published findings on older samples to identify compositional changes and relate those changes to neurotoxic potential. Finally, a human risk assessment for exposure by oral ingestion of currently produced TCPs in JEO at 3% (JEO + 3%) was conducted. TCPs and certain other triaryl phosphates administered as single doses inhibited brain neuropathy target esterase (B-NTE; neurotoxic esterase) in the rat and the hen (hen 3.25 times as sensitive), and both species were deemed acceptable for initial screening purposes. Neither rat nor hen was sensitive enough to detect statistically significant inhibition of B-NTE after single doses of IEO + 3% "conventional" TCP. Subacute administration of 2 g/kg/d of JEO + 3% "conventional" TCP to the hen produced B-NTE inhibition (32%), which did not result in organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Subchronic administration of JEO + 3% TCP but not JEO + 1% TCP at 2 g/kg/d produced OPIDN. Thus, the threshold for OPIDN was between 20 and 60 mg "conventional" TCP/kg/d in JEO for 10 wk. The current "conventional" TCPs used in JEO and new "low-toxicity" TCPs now used in some JEO are synthesized from phenolic mixtures having reduced levels of ortho-cresol and ortho-xylenols resulting in TCPs of very high content of meta- and para-substituted phenyl moieties; this change in composition results in lower toxicity. The "conventional" TCPs still retain enough inhibitory activity to produce OPIDN, largely because of the presence of ortho-xylyl moieties; the "low-toxicity" TCPs are largely devoid of ortho substituents and have extremely low potential to cause OPIDN. The TCPs produced in the 1940s and 1950s were more than 400 times as toxic as the "low-toxicity" TCPs produced today. Analysis of the doses required to produce OPIDN in a subchronic hen study suggests that the minimum toxic dose of "conventional" TCP for producing OPIDN in a 70-kg person would be 280 mg/d, and for JEO containing 3% TCP, 9.4 g/d. Food products could be inadvertently contaminated with neat "conventional" TCP but it is unlikely that food such as cooking oil would be contaminated with enough JEO + 3% TCP to cause toxicity. Further, at the dosage required for neurotoxicity, it would be virtually impossible for a person to receive enough JEO + 3% TCP in the normal workplace (or in an aircraft) to cause such toxicity. There is no record of a JEO formulated with the modern "conventional" TCP causing human neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Speciation of Nitrogen Compounds in Gasoline and Diesel Range Process Streams by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/35.3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
27
|
DETERMINATION OF COMPOUND CLASS COMPOSITION OF OIL FRACTIONS OF SOME COAL LIQUIDS BY ANALYTICAL LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/08843758908962228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
28
|
The hydrogen bonding of cytosine with guanine: calorimetric and 1H-nmr analysis of the molecular interactions of nucleic acid bases. Biopolymers 1987; 26:591-603. [PMID: 3567328 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360260411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
29
|
Excess volumes of binary mixtures of cyclohexanone with some monosubstituted benzenes at 298.15 K. CAN J CHEM 1983. [DOI: 10.1139/v83-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molar excess volumes for the binary mixtures of cyclohexanone with benzene and some monosubstituted benzenes, namely, toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, tertiary butylbenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene, N,N-dimethylaniline, nitrobenzene, benzaldehyde, and benzonitrile have been calculated from the precise and accurate experimental density data at 298.15 K over the entire composition range. The results have been discussed in terms of the strength of molecular interactions in the binary mixtures.
Collapse
|
30
|
A systematic study on volumetric interactions of cyclohexanone with various aliphatic hydrocarbons. CAN J CHEM 1983. [DOI: 10.1139/v83-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excess volumes of mixing, VE, for binary mixtures of eyelohexanone with n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, and n-hexadecane at 25 °C were determined from the precise and accurate experimental density data. The sign and magnitude of VE were discussed in terms of the strength of the unlike interactions present in the binary mixtures.Excess volumes of mixing of equimolar concentration [Formula: see text] were also obtained. Attempts were made to interpret [Formula: see text] in terms of the size and polarity of the constituent molecule. The two effects could not be separated, but a good linear relation between [Formula: see text] and the solubility parameter was found.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hydrogen-bonded ionic species of pyridinium trifluoroacetates—I. Conductance behaviour in various solvents. Electrochim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(82)80054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Additions and Corrections - Complete Thermodynamic Analysis of the Hydration of Thirteen Pyridines and Pyridium Ions. The Special Case Of 2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine. J Am Chem Soc 1981. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00413a602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
|