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Kanagaraj K, Phillippi MA, Narayan P, Szolc B, Perrier JR, McLane A, Wolden SL, Barker CA, Wang Q, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency in the Peripheral Blood of Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Fractionated Total Body Irradiation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:121-130. [PMID: 37793357 PMCID: PMC10946645 DOI: 10.1159/000534433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established method for assessing chromosome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes resulting from exposure to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to measure cytogenetic DNA damage and hematology parameters in vivo based on MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from adult and pediatric leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by total body irradiation (TBI) as part of the conditioning regimen. CBMN assay cultures were prepared from fresh blood samples collected before and at 4 and 24 h after the start of TBI, corresponding to doses of 1.25 Gy and 3.75 Gy, respectively. For both age groups, there was a significant increase in MN yields with increasing dose (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in the nuclear division index (NDI; p < 0.0001). In the pre-radiotherapy samples, there was a significantly higher NDI measured in the pediatric cohort compared to the adult due to an increase in the percentage of tri- and quadri-nucleated cells scored. Complete blood counts with differential recorded before and after TBI at the 24-h time point showed a rapid increase in neutrophil (p = 0.0001) and decrease in lymphocyte (p = 0.0006) counts, resulting in a highly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 14.45 ± 1.85 after 3.75 Gy TBI (pre-exposure = 4.62 ± 0.49), indicating a strong systemic inflammatory response. Correlation of the hematological cell subset counts with cytogenetic damage, indicated that only the lymphocyte subset survival fraction (after TBI compared with before TBI) showed a negative correlation with increasing MN frequency from 0 to 1.25 Gy (r = -0.931; p = 0.007). Further, the data presented here indicate that the combination of CBMN assay endpoints (MN frequency and NDI values) and hematology parameters could be used to assess cytogenetic damage and early hematopoietic injury in the peripheral blood of leukemia patients, 24 h after TBI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Kanagaraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A. Phillippi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratyush Narayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Szolc
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda McLane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Wolden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A. Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lyulko OV, Garty G, Randers-Pehrson G, Turner HC, Szolc B, Brenner DJ. Fast image analysis for the micronucleus assay in a fully automated high-throughput biodosimetry system. Radiat Res 2014; 181:146-61. [PMID: 24502354 PMCID: PMC4011502 DOI: 10.1667/rr13441.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of, and results from an image analysis system are presented for automated detection and scoring of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The system is part of the Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool, which was developed at the Center for High-Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry for rapid radiation dose assessment of many individuals based on single fingerstick samples of blood. Blood lymphocytes were subjected to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the images of cell cytoplasm and nuclei are analyzed to estimate the frequency of micronuclei in binucleated cells. We describe an algorithm that is based on dual fluorescent labeling of lymphocytes with separate analysis of images of cytoplasm and nuclei. To evaluate the performance of the system, blood samples of seven healthy donors were irradiated in vitro with doses from 0-10 Gy and dose-response curves of micronuclei frequencies were generated. To establish the applicability of the system to the detection of high doses, the ratios of mononucleated cells to binucleated cells were determined for three of the donors. All of the dose-response curves generated automatically showed clear dose dependence and good correlation (R(2) from 0.914-0.998) with the results of manual scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra V. Lyulko
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Szolc
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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