1
|
Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Di Sante G, Ria F, Di Liddo R, Romano Spica V, Michetti F. S100B Expression Plays a Crucial Role in Cytotoxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Induced by Amyloid β-Protein in an Astrocytoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065213. [PMID: 36982288 PMCID: PMC10049549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
S100B is an astrocytic cytokine that has been shown to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. We used an astrocytoma cell line (U373 MG) silenced for S100B, and stimulated it with amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) as a known paradigm factor for astrocyte activation, and showed that the ability of the cell (including the gene machinery) to express S100B is a prerequisite for inducing reactive astrocytic features, such as ROS generation, NOS activation and cytotoxicity. Our results showed that control astrocytoma cell line exhibited overexpression of S100B after Aβ treatment, and subsequently cytotoxicity, increased ROS generation and NOS activation. In contrast, cells silenced with S100B were essentially protected, consistently reducing cell death, significantly decreasing oxygen radical generation and nitric oxide synthase activity. The conclusive aim of the present study was to show a causative linkage between the cell expression of S100B and induction of astrocyte activation processes, such as cytotoxicity, ROS and NOS activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC-CNR), 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-06-30154215 (M.E.C.); +39-06-301558489 (F.M.)
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC-CNR), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Movement, Human and Health Scences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-06-30154215 (M.E.C.); +39-06-301558489 (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bianchetti G, Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Serantoni C, Abeltino A, De Spirito M, Sasson S, Maulucci G. Metabolic Imaging and Molecular Biology Reveal the Interplay between Lipid Metabolism and DHA-Induced Modulation of Redox Homeostasis in RPE Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020339. [PMID: 36829896 PMCID: PMC9952658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress induces the development of vascular complications, which are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Among these, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often caused by functional changes in the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) due to harmful oxidative stress events in lipids, proteins, and DNA. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has a potential therapeutic effect against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage and apoptotic pathways in the main constituents of BRB, retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19). Effective antioxidant response elicited by DHA is driven by the activation of the Nrf2/Nqo1 signaling cascade, which leads to the formation of NADH, a reductive agent found in the cytoplasm. Nrf2 also induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. This study, therefore, aims at investigating the modulation of lipid metabolism induced by high-glucose (HG) on ARPE-19 cells through the integration of metabolic imaging and molecular biology to provide a comprehensive functional and molecular characterization of the mechanisms activated in the disease, as well the therapeutic role of DHA. This study shows that HG augments RPE metabolic processes by enhancing lipid metabolism, from fatty acid uptake and turnover to lipid biosynthesis and β-oxidation. DHA exerts its beneficial effect by ameliorating lipid metabolism and reducing the increased ROS production under HG conditions. This investigation may provide novel insight for formulating novel treatments for DR by targeting lipid metabolism pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Sections, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cassandra Serantoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Sections, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Abeltino
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Sections, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Sections, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 911210, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Sections, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-4265
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clementi ME, Pizzoferrato M, Bianchetti G, Brancato A, Sampaolese B, Maulucci G, Tringali G. Cytoprotective Effect of Idebenone through Modulation of the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020503. [PMID: 35203712 PMCID: PMC8962354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Idebenone is a ubiquinone short-chain synthetic analog with antioxidant properties, which is believed to restore mitochondrial ATP synthesis. As such, idebenone is investigated in numerous clinical trials for diseases of mitochondrial aetiology and it is authorized as a drug for the treatment of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Mitochondria of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage associated with cellular senescence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore idebenone’s cytoprotective effect and its underlying mechanism. We used a human-RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to idebenone pre-treatment for 24 h followed by conditions inducing H2O2 oxidative damage for a further 24 h. We found that idebenone: (a) ameliorated H2O2-lowered cell viability in the RPE culture; (b) activated Nrf2 signaling pathway by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation; (c) increased Bcl-2 protein levels, leaving unmodified those of Bax, thereby reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; (d) maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at physiological levels, preserving the functionality of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and counteracting the excessive production of ROS; and (e) reduced mitochondrial cytochrome C-mediated caspase-3 activity. Taken together, our findings show that idebenone protects RPE from oxidative damage by modulating the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, suggesting its possible role in retinal epitheliopathies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)-CNR, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Michela Pizzoferrato
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (G.M.)
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)-CNR, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (G.M.)
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-063-015-4367
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Camponeschi C, De Carluccio M, Amadio S, Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Volonté C, Tredicine M, Romano Spica V, Di Liddo R, Ria F, Michetti F, Di Sante G. S100B Protein as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis: The S100B Inhibitor Arundic Acid Protects from Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413558. [PMID: 34948360 PMCID: PMC8708367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is an astrocytic protein behaving at high concentration as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. A direct correlation between the increased amount of S100B and inflammatory processes has been demonstrated, and in particular, the inhibitor of S100B activity pentamidine has been shown to ameliorate clinical scores and neuropathologic-biomolecular parameters in the relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. This study investigates the effect of arundic acid (AA), a known inhibitor of astrocytic S100B synthesis, in the chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is another mouse model of multiple sclerosis usually studied. By the daily evaluation of clinical scores and neuropathologic-molecular analysis performed in the spinal cord, we observed that the AA-treated group showed lower severity compared to the vehicle-treated mice, particularly in the early phase of disease onset. We also observed a significant reduction of astrocytosis, demyelination, immune infiltrates, proinflammatory cytokines expression and enzymatic oxidative reactivity in the AA-treated group. Overall, our results reinforce the involvement of S100B in the development of animal models of multiple sclerosis and propose AA targeting the S100B protein as a focused potential drug to be considered for multiple sclerosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Camponeschi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.C.); (M.T.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Maria De Carluccio
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.C.); (M.T.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Amadio
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
- National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tredicine
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.C.); (M.T.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ria
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.C.); (M.T.); (G.D.S.)
- Department Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1–8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (F.R.); +39-06-3015-5848 (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettin 60, 20121 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (F.R.); +39-06-3015-5848 (F.M.)
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.C.); (M.T.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Institute of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hassan RM, Aboutabl ME, Bozzi M, El-Behairy MF, El Kerdawy AM, Sampaolese B, Desiderio C, Vincenzoni F, Sciandra F, Ghannam IAY. Discovery of 4-benzyloxy and 4-(2-phenylethoxy) chalcone fibrate hybrids as novel PPARα agonists with anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities: Design, synthesis and in vitro/in vivo biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105170. [PMID: 34332233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, a series of novel 4-benzyloxy and 4-(2-phenylethoxy) chalcone fibrate hybrids (10a-o) and (11a-e) were synthesized and evaluated as new PPARα agonists in order to find new agents with higher activity and fewer side effects. The 2-propanoic acid derivative 10a and the 2-butanoic acid congener 10i showed the best overall PPARα agonistic activity showing Emax% values of 50.80 and 90.55%, respectively, and EC50 values of 8.9 and 25.0 μM, respectively, compared to fenofibric acid with Emax = 100% and EC50 = 23.22 μM, respectively. These two compounds also stimulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A gene transcription in HepG2 cells and PPARα protein expression. Molecular docking simulations were performed for the newly synthesized compounds to study their predicted binding pattern and energies in PPARα active site to rationalize their promising activity. In vivo, compounds 10a and 10i elicited a significant hypolipidemic activity improving the lipid profile in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats, including serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and VLDL levels. Compound 10i possessed better anti-hyperlipidemic activity than 10a. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, it demonstrated significantly lower TC, TG, LDL and VLDL levels than that of fenofibrate at the same dose with similar HDL levels. Compounds 10i and 10a possessed atherogenic indices (CRR, AC, AI, CRI-II) like that of fenofibrate. Additionally, a promising antioxidant activity indicated by the increased tissue reduced glutathione and plasma total antioxidant capacity with decreased plasma malondialdehyde levels was demonstrated by compounds 10a and 10i. No histopathological alterations were recorded in the hepatic tissue of compound 10i (200 mg/kg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manuela Bozzi
- Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Mohammed F El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Michetti F, Di Sante G, Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Casalbore P, Volonté C, Romano Spica V, Parnigotto PP, Di Liddo R, Amadio S, Ria F. Growing role of S100B protein as a putative therapeutic target for neurological- and nonneurological-disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:446-458. [PMID: 33971224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein mainly expressed by astrocytes, but also localized in other definite neural and extra-neural cell types. While its presence in biological fluids is widely recognized as a reliable biomarker of active injury, growing evidence now indicates that high levels of S100B are suggestive of pathogenic processes in different neural, but also extra-neural, disorders. Indeed, modulation of S100B levels correlates with the occurrence of clinical and/or toxic parameters in experimental models of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, acute neural injury, inflammatory bowel disease, uveal and retinal disorders, obesity, diabetes and cancer, thus directly linking the levels of S100B to pathogenic mechanisms. In general, deletion/inactivation of the protein causes the improvement of the disease, whereas its over-expression/administration induces a worse clinical presentation. This scenario reasonably proposes S100B as a common therapeutic target for several different disorders, also offering new clues to individuate possible unexpected connections among these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Michetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casalbore
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, IASI-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, IASI-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (T.E.S.) Onlus, Padua, Italy.
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (T.E.S.) Onlus, Padua, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clementi ME, Maulucci G, Bianchetti G, Pizzoferrato M, Sampaolese B, Tringali G. Cytoprotective Effects of Punicalagin on Hydrogen-Peroxide-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020192. [PMID: 33572785 PMCID: PMC7911437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a densely pigmented, monostratified epithelium that provides metabolic and functional support to the outer segments of photoreceptors. Endogenous or exogenous oxidative stimuli determine a switch from physiological to pathological conditions, characterized by an increase of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence has elucidated that punicalagin (PUN), the major ellagitannin in pomegranate, is a potent antioxidant in several cell types. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PUN on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, we used a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of PUN pre-treatment (24 h) were examined on cell viability, mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory chain complexes, then finally on caspase-3 enzymatic activity. The results showed that supplementation with PUN: (a) significantly increased cell viability; (b) kept the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at healthy levels and limited ROS production; (c) preserved the activity of respiratory complexes; (d) reduced caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, due to its activity in helping mitochondrial functions, reducing oxidative stress, and subsequent induction of cellular apoptosis, PUN might be considered a useful nutraceutical agent in the treatment of oxidation-associated disorders of RPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Pizzoferrato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Sciandra F, Tringali G. Punicalagin Protects Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway and Reducing Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060473. [PMID: 32498245 PMCID: PMC7346122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the early event that underlies the pathogenesis of maculopathies. Numerous studies have shown that punicalagin (PUN), a polyphenol present in pomegranate, can protect several cell types from oxidative stress. Our study aims to establish if PUN protects RPE from UV radiation-induced oxidative damage. We used an experimental model which involves the use of a human-RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to UV-A radiation for 1, 3, and 5 h. ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with PUN (24 h) followed by UV-A irradiation; controls were treated identically, except for UV-A. Effects of pre-treatment with PUN on cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species ROS levels, modulation of Nrf2 and its antioxidant target genes, and finally apoptosis were examined. We found that pre-treatment with PUN: (1) antagonized the decrease in cell viability and reduced high levels of ROS associated with UV-A-induced oxidative stress; (2) activated Nrf2 signaling pathway by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulating its downstream antioxidant target genes (HO-1 and NQO1); (3) induced an anti-apoptotic effect by decreasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These findings provide the first evidence that PUN can prevent UV-A-induced oxidative damage in RPE, offering itself as a possible antioxidant agent capable of contrasting degenerative eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- National Research Council (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- National Research Council (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- National Research Council (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.E.C.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-063-015-4367
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Sante G, Amadio S, Sampaolese B, Clementi ME, Valentini M, Volonté C, Casalbore P, Ria F, Michetti F. The S100B Inhibitor Pentamidine Ameliorates Clinical Score and Neuropathology of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030748. [PMID: 32197530 PMCID: PMC7140642 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is an astrocytic protein acting either as an intracellular regulator or an extracellular signaling molecule. A direct correlation between increased amount of S100B and demyelination and inflammatory processes has been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of a small molecule able to bind and inhibit S100B, pentamidine, in the modulation of disease progression in the relapsing–remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. By the daily evaluation of clinical scores and neuropathologic-molecular analysis performed in the central nervous system, we observed that pentamidine is able to delay the acute phase of the disease and to inhibit remission, resulting in an amelioration of clinical score when compared with untreated relapsing–remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Moreover, we observed a significant reduction of proinflammatory cytokines expression levels in the brains of treated versus untreated mice, in addition to a reduction of nitric oxide synthase activity. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the inhibition of S100B was able to modify the neuropathology of the disease, reducing immune infiltrates and partially protecting the brain from the damage. Overall, our results indicate that pentamidine targeting the S100B protein is a novel potential drug to be considered for multiple sclerosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.D.S.); (M.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.S.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.S.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Mariagrazia Valentini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.D.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, IASI-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Casalbore
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, IASI-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.D.S.); (M.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (F.R.); +39-06-3015-5848 (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (F.R.); +39-06-3015-5848 (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clementi ME, Lazzarino G, Sampaolese B, Brancato A, Tringali G. DHA protects PC12 cells against oxidative stress and apoptotic signals through the activation of the NFE2L2/HO-1 axis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2523-2531. [PMID: 31017264 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega‑3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, derived mainly from fish oil. It is well known that DHA is present in high concentrations in nervous tissue and plays an important role in brain development and neuroprotection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its role remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological role of DHA, we investigated the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of action of DHA against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced oxidative damage in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). Specifically, we evaluated the viability, oxidation potential, and the expression and production of antioxidant/cytoprotective enzymes, and eventual apoptosis. We found that pre‑treatment with DHA (24 h) protected the cells from H2O2‑induced oxidative damage. In particular, pre‑treatment with DHA: i) Antagonized the consistent decrease in viability observed following exposure to H2O2 for 24 h; ii) reduced the high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with H2O2‑induced oxidative stress; iii) increased the intracellular levels of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px)] both under basal conditions and following H2O2 exposure; iv) augmented the intracellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid, while it reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels under conditions of oxidative stress; v) upregulated the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid‑derived 2)‑like 2 (NFE2L2) and its downstream target protein, heme‑oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1); and vi) induced an anti‑apoptotic effect by decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl2 expression. These findings provide evidence suggesting that DHA is able to prevent H2O2‑induced oxidative damage to PC12 cells, which is attributed to its antioxidant and anti‑apoptotic effects via the regulation NFE2L2/HO‑1 signaling. Therefore, DHA may play protective role in neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- CNR‑ICRM Institute of 'Chemistry of Molecular Recognition', c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University Medical School, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University Medical School, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- CNR‑ICRM Institute of 'Chemistry of Molecular Recognition', c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University Medical School, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother‑Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro' University of Palermo, I‑90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Italy IRCCS, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carelli-Alinovi C, Dinarelli S, Sampaolese B, Misiti F, Girasole M. Morphological changes induced in erythrocyte by amyloid beta peptide and glucose depletion: A combined atomic force microscopy and biochemical study. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1861:236-244. [PMID: 30040926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating red blood cells (RBCs) undergo aging, a fundamental physiological phenomenon that regulates their turnover. We show that treatment with beta amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ) accelerates the occurrence of morphological and biochemical aging markers in human RBCs and influences the cell metabolism leading to intracellular ATP depletion. The morphological pattern has been monitored using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and measuring the RBCs' plasma membrane roughness employed as a morphological parameter capable to provide information on the structure and integrity of the membrane-skeleton. Results evidence that Aβ boosts the development of crenatures and proto-spicules simultaneously to acceleration in the weakening of the cell-cytoskeleton contacts and to the induction of peculiar nanoscale features on the cell membrane. Incubation in the presence of glucose can remove all but the latter Aβ-induced effects. Biochemical data demonstrate that contemporaneously to morphological and structural alterations, Aβ and glucose depletion trigger a complex signaling pathway involving caspase 3, protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide derived metabolites. As a whole, the collected data revealed that, the damaging path induced by Aβ in RBC provide a sequence of morphological and functional intermediates following one another along RBC life span, including: (i) an acceleration in the development of shape alteration typically observed along the RBC's aging; (ii) the development of characteristic membrane features on the plasma membrane and (iii) triggering a complex signaling pathway involving caspase 3, PKC and nitric oxide derived metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Carelli-Alinovi
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Catholic University, School of Medicine, L. go F. Vito n.1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- Institute for the Structure of the Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition (ICRM), National Research Council (CNR), L. go F. Vito n.1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Human, Social and Health Department, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, V. S. Angelo, Loc. Folcara, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Marco Girasole
- Institute for the Structure of the Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Lazzarino G, Tringali G. Ultraviolet A radiation induces cortistatin overexpression and activation of somatostatin receptors in ARPE‑19 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5538-5543. [PMID: 29393496 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with pathological alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been indicated that Cortistatin (CST) and somatostatin (SST) are able to inhibit the neurodegeneration of the RPE associated with diabetic retinopathy and retinal ischemia via activation of SST receptors (SSTRs). To the best of our knowledge, the present study indicated for the first time that treatment with UV‑A (30 and 60 min) causes an increase of CST expression, rather than SST, which was linked with the upregulation of STTR3,4,5 subtype receptor gene expression levels. The study revealed that: i) SST and CST mRNA expression were both detected under basal conditions in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (Arpe‑19); ii) SST expression remained constant from baseline to 1 h of UV‑A treatment; iii) CST mRNA expression levels were 80 times increased compared with time 0 and after 30 min of exposition to ultraviolet irradiation; iv) SSTR1, SSTR2 mRNA and low levels of SSTR4 were expressed in basal conditions, whereas SSTR3 and SSTR5 mRNA were not detected under the same conditions; and v) only SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 were overexpressed after UV‑A treatment, although in a different way. In conclusion, the findings provide reasonable evidence to support the pathophysiological role of the CST/SST/SSTRs system in the adaptive response of the RPE exposed to UV‑A radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- CNR‑ICRM Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition (ICRM), Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- CNR‑ICRM Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition (ICRM), Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clementi ME, Pani G, Sampaolese B, Tringali G. Punicalagin reduces H 2O 2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells by modulating the levels of reactive oxygen species. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:447-454. [PMID: 28393656 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1306935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has long been linked to neuronal cell death in many neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant conventional supplements are poorly effective in preventing neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress due to their inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Hence the use of molecules extracted from plants and fruits such as phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids compounds constitute a new wave of antioxidant therapies to defend against free radicals. OBJECTIVE In this study we examined the effects of punicalagin, a ellagitannin isolated from the pomegranate juice, on a rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line, treated with hydrogen peroxide, evaluating the viability, oxidation potential, mitochondrial function, and eventual apoptosis. METHODS This study was performed on PC12 cells pretreated with punicalagin (0.5, 1, 5, 10 e 20 µM) 24 hours before of the damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 concentration (300 µM) used in our study was determined by preliminary experiments of time course. The cell viability and ROS production were evaluated by MTS assay and cytofluorometry assays, respectively. Subsequently, the number of apoptotic-positive cells and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, were measured by flow cytometry, in the same experimental paradigm. Finally, the expression of Bax and enzymatic activity of Caspase 3, some of the principle actors of programmed cell death, were investigated by semiquantitative PCR and utilizing a colorimetric assay kit, respectively. RESULTS We found that pretreatment with punicalagin protected the cells from H2O2-induced damage. In particular, the protective effect seemed to be correlated with a control both in radical oxygen species production and in mitochondrial functions. In fact the cells treated with H2O2 showed an altered mitochondrial membrane integrity while the pretreatment with punicalagin retained both the cellular viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential similar to the control. Furthermore, the punicalagin, modulated the apoptotic cascade triggered reducing Bax gene expression and Caspase 3 activity. DISCUSSION Results of the present study demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of punicalagin on H2O2-induced PC12 cell death, including mitochondria damage and expression of apoptotic gene Bax; therefore we hypothesize a possible prevent role for this molecule in neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- a CNR-ICRM Istituto di"Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare", c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- b Istituto di Patologia Generale , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- a CNR-ICRM Istituto di"Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare", c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- c Istituto di Farmacologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tringali G, Sampaolese B, Clementi ME. Expression of early and late cellular damage markers by ARPE-19 cells following prolonged treatment with UV-A radiation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3485-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
15
|
Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Giardina B. S100b Induces Expression of Myoglobin in APβ Treated Neuronal Cells In Vitro: A Possible Neuroprotective Mechanism. Curr Aging Sci 2016; 9:279-283. [PMID: 26899964 DOI: 10.2174/1874609809666160222112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, human neuroblastoma cells (IMR32) treated with Amyloid Beta Peptide (APβ), were used as model to evaluate the molecular basis of protective role of S100b, a neurotrophic factor and neuronal survival protein, highly expressed by reactive astrocytes close to amyloid deposition in the cortex of Alzheimer's patients. The aim of this work is to value the effect of S100b on ROS production in cells treated with Amyloid Beta Peptide and the subsequent influence on globin gene expression. METHOD In this study we investigated the effect of S100b on ROS production and on globin gene expression in human neuroblastoma cells (IMR32) treated with Amyloid Beta Peptide (APβ). RESULTS Our results have shown that at nanomolar concentrations, S100b protects cells against AP. mediated cytotoxicity and the protective mechanism could be related, almost in part, to the control of ROS production through an over expression of Myoglobin gene. CONCLUSION In light of our results, we speculate that over-expression of the Myoglobin gene could be read as a possible attempt of the cell to increase the scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Clementi
- CNR-ICRM Institute of "Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare", c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Lazzarino G, Giardina B. Effect of Punicalagin and Resveratrol on Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase: A Possible Protective Contribution against Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2015; 2:33-37. [PMID: 29234773 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) has been postulated to act as a catalytic antioxidant system involved in the protection of oxidative stress-induced cell injury. MsrA has recently turned attention in coupling with the neurodegenerative disorders and in particular with Alzheimer disease. In fact this neurodegenerative disorder depends to a deposit of beta amyloid a peptide with an oxidizable methionine in position 35 which is proved able to modulate the expression to MsrA in neuronal cells. Here, we firstly provided evidence that pretreatment with Resveratrol and Punicalagin (a potent antioxidant extracted from pomegranate), up-regulate the expression and enzymatic activity of MsrA in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells with beta amyloid peptides. This effect determines a lowering of oxidative potential of the cells as demonstrated by the ROS measurement and a protective effect on cellular availability. Therefore we hypothesize a possible prevent role for these molecules in Alzheimer and in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Clementi
- Dr Maria Elisabetta Clementi, ICRM - Institute of Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare' (CNR), c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy, Tel:++39 6 30154215, Fax:++39 6 30154309, e-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Triggiani D, Tiezzi A, Giardina B. S100b protects IMR-32 cells against Ab(1-42) induced neurotoxicity via modulation of apoptotic genes expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2013.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Misiti F, Carelli-Alinovi C, Sampaolese B, Giardina B. β-amyloid decreases detectable endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human erythrocytes: a role for membrane acetylcholinesterase. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:474-9. [PMID: 22431227 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Until few years ago, many studies of Alzheimer's disease investigated the effects of this syndrome in the central nervous system. Only recently, the detection of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the blood has evidenced the necessity to extend studies on extraneuronal cells, particularly on erythrocytes. Aβ is also present in brain capillaries, where it interacts with the erythrocytes, inducing several metabolic and functional alterations. Recently, functionally active endothelial type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was discovered in human erythrocytes. The goal of the present study was to evidence the effect of Aβ on erythrocyte eNOS. We found that Aβ following to 24-h exposure causes a decrease in the immune staining of erythrocyte eNOS. Concurrently, Aβ alters erythrocyte cell morphology, decreases nitrites and nitrates levels, and affects membrane acetylcholinesterase activity. Propidium, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was able to reverse the effects elicited by Aβ. These events could contribute to the vascular alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Misiti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Misiti F, Sampaolese B, Clementi ME, Giardina B. P4‐282: Changes In Erythrocyte Deformability In Alzheimer's Disease: A Role For Nitric Oxide Synthase. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Misiti
- Dept. Health and Motor ScienceUniversity of CassinoCassino (Fr)Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Giardina
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry InstituteCatholic UniversitySchool of MedicineRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tavian D, Colombo R, Misiti F, Ena P, Ena L, Sampaolese B, Giardina B, Clementi ME. Fibroblast apoptosis in a patient affected by lamellar ichthyosis. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:417-24. [PMID: 19278426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a congenital recessive skin disorder characterized by generalized scaling and hyperkeratosis. The pathology may be caused by mutations in transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene that encodes an enzyme critical for terminally differentiating keratinocytes. Because of evidences that transglutaminase enzymes are involved in programmed cell death, we investigated morphological and biochemical apoptotic parameters in cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with a severe LI and homozygous for the TGM1 R142H mutation. METHOD The principle apoptotic signals (mitochondrial membrane potential, analysis of oxygen consumption, DNA fragmentation and Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression) were analyzed in cultured fibroblasts from a LI patient, his mother (TGM1 mutation carrier) and a control subject. RESULTS LI fibroblasts showing a reduction of fibronectin expression evidenced a strong inhibition of oxygen consumption, a dramatic drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)), and a higher apoptotic index. CONCLUSION The present results suggest a possible connection between the alterations in the keratinization process leading to LI and the observed increased fibroblast apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tavian
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brunelli R, Papi M, Arcovito G, Bompiani A, Castagnola M, Parasassi T, Sampaolese B, Vincenzoni F, De Spirito M. Globular structure of human ovulatory cervical mucus. FASEB J 2007; 21:3872-6. [PMID: 17606809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8189com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cervical mucus is a heterogeneous mixture of mucin glycoproteins whose relative concentration changes during the ovulatory phases, thereby producing different mucus aggregation structures that can periodically permit the transit of spermatozoa for fertilization. In preovulatory phase, mucus is arranged in compact fiber-like structures where sperm transit is hindered. Previously, through observations made of fixed and dehydrated samples, a permissive structure in the ovulatory phase was attributed to the larger diameters of pores in the mucus network. Instead, by means of atomic force microscopy, we can show, for the first time, that unfixed ovulatory mucus is composed by floating globules of mucin aggregates. This finding sheds new light on the mechanism that governs spermatozoa transit toward the uterine cavity. In addition, we demonstrate that the switch from globular ovulatory to fibrous preovulatory mucus largely depends on a pH-driven mechanism. Analysis of mucin 5B primary sequence, the main mucin in ovulatory mucus, highlights pH-sensitive domains that are associated to flexible regions prone to drive aggregation. We suggest an involvement of these domains in the fiber-to-globule switch in cervical mucus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Perinatologia e Puericultura, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Misiti F, Sampaolese B, Mezzogori D, Orsini F, Pezzotti M, Giardina B, Clementi ME. Protective effect of rhubarb derivatives on amyloid beta (1-42) peptide-induced apoptosis in IMR-32 cells: a case of nutrigenomic. Brain Res Bull 2006; 71:29-36. [PMID: 17113925 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (1-42) peptide is considered responsible for the formation of senile plaques that accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the last years considerable attention has been focused on identifying natural food products, such as phytochemicals that prevent or almost retard the appearance of amyloid beta (1-42)-related neurotoxic effects. In this study, human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) was used as system model to evaluate the protective role of rhaponticin (3,3',5-trihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene 3-O-d-glucoside) a stilbene glucoside extracted from rhubarb roots (Rhei rhizoma) and rhapontigenin, its aglycone metabolite, against amyloid beta (1-42)-dependent toxicity. The obtained results show that rhapontigenin maintains significant cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and it exerts a protective effect on mitochondrial functionality, as evidenced by mitochondrial oxygen consumption experiments. A similar behaviour, but to a lesser extent, has been shown by rhaponticin. The protective mechanism mediated by the two stilbenes could be related to their effect on bcl-2 gene family expression. Bax, a pro-apoptotic gene, resulted down-regulated by the treatment with rhaponticin and rhapontigenin compared with the results obtained in the presence of amyloid beta (1-42) peptide. Conversely, bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, highly down-regulated by amyloid beta (1-42) treatment, resulted expressed in the presence of stilbenes similarly to that shown by control cells. The obtained results support the hypothesis that amyloid beta (1-42)-induced neurotoxicity occurs via bax over-expression, bcl-2 down-regulation, firstly indicating that rhaponticin and its aglycone moiety may alter this cell death pathway. Based on these studies, we suggest that rhaponticin and its main metabolite could be developed as agents for the management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Misiti
- Department of Health and Motor Sciences, University of Cassino, V.le Bonomi, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Clementi ME, Pezzotti M, Orsini F, Sampaolese B, Mezzogori D, Grassi C, Giardina B, Misiti F. Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) induces cell death in human neuroblastoma via bax/bcl-2 ratio increase: an intriguing role for methionine 35. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 342:206-13. [PMID: 16472763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The beta amyloid (Abeta), the major protein component of brain senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, is known to be directly responsible for the production of free radicals toxic to brain tissue and the redox state of Met-35 residue seems to play a particular and critical role in peptide's neurotoxic actions. In this study, we investigated, in human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), the relationship between the oxidative state of methionine, and both neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic actions induced by Abeta-peptide, comparing the effects of native peptide, in which the Met-35 is present in the reduced state, with those of a modified peptide with oxidized Met-35 (Abeta(1-42)(35Met-ox)), as well as an Abeta-derivative with Met-35 substituted with norleucine (Abeta(1-42)(35Nle)). The obtained results show that Abeta induces a time-dependent decrease in cell viability; Abeta(1-42)(35Met-ox) was significantly less potent, though inducing a remarkable decrease in cell viability compared to control. On the contrary, no toxic effects were observed after treatment with Abeta(1-42)(35Nle). Abeta-peptide as well as the amyloid modified peptide with oxidized Met-35 induced the pro-apoptotic gene bax over-expression after 24 h, whereas Abeta(1-42)(35Nle) had no effect. Conversely, bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, became highly down-regulated by Abeta peptide treatment, in contrast to that evidenced by the Abeta(1-42)(35Met-ox) peptide. Finally, Abeta caused an increase in caspase-3 activity to be higher with respect to that shown by Abeta(1-42)(35Met-ox) while Abeta(1-42)(35Nle) had no effect. These results support the hypothesis that Abeta-induced neurotoxicity occurs via bax over-expression, bcl-2 down-regulation, and caspase-3 activation, first indicating that methionine 35 redox state may alter this cell death pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Clementi
- CNR-ICRM, Institute of Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Misiti F, Sampaolese B, Pezzotti M, Marini S, Coletta M, Ceccarelli L, Giardina B, Clementi ME. Aβ(31–35) peptide induce apoptosis in PC 12 cells: Contrast with Aβ(25–35) peptide and examination of underlying mechanisms. Neurochem Int 2005; 46:575-83. [PMID: 15843052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 01/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The toxic behaviour of the two shorter sequences of the native Abeta amyloid peptide required for cytotoxicity i.e., Abeta(31-35) and Abeta(25-35) peptides, was studied. We have shown that Abeta(31-35) peptide induces neurotoxicity in undifferentiated PC 12 cell via an apoptotic cell death pathway, including caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. Abeta(25-35) peptide, like the shorter amyloid peptide has the ability to induce neurotoxicity, as evaluated by the MTS reduction assay and by adherent cell count, but the Abeta(25-35) peptide-induced neurotoxicity is not associated with any biochemical features of apoptosis. The differences observed between the neurotoxic properties of Abeta(31-35) and Abeta(25-35) peptides might result on their different ability to be internalised within the neuronal cells. Furthermore, this study reveals that the redox state of methionine residue, C-terminal in Abeta(31-35) and Abeta(25-35) peptides affect in a different way the toxic behaviour of these two short amyloid fragments. Taken together our results suggest that Abeta(31-35) peptide induces cell death by apoptosis, unlike the Abeta(25-35) peptide and that role played by methionine-35 in Abeta induced neurotoxicity might be related to the Abeta aggregation state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Misiti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Largo F. Vito 1-00168 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sampaolese B, Bergia A, Scipioni A, Zuccheri G, Savino M, Samori B, De Santis P. Recognition of the DNA sequence by an inorganic crystal surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13566-70. [PMID: 12361979 PMCID: PMC129714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.202471699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2002] [Accepted: 08/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequence-dependent curvature is generally recognized as an important and biologically relevant property of DNA because it is involved in the formation and stability of association complexes with proteins. When a DNA tract, intrinsically curved for the periodical recurrence on the same strand of A-tracts phased with the B-DNA periodicity, is deposited on a flat surface, it exposes to that surface either a T- or an A-rich face. The surface of a freshly cleaved mica crystal recognizes those two faces and preferentially interacts with the former one. Statistical analysis of scanning force microscopy (SFM) images provides evidence of this recognition between an inorganic crystal surface and nanoscale structures of double-stranded DNA. This finding could open the way toward the use of the sequence-dependent adhesion to specific crystal faces for nanotechnological purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Sampaolese
- Centro di Studio per gli Acidi Nucleici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The preferential assembly of specialized nucleosomes on budding yeast centromeres can be due either to the higher stability of specialized centromeric nucleosomes and/or to the lower stability of canonical centromeric nucleosomes with respect to bulk nucleosomes. We have evaluated the thermodynamic stability of canonical nucleosomes, assembled on Kluyveromyces lactis centromeric DNAs, with a competitive reconstitution assay and a theoretical method recently developed by us. The results, obtained by both methods, show that all five known centromeric DNAs from K. lactis are able to organize canonical nucleosomes, characterized by higher stability with respect those of bulk DNA. With 'footprinting' and theoretical prediction, based on sequence-dependent DNA elasticity, we have found that centromeric canonical nucleosomes are characterized by nucleosome dyad axis multiple positioning, rotationally phased. The isoenergetic nucleosome multiple positions are relevant in understanding the transition from canonical to specialized nucleosomes in interacting with centromere protein complexes. The satisfactory agreement between the results obtained from theoretical and experimental methods shows that sequence-dependent centromeric DNA elasticity has a main role in nucleosome thermodynamic stability and positioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mattei
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Horo 5-00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Del Cornò M, De Santis P, Sampaolese B, Savino M. DNA superstructural features and nucleosomal organization of the two centromeres of Kluyveromyces lactis chromosome 1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome 6. FEBS Lett 1998; 431:66-70. [PMID: 9684867 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Superstructural features of the Kluyveromyces lactis chromosome 1 (KlCEN1) and of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome 6 (SCEN6) centromeric DNAs were evaluated using a theoretical method, developed by our group, and experimentally measured by gel electrophoretic retardation. Both methods show that, in spite of the remarkable AT richness of the two centromeric sequences, their curvature is not very high. However the peculiar sequence features of the two centromeres allow to organize highly stable nucleosomes, with a free energy about that of the nucleosome formed on the 5S RNA gene. The good agreement between experimental and theoretical evaluation of nucleosome free energies as well as of their multiple positioning shows that in centromeres both DNA curvature and flexibility are relevant in determining nucleosomal features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Del Cornò
- Instituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Santis P, Kropp B, Leoni L, Sampaolese B, Savino M. Influence of DNA superstructural features and histones aminoterminal domains on mononucleosome and dinucleosome positioning. Biophys Chem 1996; 62:47-61. [PMID: 8962471 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(96)02194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mononucleosome and dinucleosome positioning was studied in the complexes between two DNA fragments of different lengths, both containing a strongly curved sequence from Crithidia fasciculata kinetoplast, and histone octamers either normal or lacking aminoterminal domains. The results obtained by Exo III and DNase I selective digestion were: (a) The first and most stable nucleosome, formed with both types of histone octamers, is positioned on the curved sequence, showing a multiple dyad axis translational positioning with the same rotational phasing. This result is in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction, obtained by adopting a method developed by us, based on the evaluation of DNA distortion energy from the nucleotide sequence. (b) The second nucleosome has two main different positions. The first one, near the extremity of the DNA fragment opposite to the curved sequence, presents a higher frequency in the case of normal nucleosome, whereas an intermediate position appears populated with a higher frequency in the case of the "tailless' nucleosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P De Santis
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Nucleosome positioning has been studied on a strongly curved 268 bp DNA fragment from a Crithidia fasciculata kinetoplast, complexed with a histone octamer either normal or lacking amino-terminal domains. A very similar nucleosome multiple positioning, with the same rotational phasing, has been found, by Exo III mapping, in both cases. The experimental positioning is in fairly good agreement with that predicted using a theoretical method based on DNA distortion energy, derived from the nucleotide sequence. Taking into account that nucleosomes, without histone amino-terminal domains, lack thirty percent of electrostatic interactions, these results suggest a dominant role on nucleosome positioning of DNA distortion energy with respect to modifications in histone domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kropp
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Recently, we have found that the assembly of nucleosomes reconstituted on negatively supercoiled DNA is cooperative. In the present paper the role of DNA topology and of histone tails in nucleosome assembly was explored. Reconstituted minichromosomes on relaxed DNA at different histone/DNA ratios (R) were assayed by topological analysis and electron microscopy visualization. Both methods show a linear relationship between average nucleosome number (N) and R. This suggests that in the case of relaxed DNA, cooperative internucleosomal interactions are small or absent. The influence of histone tails in nucleosome assembly was studied on minichromosomes reconstituted with trypsinized histone octamer on negatively supercoiled DNA by topological analysis. The topoisomers distribution, after trypsinization, dramatically changes, indicating that nucleosome-nucleosome interactions are remarkably decreased. These results show that, in chromatin folding, in addition to the well known role of histone H1, the interactions between histone octamer tails and DNA are also of importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Buttinelli
- Centro di Studio per gli Acidi Nucleici del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Many studies have shown that in reconstituted chromatin model systems, containing only purified DNA and histone octamer, nucleosomes can adopt well defined locations with respect to DNA nucleotide sequence. Recently, nucleosome-nucleosome interactions were suggested as one of the factors underlying preferential nucleosomes positioning. In the present paper this aspect has been studied by topological analysis and electron microscopy visualization of minichromosomes reconstituted at different histone/DNA ratios. Both methods suggest that cooperativity plays a role in nucleosomes formation. A linear cooperative model in which nucleosomes are formed on discrete sites with cooperative interactions occurring only between nearest neighbours allows to calculate the cooperative constant. The reported results show that basic interactions, which are of relevance in the process of chromatin folding, are present also in very simple model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Forte
- Centro di Studio per gli Acidi Nucleici del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The interactions between the natural cyclopentapeptide antibiotic actinomycin D (ACT) and circular pBR322 DNA have been studied by freezing the topological state of the DNA in the complex by topoisomerase I reaction. Both supercoiled and relaxed DNAs, in the complexes at low antibiotic/DNA base-pair ratios, showed a dramatic decrease in linking number that cannot be explained by taking into account only the generally accepted unwinding of 28 degrees for each ACT molecule bound. Recent results derived from the crystallographic analysis of the complex between GpC and ACT suggest that ACT could mediate non-covalent cross-links between distant sections of DNA. Bridges between ACT and different sections of the pBR322 double helix could also explain our results. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of ACT-relaxed pBR322 DNA complexes reveals that all supercoils induced by ACT are negative. Two models of the complexes which correspond to the stabilization of DNA crossing by one or two molecules of ACT are proposed. In both cases the ability of ACT to stabilize only DNA left-handed supercoils is derived from the chirality of ACT, when it interacts with DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Leoni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Cruciforms persist in reconstituted minichromosomes, as revealed by cleavage with specific nucleases and hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides. Relaxation by topoisomerase I suggests that cruciforms are located mainly on internucleosomal DNA and that their persistence on minichromosomes may be due to kinetic effects. The analysis of the kinetic behaviour of cruciforms in minichromosomes shows a definite velocity of reabsorption with respect to stable cruciforms in supercoiled naked DNA. An explanation based on suppression of the untwisting of linker DNA due to adjacent nucleosomes is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Battistoni
- Centro di Studio per gli Acidi Nucleici, C.N.R., Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Savino M, Leoni L, Morosetti S, Palermo C, Sampaolese B. Chiral discrimination between left-handed and right-handed DNA supercoils by actinomycin D. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:1869-70. [PMID: 3377858 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Savino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Centro per lo Studio degli Acidi Nucleici, Roma
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caffarelli E, Leoni L, Sampaolese B, Savino M. Persistence of cruciform structure and preferential location of nucleosomes on some regions of pBR322 and ColE 1 DNAs. Eur J Biochem 1986; 156:335-42. [PMID: 3009182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inverted repeats of pBR322 and ColE 1 DNAs have been analyzed for the presence of cruciform structures upon formation of nucleosomes, using S1, P1 and restriction enzyme analysis. In both cases the fraction of molecules showing nuclease-sensitive sites is unaffected by the DNA relaxation, owing to the formation of nucleosomes. A kinetic mechanism, based on the freezing of cruciform structures on the nucleosome surface or nearby, is proposed. This hypothesis is supported by a preferential location of nucleosomes at the DNA sequences containing the nuclease-sensitive sites, as indicated by restriction enzyme analysis and electron microscopy visualization after psoralen cross-linking.
Collapse
|