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Elastic Relaxor Ferroelectric by Thiol-ene Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400511. [PMID: 38488202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As ferroelectrics hold significance and application prospects in wearable devices, the elastification of ferroelectrics becomes more and more important. Nevertheless, achieving elastic ferroelectrics requires stringent synthesis conditions, while the elastification of relaxor ferroelectric materials remains unexplored, presenting an untapped potential for utilization in energy storage and actuation for wearable electronics. The thiol-ene click reaction offers a mild and rapid reaction platform to prepare functional polymers. Therefore, we employed this approach to obtain an elastic relaxor ferroelectric by crosslinking an intramolecular carbon-carbon double bonds (CF=CH) polymer matrix with multiple thiol groups via a thiol-ene click reaction. The resulting elastic relaxor ferroelectric demonstrates pronounced relaxor-type ferroelectric behaviour. This material exhibits low modulus, excellent resilience, and fatigue resistance, maintaining a stable ferroelectric response even under strains up to 70 %. This study introduces a straightforward and efficient approach for the construction of elastic relaxor ferroelectrics, thereby expanding the application possibilities in wearable electronics.
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U-shaped stereoscopic design strategy toward N-doped nanographene segment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11771-11774. [PMID: 38617572 PMCID: PMC11009840 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been scarce reports about stereoscopic design of N-heteroacenes (NHAs), especially for the electron-deficient π-building blocks. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a U-shaped bis(pyrene-quinoxaline) (BPQ). Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the herringbone stacking pattern and the presence of regular and incompletely closed pores.
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High-Curie-Temperature Elastic Polymer Ferroelectric by Carbene Cross-Linking. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5614-5621. [PMID: 38354217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
With the emergence of wearable electronics, ferroelectrics are poised to serve as key components for numerous potential applications. Currently, intrinsically elastic ferroelectrics featuring a network structure through a precise "slight cross-linking" approach have been realized. The resulting elastic ferroelectrics demonstrate a combination of stable ferroelectric properties and remarkable resilience under various strains. However, challenges arose as the cross-linking temperature was too high when integrating ferroelectrics with other functional materials, and the Curie temperature of this elastic ferroelectric was comparatively low. Addressing these challenges, we strategically chose a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based copolymer with high vinylidene fluoride content to obtain a high Curie temperature while synthesizing a cross-linker with carbene intermediate for high reactivity to reduce the cross-linking temperature. At a relatively low temperature, we successfully fabricated elastic ferroelectrics through carbene cross-linking. The resulting elastic polymer ferroelectrics exhibit a higher Curie temperature and show a stable ferroelectric response under strains up to 50%. These materials hold significant potential for integration into wearable electronics.
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The way to elastic ferroelectrics. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2691-2694. [PMID: 37867060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
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5
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Intrinsically elastic polymer ferroelectric by precise slight cross-linking. Science 2023; 381:540-544. [PMID: 37535722 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics are an integral component of the modern world and are of importance in electrics, electronics, and biomedicine. However, their usage in emerging wearable electronics is limited by inelastic deformation. We developed intrinsically elastic ferroelectrics by combining ferroelectric response and elastic resilience into one material by slight cross-linking of plastic ferroelectric polymers. The precise slight cross-linking can realize the complex balance between crystallinity and resilience. Thus, we obtained an elastic ferroelectric with a stable ferroelectric response under mechanical deformation up to 70% strain. This elastic ferroelectric exerts potentials in applications related to wearable electronics, such as elastic ferroelectric sensors, information storage, and energy transduction.
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Hydrogen Bonding in Self-Healing Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9319-9333. [PMID: 33869912 PMCID: PMC8047772 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the self-healing elastomers based on multiple hydrogen bonding have attracted ample attention due to their rich chemical structures, adjustable mechanical properties, fast healing speed, and high healing efficiency. Through prolonging the service life and fast recovery of the mechanical properties, self-healing elastomers can be potentially applied in the field of wearable electronics, electronic skins, motion tracking, and health monitoring. In this perspective, we will introduce the concept and classification of self-healing materials first, then the hydrogen bonds, and the corresponding position of hydrogen-bonding units in the polymer structures. We will also conclude the potential application of hydrogen bonding-based elastomers. Finally, a summary and outlook will be provided.
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Recent Progress in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Organic Co-Crystals. CHEM REC 2020; 21:116-132. [PMID: 33169940 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the development of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based organic co-crystals has attracted increasing interest due to their unique packing modes, optic-electronic properties and various potential applications in electronic, optic-electronic and magnetic devices. In this account, we mainly discuss the definition, classification, packing patterns, preparation methods, and applications of PAH-based co-crystals. Specifically, the main categories of PAH-based organic co-crystals, the frequent methods to prepare them, three main packing patterns, their optical and electrical properties, and their potential applications will be presented. Finally, an outlook of this field is provided.
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Abstract
Four three-dimensional (3D) pyrene-fused N-heteroacenes (P1-P4) are designed and synthesized. From P1 to P4, their lengths are extended in an iterative way, where the thiadiazole unit can be reduced to diamine and the obtained diamines can be further condensed with the diketones with a thiadiazole unit. Compared to their two-dimensional counterparts, the solubility of these 3D pyrene-fused N-heteroacenes is improved by this 3D covalent linkage with two-dimensional units. The diameters of P1-P4 are 3.66, 6.06, 8.48 and 10.88 nm, respectively, and these 3D molecules are characterized by 1H, 13C and 2D NMR, MS, UV-vis, PL and CV spectra. Our strategy shows a promising way to large 3D pyrene-fused N-heteroacenes.
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Abstract
In this account we summarized our work on the modification and extension of the thiadiazoloquinoxaline (TQ) as a strong acceptor unit for organic electronics. While also alternating conjugated copolymers with different donors were published, the focus here is the description of variation of the acceptor unit leading to many small molecules with different electronic properties as indicated from their optical absorptions, cyclic voltammetry (CV) data, density functional theory (DFT), and time-dependent (TD-DFT) calculations. The extension with ortho-diquinones seemed a promising way to enlarge the TQ molecules and further increase their electron affinity. At the end it is demonstrated how these units can be merged with other acceptors like naphthalenediimide (NDI) and be extended in an iterative way to extremely long condensed pyrene-fused heteroacenes with TQ end groups just by ring opening of the thiadiazole five-membered ring followed by further condensations in an iterative way.1 Introduction2 The Synthesis of TQ Cores3 The Extension of TQ3.1 The Extension at 4,9-Positions3.2 The Extension at 6,7-Positions3.3 The Extension on NDI3.4 The Extension with TQ for Endcapping (Bis TQ)4 Conclusions
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Layered Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-Containing Long Pyrene-Fused N-Heteroacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12375-12379. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Quantum thermodynamics from the nonequilibrium dynamics of open systems: Energy, heat capacity, and the third law. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012135. [PMID: 29448480 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a series of papers, we intend to take the perspective of open quantum systems and examine from their nonequilibrium dynamics the conditions when the physical quantities, their relations, and the laws of thermodynamics become well defined and viable for quantum many-body systems. We first describe how an open-system nonequilibrium dynamics (ONEq) approach is different from the closed combined system + environment in a global thermal state (CGTs) setup. Only after the open system equilibrates will it be amenable to conventional thermodynamics descriptions, thus quantum thermodynamics (QTD) comes at the end rather than assumed in the beginning. The linkage between the two comes from the reduced density matrix of ONEq in that stage having the same form as that of the system in the CGTs. We see the open-system approach having the advantage of dealing with nonequilibrium processes as many experiments in the near future will call for. Because it spells out the conditions of QTD's existence, it can also aid us in addressing the basic issues in quantum thermodynamics from first principles in a systematic way. We then study one broad class of open quantum systems where the full nonequilibrium dynamics can be solved exactly, that of the quantum Brownian motion of N strongly coupled harmonic oscillators, interacting strongly with a scalar-field environment. In this paper, we focus on the internal energy, heat capacity, and the third law. We show for this class of physical models, amongst other findings, the extensive property of the internal energy, the positivity of the heat capacity, and the validity of the third law from the perspective of the behavior of the heat capacity toward zero temperature. These conclusions obtained from exact solutions and quantitative analysis clearly disprove claims of negative specific heat in such systems and dispel allegations that in such systems the validity of the third law of thermodynamics relies on quantum entanglement. They are conceptually and factually unrelated issues. Entropy and entanglement will be the main theme of our second paper on this subject matter.
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Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-Fused Naphthalenediimides for n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs). Org Lett 2017; 19:6300-6303. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation inequality and nonequilibrium uncertainty principle. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:012102. [PMID: 23944409 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.012102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fluctuation-dissipation relation is usually formulated for a system interacting with a heat bath at finite temperature, and often in the context of linear response theory, where only small deviations from the mean are considered. We show that for an open quantum system interacting with a nonequilibrium environment, where temperature is no longer a valid notion, a fluctuation-dissipation inequality exists. Instead of being proportional, quantum fluctuations are bounded below by quantum dissipation, whereas classically the fluctuations vanish at zero temperature. The lower bound of this inequality is exactly satisfied by (zero-temperature) quantum noise and is in accord with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, in both its microscopic origins and its influence upon systems. Moreover, it is shown that there is a coupling-dependent nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation that determines the nonequilibrium uncertainty relation of linear systems in the weak-damping limit.
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Quantum and classical fluctuation theorems from a decoherent histories, open-system analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:011112. [PMID: 22400517 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a first-principles analysis of the nonequilibrium work distribution and the free energy difference of a quantum system interacting with a general environment (with arbitrary spectral density and for all temperatures) based on a well-understood microphysics (quantum Brownian motion) model under the conditions stipulated by the Jarzynski equality [Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)] and Crooks' fluctuation theorem [Crooks, Phys. Rev. E 60, 2721 (1999)] (in short, fluctuation theorems, FTs). We use the decoherent histories conceptual framework to explain how the notion of trajectories in a quantum system can be made viable and use the environment-induced decoherence scheme to assess the strength of noise that could provide sufficient decoherence to warrant the use of trajectories to define work in open quantum systems. From the solutions to the Langevin equation governing the stochastic dynamics of such systems we were able to produce formal expressions for these quantities entering in the FTs and from them prove explicitly the validity of the FTs at the high temperature limit. At low temperatures our general results would enable one to identify the range of parameters where FTs may not hold or need be expressed differently. We explain the relation between classical and quantum FTs and the advantage of this microphysics open-system approach over the phenomenological modeling and energy-level calculations for substitute closed quantum systems.
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Initial-state preparation with dynamically generated system-environment correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:021106. [PMID: 21928948 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.021106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of the dynamics of open quantum systems upon initial correlations between the system and environment is an utterly important yet poorly understood subject. For technical convenience most prior studies assume factorizable initial states where the system and its environments are uncorrelated, but these conditions are not very realistic and give rise to peculiar behaviors. One distinct feature is the rapid buildup or a sudden jolt of physical quantities immediately after the system is brought in contact with its environments. The ultimate cause of this is an initial imbalance between system-environment correlations and coupling. In this paper we demonstrate explicitly how to avoid these unphysical behaviors by proper adjustments of correlations and/or the coupling, for setups of both theoretical and experimental interest. We provide simple analytical results in terms of quantities that appear in linear (as opposed to affine) master equations derived for factorized initial states.
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Exact master equation and quantum decoherence of two coupled harmonic oscillators in a general environment. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:011112. [PMID: 18351823 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we derive an exact master equation for two coupled quantum harmonic oscillators interacting via bilinear coupling with a common environment at arbitrary temperature made up of many harmonic oscillators with a general spectral density function. We first show a simple derivation based on the observation that the two harmonic oscillator model can be effectively mapped into that of a single harmonic oscillator in a general environment plus a free harmonic oscillator. Since the exact one harmonic oscillator master equation is available [B. L. Hu, J. P. Paz, and Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 45, 2843 (1992)], the exact master equation with all its coefficients for this two harmonic oscillator model can be easily deduced from the known results of the single harmonic oscillator case. In the second part we give an influence functional treatment of this model and provide explicit expressions for the evolutionary operator of the reduced density matrix which are useful for the study of decoherence and disentanglement issues. We show three applications of this master equation: on the decoherence and disentanglement of two harmonic oscillators due to their interaction with a common environment under Markovian approximation, and a derivation of the uncertainty principle at finite temperature for a composite object, modeled by two interacting harmonic oscillators. The exact master equation for two, and its generalization to N, harmonic oscillators interacting with a general environment are expected to be useful for the analysis of quantum coherence, entanglement, fluctuations, and dissipation of mesoscopic objects toward the construction of a theoretical framework for macroscopic quantum phenomena.
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18
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Comment on "Enhancing acceleration radiation from ground-state atoms via cavity quantum electrodynamics". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:129301-129302. [PMID: 15447315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.129301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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19
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[Kinetics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation]. SHENG WU GONG CHENG XUE BAO = CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 17:193-8. [PMID: 11411230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation was studied. The cell yield was 1.573 mgVS (mmolNH4+)-1 and the cell decay coefficient was 0.052 mgVS(gVS.d)-1. The maximal rate of anaerobic ammonia oxidation and nitrite conversion rate by the mixed culture were 1.320-2.761 mmol(gVS.d)-1 and 14.497 mmol(gVS.d)-1, respectively. Km for ammonia and for nitrite were 1.801-4.215 and 0.468 mmol.L-1. Ki for ammonia was 38.018-98.465 mmol.L-1, the optimal ammonia concentration was 16.656 mmol.L-1. Ki for nitrite was 5.401-11.995 mmol.L-1. The optimal pH was around 7.5 and the theoretical value was 7.605. The optimal temperature was about 30 degrees C. The activation energy for Vmaxa, Kma, Kia and Kin was 37.316, 30.239, 33.695 and 30.473 kJ.mol-1.
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Stochastic theory of accelerated detectors in a quantum field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 53:7003-7019. [PMID: 10019987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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21
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Quantum fluctuations, decoherence of the mean field, and structure formation in the early Universe. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1995; 52:6770-6788. [PMID: 10019218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.6770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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22
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Decoherence, delocalization, and irreversibility in quantum chaotic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:2497-2509. [PMID: 9963693 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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23
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Back reaction in semiclassical gravity: The Einstein-Langevin equation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1995; 51:1577-1586. [PMID: 10018625 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.51.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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24
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Fluctuation-dissipation relation for semiclassical cosmology. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1995; 51:1587-1606. [PMID: 10018626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.51.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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25
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Noise and fluctuations in semiclassical gravity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 49:6636-6655. [PMID: 10016988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.6636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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26
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Quantum Brownian motion in a bath of parametric oscillators: A model for system-field interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 49:6612-6635. [PMID: 10016987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.6612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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27
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Quantum Brownian motion in a general environment. II. Nonlinear coupling and perturbative approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 47:1576-1594. [PMID: 10015735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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28
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Hemodynamic evaluation of bovine pericardial xenograft valves in the mitral position by stress Doppler echocardiography. Chin Med J (Engl) 1993; 106:40-4. [PMID: 8504681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of a bovine pericardial xenograft valve in the mitral position was studied in 18 patients by using stress Doppler echocardiography after submaximal supine exercise. In 10 patients with normally functioning tissue valve, peak and mean gradients increased from 9.3 +/- 1.3 and 2.7 +/- 0.7 mmHg, respectively at rest, to 14.7 +/- 0.9 and 4.1 +/- 1.0 mmHg at peak exercise. The tissue valve area assessed by the Doppler pressure half-time method increased from 2.69 +/- 0.38 cm2 at rest, to 3.15 +/- 0.38 cm2 at peak exercise (P < 0.05). In 6 patients with mitral regurgitation, peak and mean gradients increased from 17.3 +/- 5.3 and 7.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg, respectively at rest, to 24.3 +/- 5.0 and 9.0 +/- 2.6 mmHg at peak exercise, but there was no significant change in valve area at peak exercise. Patients with severe isolated mitral regurgitation had a Vmax of more than 2 m/s and elevated pressure gradients at peak exercise. But the pressure half-time was relatively unaffected, allowing their differentiation from patients with tissue valvular stenosis. Stress Doppler echocardiography is a simple, noninvasive and reliable method for the evaluation of the mitral tissue valve function which is recommendable for patients with suspected mitral tissue valve dysfunction.
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Quantum Brownian motion in a general environment: Exact master equation with nonlocal dissipation and colored noise. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 45:2843-2861. [PMID: 10014675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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30
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Validity of the minisuperspace approximation: An example from interacting quantum field theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1991; 44:1028-1037. [PMID: 10013963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Wigner distribution function and phase-space formulation of quantum cosmology. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1989; 40:380-389. [PMID: 10011826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.40.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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32
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Dissipation of quantum fields from particle creation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1989; 40:656-659. [PMID: 10011859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.40.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Infrared behavior of quasilocal systems at finite temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1989; 39:3647-3653. [PMID: 9959625 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.39.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Symmetry behavior in cosmological spacetimes: Effect of slowly varying background fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1988; 38:2423-2433. [PMID: 9959404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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The Fradkin School:
Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Statistics
. Essays in Honour of the Sixtieth Birthday of E. S. Fradkin. I. A. Batalin, C. J. Isham, and G. A. Vilkovisky, Eds. Hilger, Bristol, U.K., 1987 (U.S. distributor, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia). In two volumes. Vol. 1, Quantum Statistics and Methods of Field Theory. xxii, 697 pp., illus. Vol. 2, Models of Field Theory. xxii, 599 pp., illus. $385. Science 1988; 241:855. [PMID: 17829182 DOI: 10.1126/science.241.4867.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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36
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Nonequilibrium quantum fields: Closed-time-path effective action, Wigner function, and Boltzmann equation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1988; 37:2878-2900. [PMID: 9958563 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.37.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Quantum kinetic field theory in curved spacetime: Covariant Wigner function and Liouville-Vlasov equations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1988; 37:2901-2919. [PMID: 9958564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.37.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Symmetry behavior in curved spacetime: Finite-size effect and dimensional reduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 36:1701-1715. [PMID: 9958353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.36.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Entropy generation in cosmological particle creation and interactions: A statistical subdynamics analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 35:1776-1792. [PMID: 9957852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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41
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Closed-time-path functional formalism in curved spacetime: Application to cosmological back-reaction problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 35:495-509. [PMID: 9957683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Finite-temperature quantum field theory in curved spacetime: Quasilocal effective Lagrangians. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1987; 35:510-527. [PMID: 9957684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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44
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Infrared behavior and finite-size effects in inflationary cosmology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:1613-1616. [PMID: 10032722 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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45
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Symmetry behavior of the static Taub universe: Effect of curvature anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1985; 31:2401-2423. [PMID: 9955538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.31.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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[Heart tumors: clinical analysis of 8 cases]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 1983; 22:141-3. [PMID: 6872690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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[Clinical observations on effects of disopyramide on arrhythmias]. ZHONGGUO YI XUE KE XUE YUAN XUE BAO. ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE SINICAE 1981; 3 Suppl 1:60-2. [PMID: 6459881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Changes in number and location of health practitioners in a 20-county rural area of Missouri. Public Health Rep 1975; 90:313-8. [PMID: 808816 PMCID: PMC1437740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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