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Schrock MS, Scarberry L, Stromberg BR, Sears C, Torres AE, Tallman D, Krupinski L, Chakravarti A, Summers MK. MKLP2 functions in early mitosis to ensure proper chromosome congression. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275559. [PMID: 35638575 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKLP2) is a motor protein with a well-established function in promoting cytokinesis. However, our results with siRNAs targeting MKLP2 and small molecule inhibitors of MKLP2 (MKLP2i) suggested a function earlier in mitosis, prior to anaphase. In this study we provide direct evidence that MKLP2 facilitates chromosome congression in prometaphase. We employed live imaging to observe HeLa cells with fluorescently tagged histones treated with MKLP2i and discovered a pronounced chromosome congression defect. We show that MKLP2 facilitates error correction as inhibited cells had a significant increase in unstable, syntelic kinetochore-microtubule attachments. We find that the aberrant attachments are accompanied by elevated Aurora Kinase (A/B) activity and phosphorylation of the downstream target, pHEC1 (Ser 55). Lastly, we show that MKLP2 inhibition results in aneuploidy, confirming that MKLP2 safeguards cells against chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Schrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Luke Scarberry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate, Program The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R Stromberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate, Program The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Claire Sears
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Undergraduate Studies, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43022, USA
| | - Adrian E Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Tallman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lucas Krupinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Stromberg BR, Singh M, Torres AE, Burrows AC, Pal D, Insinna C, Rhee Y, Dickson AS, Westlake CJ, Summers MK. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 enhances CHK1 activity to promote the cellular response to replication stress. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101184. [PMID: 34509474 PMCID: PMC8487067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 is known to contribute to timely onset of S phase and progression of mitosis. However, it is not clear if USP37 is required beyond S-phase entry despite expression and activity of USP37 peaking within S phase. We have utilized flow cytometry and microscopy to analyze populations of replicating cells labeled with thymidine analogs and monitored mitotic entry in synchronized cells to determine that USP37-depleted cells exhibited altered S-phase kinetics. Further analysis revealed that cells depleted of USP37 harbored increased levels of the replication stress and DNA damage markers γH2AX and 53BP1 in response to perturbed replication. Depletion of USP37 also reduced cellular proliferation and led to increased sensitivity to agents that induce replication stress. Underlying the increased sensitivity, we found that the checkpoint kinase 1 is destabilized in the absence of USP37, attenuating its function. We further demonstrated that USP37 deubiquitinates checkpoint kinase 1, promoting its stability. Together, our results establish that USP37 is required beyond S-phase entry to promote the efficiency and fidelity of replication. These data further define the role of USP37 in the regulation of cell proliferation and contribute to an evolving understanding of USP37 as a multifaceted regulator of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Stromberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adrian E Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy C Burrows
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Debjani Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Insinna
- NCI-Frederick National Laboratory, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yosup Rhee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S Dickson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- NCI-Frederick National Laboratory, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Walker JS, Hing ZA, Harrington B, Baumhardt J, Ozer HG, Lehman A, Giacopelli B, Beaver L, Williams K, Skinner JN, Cempre CB, Sun Q, Shacham S, Stromberg BR, Summers MK, Abruzzo LV, Rassenti L, Kipps TJ, Parikh S, Kay NE, Rogers KA, Woyach JA, Coppola V, Chook YM, Oakes C, Byrd JC, Lapalombella R. Recurrent XPO1 mutations alter pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:17. [PMID: 33451349 PMCID: PMC7809770 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) is a key mediator of nuclear export with relevance to multiple cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Whole exome sequencing has identified hot-spot somatic XPO1 point mutations which we found to disrupt highly conserved biophysical interactions in the NES-binding groove, conferring novel cargo-binding abilities and forcing cellular mis-localization of critical regulators. However, the pathogenic role played by change-in-function XPO1 mutations in CLL is not fully understood. METHODS We performed a large, multi-center retrospective analysis of CLL cases (N = 1286) to correlate nonsynonymous mutations in XPO1 (predominantly E571K or E571G; n = 72) with genetic and epigenetic features contributing to the overall outcomes in these patients. We then established a mouse model with over-expression of wildtype (wt) or mutant (E571K or E571G) XPO1 restricted to the B cell compartment (Eµ-XPO1). Eµ-XPO1 mice were then crossed with the Eµ-TCL1 CLL mouse model. Lastly, we determined crystal structures of XPO1 (wt or E571K) bound to several selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) molecules (KPT-185, KPT-330/Selinexor, and KPT-8602/Eltanexor). RESULTS We report that nonsynonymous mutations in XPO1 associate with high risk genetic and epigenetic features and accelerated CLL progression. Using the newly-generated Eµ-XPO1 mouse model, we found that constitutive B-cell over-expression of wt or mutant XPO1 could affect development of a CLL-like disease in aged mice. Furthermore, concurrent B-cell expression of XPO1 with E571K or E571G mutations and TCL1 accelerated the rate of leukemogenesis relative to that of Eµ-TCL1 mice. Lastly, crystal structures of E571 or E571K-XPO1 bound to SINEs, including Selinexor, are highly similar, suggesting that the activity of this class of compounds will not be affected by XPO1 mutations at E571 in patients with CLL. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that mutations in XPO1 at E571 can drive leukemogenesis by priming the pre-neoplastic lymphocytes for acquisition of additional genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that collectively result in neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek S Walker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zachary A Hing
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bonnie Harrington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Baumhardt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hatice Gulcin Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Giacopelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Larry Beaver
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Katie Williams
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jordan N Skinner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Casey B Cempre
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | | | - Benjamin R Stromberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynne V Abruzzo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Parikh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kerry A Rogers
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Oakes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 OSUCCC, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Pal D, Torres AE, Stromberg BR, Messina AL, Dickson AS, De K, Willard B, Venere M, Summers MK. Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 promotes the SCF βTRCP-dependent degradation of Cdh1 during S-phase and efficient cell-cycle progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:298. [PMID: 32345958 PMCID: PMC7188793 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
APC/CCdh1 is a ubiquitin ligase with roles in numerous diverse processes, including control of cellular proliferation and multiple aspects of the DNA damage response. Precise regulation of APC/CCdh1 activity is central to efficient cell-cycle progression and cellular homeostasis. Here, we have identified Cdh1 as a direct substrate of the replication stress checkpoint effector kinase Chk1 and demonstrate that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 contributes to its recognition by the SCFβTRCP ubiquitin ligase, promotes efficient S-phase entry, and is important for cellular proliferation during otherwise unperturbed cell cycles. We also find that prolonged Chk1 activity in late S/G2 inhibits Cdh1 accumulation. In addition to promoting control of APC/CCdh1 activity by facilitating Cdh1 destruction, we find that Chk1 also antagonizes activity of the ligase by perturbing the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC/C. Overall, these data suggest that the rise and fall of Chk1 activity contributes to the regulation of APC/CCdh1 activity that enhances the replication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Adrian E Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R Stromberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abbey L Messina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andrew S Dickson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kuntal De
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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