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Modified pyridine-triazole and 2,2'-bipyrimidine ligands generating robust titanium complexes constructed around a TiO 4N 2 core. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17008-17022. [PMID: 34738604 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of novel chelate nitrogen ligands with phasmidic tails (pyridine-triazole ligand 1b; 2,2'-bipyrimidine ligands 2b and 3b) as well as their titanium(IV) coordination complexes are reported. The analogous ligands 1a, 2a and 3a with methoxy substituents instead of the tails were also synthesized, together with titanium complexes that could be crystallographically characterised. A good agreement is noticed between analytical data of the complexes in solution (NMR) and in the solid state (X-ray diffraction). The complexes are overall robust on phases like alumina or silica, so that they could be characterised by TLC and sometimes chromatographied. Supramolecular architectures were generated from an equimolar solution of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, ligand 1a and a polyphenol ligand 5-H4, leading to a double-stranded helicate characterised by MS, NMR and crystallography, which was then converted into a trinuclear complex as shown by MS and NMR DOSY data. The liquid-crystalline behaviour of the ligands 1b, 2b and 3b incorporating the long alkyl tails and that of the complexes derived from these ligands have been investigated.
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Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel or FOLFIRI in platinum-refractory advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma-experience at two centres. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:366-375. [PMID: 32399277 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2020.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ramucirumab is a VEGFR-2 antibody that has proven to prolong overall survival (OS) in patients with pretreated metastatic gastric/gastrooesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. We present data from patients treated with ramucirumab and paclitaxel or FOLFIRI after failure of at least one platinum- and 5-FU-containing chemotherapy (CHT) regimen. Methods In this retrospective two-center study, 56 patients with metastatic gastric cancer (47%) or adenocarcinoma of the GEJ (53%) were treated with paclitaxel and ramucirumab (n=38) as second-line (75%) or beyond second-line (25%) therapy. FOLFIRI-ramucirumab (FOLFIRI-R) (n=16) was given to patients with a short interval between taxane-based perioperative CHT and occurrence of metastatic disease or to those ineligible for paclitaxel. Results The median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS for patients treated with paclitaxel-ramucirumab (pacl-R) were 2.9 (95% CI: 2.3-3.6) and 4.4 (4.1-4.7) months, respectively, and those for patients treated with FOLFIRI-R were 5.9 (95% CI: 0.35-11.4) and 8.3 (6.6-10) months, respectively (P=0.05). We observed a trend towards prolonged PFS after perioperative taxane-based FLOT CHT (n=12) with FOLFIRI-R compared with pacl-R. Adverse events were manageable, with neutropenia and polyneuropathy (PNP) being the most common events. More than two treatment lines were given to 48.2% of patients. Conclusions The use of ramucirumab in combination with FOLFIRI showed favourable PFS and OS in patients with prior treatments with platinum and/or taxane-based agents and allows further treatment lines after progression. In patients with taxane pretreatment or persistent high-grade PNP, the combination of FOLFIRI-R might be a promising combination.
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Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: does sequence matter? BMC Cancer 2019; 19:28. [PMID: 30621630 PMCID: PMC6325849 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remains - despite the implementation of new chemotherapy protocols - a disease with short overall survival (OS). METHODS Eighty-three patients were treated with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with either FOLFIRINOX or nab-Paclitxel and Gemcitabine (nabPGem) as first- or second line therapy. We analysed the outcome for OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in terms of treatment regimen and sequence. RESULTS The majority of patients presented in good performance status (PS) with a median age of 68 years. Fourty-two patients received FOLFIRINOX as first-line therapy, 41 patients were treated with nabPGem as first line therapy. Forty-eight patients received both treatments. The OS of all 83 patients was 12.6 months (95% CI: 10.7-14.6), resulting in a 1-year OS of 54%. Forty-eight patients received FOLFIRINOX followed by nabPGem or vice versa. There was no significant difference in OS or PFS for either of the two sequences (p = 0.9). The OS for FOLFIRINOX followed by nabPGem or nabPGem followed by FOLFIRINOX was 13.7 months (95% CI: 12.6-14.7) and 13.8 months (95% CI: 8.6-19), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The sequence FOLFIRINOX followed by nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine or vice versa lead to an equal OS outcome.
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Abstract
A Ti(iv)-complex with thermotropic liquid crystal properties is reported.
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Successful therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum with a Janus kinase 2 inhibitor. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:504-505. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Immunogenicity of oncolytic vaccinia viruses JX-GFP and TG6002 in a human melanoma in vitro model: studying immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell maturation and interaction with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2389-2401. [PMID: 28496337 PMCID: PMC5422459 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Oncolytic viruses with genetic modifications can further enhance the oncolytic effects on tumor cells and stimulate antitumor immunity. The oncolytic vaccinia viruses JX-594-GFP+/hGM-CSF (JX-GFP) and TG6002 are genetically modified by secreting granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or transforming 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We compared their properties to kill tumor cells and induce an immunogenic type of cell death in a human melanoma cell model using SK29-MEL melanoma cells. Their influence on human immune cells, specifically regarding the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the interaction with the autologous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone, was investigated. Melanoma cells were infected with either JX-GFP or TG6002 alone or in combination with 5-FC and 5-FU. The influence of viral infection on cell viability followed a time- and multiplicity of infection dependent manner. Combination of virus treatment with 5-FU resulted in stronger reduction of cell viability. TG6002 in combination with 5-FC did not significantly strengthen the reduction of cell viability in this setting. Expression of calreticulin and high mobility group 1 protein (HMGB1), markers of immunogenic cell death (ICD), could be detected after viral infection. Accordingly, DC maturation was noted after viral oncolysis. DCs presented stronger expression of activation and maturation markers. The autologous CTL clone IVSB expressed the activation marker CD69, but viral treatment failed to enhance cytotoxicity marker. In summary, vaccinia viruses JX-GFP and TG6002 lyse melanoma cells and induce additional immunostimulatory effects to promote antitumor immune response. Further investigation in vivo is needed to consolidate the data.
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Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids are the most effective polyunsaturated fatty acids for dietary prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions from clinical studies. World Rev Nutr Diet 2015; 69:74-112. [PMID: 1441585 DOI: 10.1159/000421667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Update REVEL: Eine randomisierte, doppelblinde Phase III Studie von Docetaxel (DOC) und Ramucirumab (RAM; IMC-1121B) versus DOC und Placebo (PL) in der Zweitlinienbehandlung des Nicht-Kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms im Stadium IV nach Progression der Erkrankung nach einer Platin-basierten Vortherapie. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Synthesis, structure and properties of fully biobased thermoplastic polyurethanes, obtained from a diisocyanate based on modified dimer fatty acids, and different renewable diols. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab or everolimus for HER2-negative primary breast cancer (GBG 44-GeparQuinto)†. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:2363-2372. [PMID: 25223482 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GeparQuinto study showed that adding bevacizumab to 24 weeks of anthracycline-taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases pathological complete response (pCR) rates overall and specifically in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). No difference in pCR rate was observed for adding everolimus to paclitaxel in nonearly responding patients. Here, we present disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (n = 1948) with HER2-negative tumors of a median tumor size of 4 cm were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant treatment with epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (EC-T) with or without eight infusions of bevacizumab every 3 weeks before surgery. Patients without clinical response to EC ± Bevacizumab were randomized to 12 weekly cycles paclitaxel with or without everolimus 5 mg/day. To detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (α = 0.05, β = 0.8) 379 events had to be observed in the bevacizumab arms. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 3-year DFS was 80.8% and 3-year OS was 89.7%. Outcome was not different for patients receiving bevacizumab (HR 1.03; P = 0.784 for DFS and HR 0.974; P = 0.842 for OS) compared with patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Patients with TNBC similarly showed no improvement in DFS (HR = 0.99; P = 0.941) and OS (HR = 1.02; P = 0.891) when treated with bevacizumab. No other predefined subgroup (HR+/HER2-; locally advanced (cT4 or cN3) or not; cT1-3 or cT4; pCR or not) showed a significant benefit. No difference in DFS (HR 0.997; P = 0.987) and OS (HR 1.11; P = 0.658) was observed for nonearly responding patients receiving paclitaxel with or without everolimus overall as well as in subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term results, in opposite to the results of pCR, do not support the neoadjuvant use of bevacizumab in addition to an anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy or everolimus in addition to paclitaxel for nonearly responding patients. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT 00567554, www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Photophysical, amplified spontaneous emission and charge transport properties of oligofluorene derivatives in thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16941-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the charge transport, photophysical and amplified spontaneous emission properties of a series of monodisperse solution-processable oligofluorenes functionalized with hexyl chains at the C9 position of each fluorene unit.
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Damping in yttrium iron garnet nanoscale films capped by platinum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:106601. [PMID: 25166689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong damping enhancement in nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films due to Pt capping layers was observed. This damping is substantially larger than the expected damping due to conventional spin pumping, is accompanied by a shift in the ferromagnetic resonance field, and can be suppressed by the use of a Cu spacer in between the YIG and Pt films. The data indicate that such damping may originate from the ferromagnetic ordering in Pt atomic layers near the YIG/Pt interface and the dynamic exchange coupling between the ordered Pt spins and the spins in the YIG film.
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Puckering stick-slip friction induced by a sliding nanoscale contact. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:084301. [PMID: 24010441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.084301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An atomic force microscope reveals that the sliding of a nanotip on a graphite surface occurs through a nanoscale stick-slip mechanism. The angle between the sliding direction and a stiff crystallographic axis determines the periodicity of the slip events defining domains of various friction properties. The experimental data are interpreted using the reaction rate theory, with the energy barrier driven by a local deformation of the surface and a thermally activated relaxation.
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Abstract P5-20-01: A randomized double-blind phase II study of the combination of oral WX-671 plus capecitabine vs. capecitabine monotherapy in first-line HER2− negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p5-20-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 play a key role in tumor invasion, metastasis and tumor growth. High levels of uPA and PAI-1 in breast tumors are statistically significant prognostic factors of disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS), which were validated at the highest level of evidence, as well as predictors for benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. WX-UK1 is an active site competitive inhibitor of uPA with an inhibition constant in the submicromolar range. WX-671 (upamostat) is an oral prodrug of WX-UK1. In preclinical animal tumor models, both WX-UK1 and WX-671 have been shown to reduce the growth rate of implanted tumors, to inhibit invasion, and reduce metastases. This current proof of concept study is designed to substantiate the anti-metastatic properties of upamostat for patients appropriate for first line therapy for MBC.
Methods: Female patients aged >18, with HER2 negative MBC appropriate for first line monotherapy with capecitabine, with adequate performance status, organ function, bone marrow reserve without brain metastases were eligible. Patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive upamostat (200mg orally daily for 21 days) plus capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days) vs. capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days) in 3 week treatment cycles until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint is to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of upamostat plus capecitabine compared to monotherapy as assessed by comparison of progression free survival. The secondary objectives are OS, objective response rates, safety and tolerability, and to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of upamostat and capecitabine when combined.
Results: Between August 2008 and April 2011,132 patients were enrolled. 17 patients are still receiving treatment. 26% of the patients are characterized as triple negative, 13% as only Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive and 4% as only Progesteron Receptor (PR) positive. 57 % of the patients are ER and PR positive.
Conclusions: Progression free survival, response rates and safety will be reported. This abstract is being submitted as a placeholder. A completed abstract will be submitted when the analyses are completed.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-20-01.
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Studies of Exchange Coupling in Fe (001) Whisker/Cr/Fe Structures using BLS and Rheed Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe conditions for an almost perfect growth of smooth Cr (001) films on an iron whisker substrate have been investigated by means of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The exchange interaction between 20 Monolayer thick Fe (001) films separated from a bulk whisker Fe (001) substrate by a variable number of Cr (001) Monolayers (ML) has been investigated by means of Brillouin light scattering experiments (BLS). These experiments show unambiguously that the exchange coupling strength between the iron film and the iron whisker can be described by a short wavelength oscillatory term superposed on a slowly varying antiferromagnetic background. The BLS data enabled one to separate the bilinear and the biquadratic contributions to the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling terms. Both the bilinear and the biquadratic coupling strengths exhibited a short period oscillatory dependence on the Cr interlayer thickness (∼2 Monolayers). Maxima in the bilinear antiferromagnetic coupling strength occur for an odd number of Cr Monolayers. This observation is not in agreement with first principles calculations. The first phase inversion has been found to occur between 4 and 5 ML of Cr.
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In-Situ Techniques for Studying Epitaxially Grown Layers and Determining their Magnetic Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-151-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTUltrathin films of bcc Fe (001) on Ag (001) and Fe/Ni (001) bilayers on Ag were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A wide range of surface science tools (RHEED, REELFS, AES, and XPS) were employed to establish the quality of epitaxial growth. Ferromagnetic resonance and Brillouin light scattering were used to extract the magnetic properties. Emphasis was placed on the study of magnetic anisotropies. Large uniaxial anisotropies with the easy axis perpendicular to the film surface were observed in all ultrathin structures studied. In sufficiently thin samples the saturation magnetization was oriented perpendicular to the film surface in the absence of an applied field. It has been demonstrated that in bcc Fe films the uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy originates at the film interfaces. Fe/Ni bilayers were also investigated. Ni grows in the pure bcc structure for the first 3–6ML and then transforms to a new structure which exhibits unique magnetic properties. Transformed ultrathin bilayers possesses large in-plane 4th order anisotropies far surpassing those observed in bulk Fe and Ni. The large 4th order anisotropies originate in crystallographic defects formed during the Ni lattice transformation.
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Gemcitabine (G) and cisplatin (C) as first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Results of phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
273 Background: G has been studied in combination with a variety of agents known to be active in cancer. G has a mild toxicity profile. GC is active in various advanced tumors. Splitting of C dose (D 1 + d8) is better tolerated and can be a good alternative to once a cycle in pts with advanced breast cancer. This phase II trial evaluates G (1000 mg/m2) C (35 mg/ m2) d1+8 repeated every 21 d in the 1st-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The primary objective of the study was to determine the objective tumor response rate (ORR) of 1st-line GC in patients with metastatic breast cancer.The one-stage design tested the null hypothesis that the true response rate for this population should be equal to 50% for efficacy. Overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP) and toxicity were evaluated. Methods: 70 female MBC pts with the median age of 49.8 ys (range 29.6-80.0) were enrolled. Tumor assessment was performed every other cycle by standard criteria including CT or MRI. 67 pts received a total of 310 cycles GC, out of these 54 pts were evaluable for efficacy. Results: Complete and partial responses were observed in 7/54 (13.0%) and 19/54 (35.2%) evaluable pts, respectively with an overall response of 48.2%. Disease stabilization was noticed in 19/54 (35.2%) pts. Progression was observed in 5/54 (9.3%) pts. TTP was 33.9 weeks (95% CI, 23.9-48.0). OS was 84.0 weeks (95% CI, 58.6-119.3). 1-year overall survival rate was 68.4% (95% CI, 53.6-79.3%). Hematological toxicity G4 was neutropenia in 14.9% (10/67), and no G4 thrombocytopenia. Hypotension G4 (1.5%) was the only severe non-hematological toxicity. Conclusions: GC in the first-line treatment of MBC, demonstrated a substantial overall response rate and had a good toxicity profile. GC is a suitable option for first-line MBC in selected pts.
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Spin pumping at the magnetic insulator (YIG)/normal metal (Au) interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:066604. [PMID: 21902353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.066604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spin injection across the ferrimagnetic insulator (YIG)/normal metal (Au) interface was studied by ferromagnetic resonance. The spin mixing conductance was determined by comparing the Gilbert damping in bare YIG films with those covered by a Au/Fe/Au structure. The Fe layer in Au/Fe/Au acted as a spin sink as displayed by an increased Gilbert damping parameter α compared to that in the bare YIG. In particular, for the 9.0 nm YIG/2.0 nm Au/4.3 nm Fe/6.1 nm Au structure, the YIG and Fe films were coupled by an interlayer exchange coupling, and the exchange coupled YIG exhibited an increased Gilbert damping compared to the bare YIG. This relationship between static and dynamic coupling provides direct evidence for spin pumping. The transfer of spin momentum across the YIG interface is surprisingly efficient with the spin mixing conductance g(↑↓) ≃ 1.2 × 10(14) cm(-2).
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Interim results of a randomized phase II study with window-design to evaluate antitumor activity of the survivin antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) LY2181308 in combination with docetaxel for first-line treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Erlotinib (Tarceva®) in der Routinebehandlung des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms nach Versagen einer vorangegangenen Chemotherapie. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Control of the transition temperatures of metallomesogens by specific interface design: application to Mn12 single molecule magnets. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12028-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A prospective multicenter phase II study of oral and i.v. vinorelbine plus trastuzumab as first-line therapy in HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:603-608. [PMID: 20724574 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral and i.v. vinorelbine plus trastuzumab as first-line regimen in a patient-convenient application for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing patients with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two women were enrolled in a multicenter study. The patients received i.v. vinorelbine at a dose of 25 mg/m(2) on day 1 followed by oral vinorelbine at a dose of 60 mg/m(2) on days 8 and 15 in a 3-week cycle. Standard dose trastuzumab was given at 3-week intervals. RESULTS Complete response was observed in 7 patients (18.9%) and partial response in 19 patients (51.4%), for an overall response rate of 70.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 53.0-84.1]. The disease control rate reached 91.9% (95% CI 78.1-98.3). The median time to progression was 9.3 months, while median overall survival reached 35.6 months. Hematological and non-hematological toxic effects were acceptable with grade 3-4 leukopenia of 14% and neutropenia of 38%; cardiac toxicity did not reach the level of clinical relevance. CONCLUSION The combination of i.v. and oral vinorelbine plus trastuzumab demonstrates high activity and good tolerability in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. In addition, it offers convenience for the patients with only one i.v. treatment every 3 weeks.
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Abstract
At high ambient temperatures, honeybees regulate head teriperature by evaporative cooling of regurgitated honeycrop contents. Thoracic temperature is secondarily stabilized as heat flows from thorax to head by means of passive conduction and physiological facilitation resulting from accelerated blood flow. The mechanism permits flight at the extraordinarily high ambient temperature of 46 degrees C without overheating the head and thorax despite prodigious amounts of heat produced as a by-product of flight metabolism. In contrast, at low ambient temperatures, thoracic rather than head temperature is regulated; no liquid is regurgitated, and the head is heated passively by conduction both in flight and while stationary.
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Invasive Infektionen durch Gruppe B-Streptokokken (Streptococcus agalactiae) bei Neugeborenen und jungen Säuglingen in Deutschland – Aktuelle Ergebnisse der laufenden ESPED-Studie. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Epidemiologie invasiver Infektionen durch Escherichia coli bei Neugeborenen und jungen Säuglingen in Deutschland – Aktuelle Ergebnisse der laufenden ESPED-Studie. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
The YTH (YT521-B homology) domain was identified by sequence comparison and is found in 174 different proteins expressed in eukaryotes. It is characterized by 14 invariant residues within an alpha-helix/beta-sheet structure. Here we show that the YTH domain is a novel RNA binding domain that binds to a short, degenerated, single-stranded RNA sequence motif. The presence of the binding motif in alternative exons is necessary for YT521-B to directly influence splice site selection in vivo. Array analyses demonstrate that YT521-B predominantly regulates vertebrate-specific exons. An NMR titration experiment identified the binding surface for single-stranded RNA on the YTH domain. Structural analyses indicate that the YTH domain is related to the pseudouridine synthase and archaeosine transglycosylase (PUA) domain. Our data show that the YTH domain conveys RNA binding ability to a new class of proteins that are found in all eukaryotic organisms.
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[Process and outcome quality of the German Paediatric Surveillance Unit (ESPED)]. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2010; 222:92-7. [PMID: 20146163 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The German paediatric surveillance unit (ESPED) was founded in 1992 with the objective to generate incidence data and to describe symptoms, diagnostic procedures, therapy and prevention for rare paediatric diseases requiring in hospital treatment. Every month the ESPED office sends a mailing card to the heads of all paediatric departments asking for the incident diagnosis of up to 12 conditions. In 2007 about 96% of the cards are returned. Each condition is represented by a principal investigator. Up till now surveillance of 52 conditions has been performed. Reports on the mailing card prompt immediate mailing of the full questionnaire. For 43 conditions the return rates were in the range of 70-100% and for 7 conditions <70% (unknown 2). The highest return rates were achieved if the principal investigator was supported by staff comprising at least two persons or if the mailing of the questionnaire was handled by the ESPED office. The scientific impact of the ESPED System was assessed by the impact factors of the journals, in which the respective ESPED studies were published. By August 31 (st) 2008 the investigators of 38 studies reported up to 7 publications per conditions surveyed. A total of 104 publications was reported: 27 of these appeared in journals without an impact factor. Among the 77 other publications 10 appeared in journals with an impact factor >10. CONCLUSION Surveillance in ESPED has contributed significantly to high quality research on rare conditions in children.
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A Procedure to Develop Metrics for Currency and its Application in CRM. ACM JOURNAL OF DATA AND INFORMATION QUALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1145/1515693.1515697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of using up-to-date data in information systems, this article analyzes how the data-quality dimension currency can be quantified. Based on several requirements (e.g., normalization and interpretability) and a literature review, we design a procedure to develop probability-based metrics for currency which can be adjusted to the specific characteristics of data attribute values. We evaluate the presented procedure with regard to the requirements and illustrate the applicability as well as its practical benefit. In cooperation with a major German mobile services provider, the procedure was applied in the field of campaign management in order to improve both success rates and profits.
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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G regulates splice site selection by binding to CC(A/C)-rich regions in pre-mRNA. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14303-15. [PMID: 19282290 PMCID: PMC2682879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m901026200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost every protein-coding gene undergoes pre-mRNA splicing, and the majority of these pre-mRNAs are alternatively spliced. Alternative exon usage is regulated by the transient formation of protein complexes on the pre-mRNA that typically contain heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). Here we characterize hnRNP G, a member of the hnRNP class of proteins. We show that hnRNP G is a nuclear protein that is expressed in different concentrations in various tissues and that interacts with other splicing regulatory proteins. hnRNP G is part of the supraspliceosome, where it regulates alternative splice site selection in a concentration-dependent manner. Its action on alternative exons can occur without a functional RNA-recognition motif by binding to other splicing regulatory proteins. The RNA-recognition motif of hnRNP G binds to a loose consensus sequence containing a CC(A/C) motif, and hnRNP G preferentially regulates alternative exons where this motif is clustered in close proximity. The X-chromosomally encoded hnRNP G regulates different RNAs than its Y-chromosomal paralogue RNA-binding motif protein, Y-linked (RBMY), suggesting that differences in alternative splicing, evoked by the sex-specific expression of hnRNP G and RBMY, could contribute to molecular sex differences in mammals.
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[EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitor-associated skin disorders in tumor therapy]. MMW Fortschr Med 2008; 150:37-40. [PMID: 19133368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Mesophase semiconductors: design for 3D-mesophases with effective paths for electronic charge hopping. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308099005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Haploinsufficiency of the germ cell-specific nuclear RNA binding protein hnRNP G-T prevents functional spermatogenesis in the mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2803-18. [PMID: 18562473 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human HNRNPGT, encoding the protein hnRNP G-T, is one of several autosomal retrogenes derived from RBMX. It has been suggested that HNRNPGT functionally replaces the sex-linked RBMX and RBMY genes during male meiosis. We show here that during normal mouse germ cell development, hnRNP G-T protein is strongly expressed during and after meiosis when proteins expressed from Rbmx or Rbmx-like genes are absent. Amongst these Rbmx-like genes, DNA sequence analyses indicate that two other mouse autosomal Rbmx-derived retrogenes have evolved recently in rodents and one already shows signs of degenerating into a non-expressed pseudogene. In contrast, orthologues of Hnrnpgt are present in all four major groups of placental mammals. The sequence of Hnrnpgt is under considerable positive selection suggesting it performs an important germ cell function in eutherians. To test this, we inactivated Hnrnpgt in ES cells and studied its function during spermatogenesis in chimaeric mice. Although germ cells heterozygous for this targeted allele could produce sperm, they did not contribute to the next generation. Chimaeric mice with a high level of mutant germ cells were infertile with low sperm counts and a high frequency of degenerate seminiferous tubules and abnormal sperm. Chimaeras made from a 1:1 mix of targeted and wild-type ES cell clones transmitted wild-type germ cells only. Our data show that haploinsufficiency of Hnrnpgt results in abnormal sperm production in the mouse. Genetic defects resulting in reduced levels of HNRNPGT could, therefore, be a cause of male infertility in humans.
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Oral and intravenous vinorelbine plus trastuzumab for 1st-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A trial of the german AIO breast cancer group. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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[Fever--a cardinal symptom in medicine]. MMW Fortschr Med 2008; 150:46-51. [PMID: 18300646 DOI: 10.1007/bf03365280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Size-dependent surface states of strained cobalt nanoislands on Cu(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:246102. [PMID: 18233461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.246102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy over Co nanoislands on Cu(111) showed that the surface states of the islands vary with their size. Occupied states exhibit a sizable downward energy shift as the island size decreases. The position of the occupied states also significantly changes across the islands. Atomic-scale simulations and ab initio calculations demonstrate that the driving force for the observed shift is related to size-dependent mesoscopic relaxations in the nanoislands.
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Magnetization dynamics due to pure spin currents in magnetic double layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:246603. [PMID: 18233469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.246603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The magnetization dynamics in magnetic double layers is affected by spin-pump and spin-sink effects. So far, only the spin pumping and its effect on the magnetic damping has been studied. However, due to conservation of angular momentum this spin current also leads to magnetic excitation of the layer dissipating this angular momentum. In this Letter we use time resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect to directly show the excitation due to the pure spin current. In particular, we observe magnetization dynamics due to transfer of angular momentum in magnetic double layers. In contrast to other experiments where a spin polarized charge current is passed through a nanomagnet, the effects discussed in this Letter are based on pure spin currents without net transfer of electric charge.
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Protein phosphatase 1 binds to the RNA recognition motif of several splicing factors and regulates alternative pre-mRNA processing. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 17:52-70. [PMID: 17913700 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing emerges as one of the most important mechanisms to generate transcript diversity. It is regulated by the formation of protein complexes on pre-mRNA. We demonstrate that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) binds to the splicing factor transformer2-beta1 (tra2-beta1) via a phylogenetically conserved RVDF sequence located on the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of tra2-beta1. PP1 binds directly to tra2-beta1 and dephosphorylates it, which regulates the interaction between tra2-beta1 and other proteins. Eight other proteins, including SF2/ASF and SRp30c, contain an evolutionary conserved PP1 docking motif in the beta-4 strand of their RRMs indicating that binding to PP1 is a new function of some RRMs. Reducing PP1 activity promotes usage of numerous alternative exons, demonstrating a role of PP1 activity in splice site selection. PP1 inhibition promotes inclusion of the survival of motoneuron 2 exon 7 in a mouse model expressing the human gene. This suggests that reducing PP1 activity could be a new therapeutic principle to treat spinal muscular atrophy and other diseases caused by missplicing events. Our data indicate that the binding of PP1 to evolutionary conserved motifs in several RRMs is the link between known signal transduction pathways regulating PP1 activity and pre-mRNA processing.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a potential new target in the treatment of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma: Results of pre-clinical studies. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
21025 Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with incompletely understood pathogenesis and poor prognosis. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been demonstrated in several tumors and is partly associated with a more aggressive phenotype and a worse prognosis. In addition, targeting the EGFR tyrosine kinase represents a successful new therapeutic strategy, e.g. in non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, we investigated the role of EGFR in ACC as a potential therapeutic target. Methods: EGFR expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 115 ACCs and 5 normal adrenals using paraffin sections and tissue arrays (scoring of expression: 0–3). Utilizing the clinical data from the German ACC registry, Kaplan Meier survival analyses were performed. In 30 patients the tumor DNA was sequenced for mutations of the “hot spot” exons 19–21 of the EGFR gene. In addition, cells of the ACC cell line NCI-h295 were incubated with the EGFR antibody cetuximab (1–100 μg/ml) and cell proliferation was measured by MTT tests. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed EGFR expression in 78% of ACCs. In 67/115 (58%) of the ACCs and 0/5 of the normal adrenals the expression level was judged as moderate-to-high (score 2 or 3). However, the expression level did not correlate with the clinical outcome in these patients. In addition, none of the sequenced tumor DNA samples showed a mutation in exons 19–21. Cetuximab exhibited a dose dependent antiproliferative effect in NCI-H295 cells (cell viability: 1μg/ml: 95±2%; 10μg/ml 90±3%*; 100 μg/ml 85±4%* vs untreated control cells: 100±3%; * = p<0.01). Conclusion: EGFR is overexpressed in the majority of ACC. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of EGFR signalling lead to moderate growth inhibition in ACC cells. Therefore, in patients with ACC refractory to established cytotoxic therapies the experimental use of EGFR inhibitors (combined with cytotoxic therapy) seems to be justified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a potential new target in the treatment of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma – results of pre-clinical studies. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thermotropic Lamellar-to-Columnar Phase Transition Exhibited by a Biforked Compound. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259808047105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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WT1 interacts with the splicing protein RBM4 and regulates its ability to modulate alternative splicing in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3379-88. [PMID: 16934801 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Wilm's tumor protein 1 (WT1), a protein implicated in various cancers and developmental disorders, consists of two major isoforms: WT1(-KTS), a transcription factor, and WT1(+KTS), a post-transcriptional regulator that binds to RNA and can interact with splicing components. Here we show that WT1 interacts with the novel splicing regulator RBM4. Each protein was found to colocalize in nuclear speckles and to cosediment with supraspliceosomes in glycerol gradients. RBM4 conferred dose-dependent and cell-specific regulation of alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs transcribed from several reporter genes. We found that overexpressed WT1(+KTS) abrogated this effect of RBM4 on splice-site selection, whereas WT1(-KTS) did not. We conclude that the (+KTS) form of WT1 is able to inhibit the effect of RBM4 on alternative splicing.
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Tilt Angle Variation as a Function of Chain Length and Temperature in the Smectic C Phases of p, Alkoxyphenyl-p, Alkoxybenzoates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259508030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Characteristics of patients with brain metastases receiving trastuzumab for HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Breast 2005; 15:219-25. [PMID: 16026983 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2005.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intention of this retrospective analysis was to describe the characteristics of patients with brain metastasis (BM) receiving trastuzumab for HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A specific focus was the relation of BM occurrence to remission status of visceral disease during trastuzumab treatment. Patients with MBC presenting between March 2000 and May 2004 were included in this retrospective analysis. HER2 overexpression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC; DAKO Hercep Test). Trastuzumab was applied at a loading dose of 4 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg. Among 136 HER2 overexpressing patients (DAKO score 3+), 42 patients with BM were identified during follow-up (30.9%). Negative hormone receptor expression (estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR)) correlated with incidence of BM (42.8% vs. 23.4%; P=0.01). There was no correlation of the development of BM with regard to tumor grading and patient age. In patients who developed BM, the median interval between visceral and brain metastasis was 14 months (range 0-69 months). At the time BM was diagnosed, 14 out of 42 patients responded to trastuzumab-based treatment schedules (OR: 33.3%, 95% CI 18.5-48.2%). Median survival from diagnosis of BM was 13 months (range 0-60 months). The median overall survival calculated from first diagnosis of metastasis was not significantly shorter in patients with BM than in patients without BM (37 vs. 47 months; P=0.07 log rank). Trastuzumab is highly effective for the treatment of liver and lung metastasis in HER2 overexpressing patients, while it is apparently ineffective for treating or preventing BM. Since one third of HER2 overexpressing patients with MBC developed BM despite effective trastuzumab treatment, new treatment strategies and closer surveillance may be warranted for these patients.
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Time resolved magnetization dynamics of ultrathin Fe(001) films: spin-pumping and two-magnon scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:037401. [PMID: 16090769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The time-resolved magnetic response of ultrathin epitaxial Fe(001) films grown on GaAs(001) and covered by Au, Pd, and Cr capping layers was investigated by time and spatially resolved Kerr effect measurements. The magnetization was excited by an in-plane magnetic field pulse using the transient internal field generated at a Schottky barrier while the wavelength of the excitation (resonant mode) was roughly 4 microm. Each of the three cap layers affected the spin relaxation in a unique way. Au cap layers resulted in the bulk Gilbert damping of the Fe film. Pd cap layers caused an additional Gilbert damping due to spin-pump or spin-sink effects. Cr cap layers lead to a strong extrinsic damping which can be described by two-magnon scattering. In this case the strength of the extrinsic damping can be controlled by a field induced shift of the spin wave manifold with respect to the excited k vector.
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Abstract
As the physiological role of fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) is largely unknown and since the pineal plays an important role in the photoperiodic control of the body, we have tested the hypothesis that Fra-2 expression is photoperiod-dependent and may be involved in imprinting photoperiod on the pineal gland and the body as a whole. To this end, we have investigated Fra-2 mRNA expression and Fra-2 protein expression under various light/dark (LD) cycles. A clear nocturnal increase occurs for both monitored parameters under all photoperiodic conditions studied. The level of Fra-2 protein expression clearly depends on photoperiod, because the amount of protein at dark onset and during the night negatively correlates with the length of the photoperiod. Further, high-phosphorylated Fra-2 isoforms are abundant under all photoperiods tested, with the exception of LD 20:4. Because Fra-2 phosphorylation depends on cGMP, a depressed cGMP response to adrenergic stimulation under LD 20:4 appears to explain this finding. We conclude that photoperiod is imprinted on Fra-2 in terms of both protein amount and protein phosphorylation in the rat pineal gland. This imprinting becomes fully manifest after about 7 days only, suggesting that a number of altered photoperiodic cycles are required for pineal Fra-2 to "learn" that the photoperiod has changed. Reportedly, Fra-2 limits expression of the enzyme iodothyronine deiodinase type II, which catalyzes the intracellular deiodination of thyroxine prohormone to the active 3,3',5-triiodothyronine. We have found that the extent of Fra-2 expression inversely correlates with the dII gene response to cAMP; hence the photoperiodic regulation of Fra-2 may affect the body by changing pineal thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Brain metastases (BM) in patients treated with trastuzumab for HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Incidence and survival. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dissipation of spin angular momentum in magnetic switching. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:197603. [PMID: 16090212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.197603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying one ultrashort magnetic field pulse, we observe up to 10 precessional switches of the magnetization direction in single crystalline Fe films of 10 and 15 atomic layers. We find that the rate at which angular momentum is dissipated in uniform large angle spin precession increases with time and film thickness, surpassing the intrinsic ferromagnetic resonance spin lattice relaxation of Fe by nearly an order of magnitude.
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Digital radiogrammetry as a new diagnostic tool for estimation of disease-related osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis compared with pQCT. Rheumatol Int 2005; 25:457-64. [PMID: 15761729 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-004-0560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential of a new osteogeometric technology based on digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) as a diagnostic tool for quantification of severity-dependent osteoporosis, and to distinguish between inflammation-mediated and corticoid-induced variations of bone mineralisation in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Ninety-six patients (duration of disease: <18 months) underwent retrospective calculations of bone mineral density (DXR-BMD) and metacarpal index (MCI) by DXR, which were calculated from plain radiographs of the non-dominant hand. For comparison, pQCT-calculated BMD (total, cortical-subcortical and trabecular partition of bone tissue) was done on the distal radius. Severity was classified using Ratingen Score by two independent radiologists, and divided into three main groups. In addition, the patients were separated into those with corticoid medication (n=44; 5 mg/day over a half year period) and a control group (n=52) without any corticoid therapy. RESULTS Correlations between DXR-BMD and MCI versus pQCT parameters were all significant (0.36<R<0.71; p<0.01), independent of corticoid therapy. Only in the group without corticoid application, the correlation between DXR-BMD and pQCT-BMD (cortical) showed no significant association. For patients with corticoid therapy, our data revealed the lowest correlation coefficient between DXR parameters and pQCT-BMD (trabecular). Without a difference in comparison to corticoid therapy, the significant relative decrease of BMD estimated by DXR between the highest and lowest score was between 11.1% and 14.3% and for MCI between 15.8% and 17.8%. The also significant relative decrease of trabecular BMD using pQCT varied from 10.3% to 16.9%, whereas no significant results could be verified for pQCT-BMD (cortical and total). CONCLUSIONS Digital radiogrammetry can precisely estimate severity-dependent cortical reduction of bone mineral density in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis both with and without corticoid therapy, and seems to be able to distinguish the side effects of antirheumatic treatment from the disease-related periarticular bone loss. The detection and quantification of periarticular osteoporosis by DXR could be an important diagnostic tool in early rheumatoid arthritis.
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