1
|
Potts AW, Novak I, Quinn F, Marr GV, Dobson B, Hillier IH, West JB. Photoelectron asymmetry measurements for CFCl3, CF2Cl2and CF3Cl in the photon energy range 18-80 eV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/18/15/023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
|
26 |
60 |
2
|
Deakin JE, Koina E, Waters PD, Doherty R, Patel VS, Delbridge ML, Dobson B, Fong J, Hu Y, van den Hurk C, Pask AJ, Shaw G, Smith C, Thompson K, Wakefield MJ, Yu H, Renfree MB, Graves JAM. Physical map of two tammar wallaby chromosomes: a strategy for mapping in non-model mammals. Chromosome Res 2008; 16:1159-75. [PMID: 18987984 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-008-1266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Marsupials are especially valuable for comparative genomic studies of mammals. Two distantly related model marsupials have been sequenced: the South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), which last shared a common ancestor about 70 Mya. The six-fold opossum genome sequence has been assembled and assigned to chromosomes with the help of a cytogenetic map. A good cytogenetic map will be even more essential for assembly and anchoring of the two-fold wallaby genome. As a start to generating a physical map of gene locations on wallaby chromosomes, we focused on two chromosomes sharing homology with the human X, wallaby chromosomes X and 5. We devised an efficient strategy for mapping large conserved synteny blocks in non-model mammals, and applied this to generate dense maps of the X and 'neo-X' regions and to determine the arrangement of large conserved synteny blocks on chromosome 5. Comparisons between the wallaby and opossum chromosome maps revealed many rearrangements, highlighting the need for comparative gene mapping between South American and Australian marsupials. Frequent rearrangement of the X, along with the absence of a marsupial XIST gene, suggests that inactivation of the marsupial X chromosome does not depend on a whole-chromosome repression by a control locus.
Collapse
|
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
17 |
48 |
3
|
|
Review |
28 |
31 |
4
|
Yuen TJ, Flesch IEA, Hollett NA, Dobson BM, Russell TA, Fahrer AM, Tscharke DC. Analysis of A47, an immunoprevalent protein of vaccinia virus, leads to a reevaluation of the total antiviral CD8+ T cell response. J Virol 2010; 84:10220-9. [PMID: 20668091 PMCID: PMC2937773 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01281-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the prototypic orthopoxvirus and was the live vaccine used to eradicate smallpox. In addition, VACV is a possible vector for recombinant vaccines. Despite these reasons for study, the roles of many VACV genes are unknown, and some fundamental aspects, such as the total size of immune responses, remain poorly characterized. VACV gene A47L is of interest because it is highly transcribed, has no sequence similarity to any nonpoxvirus gene, and contains a larger-than-expected number of CD8(+) T cell epitopes. Here it is shown that A47L is not required for growth in vitro and does not contribute to virulence in mice. However, we confirmed that this one protein primes CD8(+) T cells to three different epitopes in C57BL/6 mice. In the process, one of these epitopes was redefined and shown to be the most dominant in A47 and one of the more highly ranked in VACV as a whole. The relatively high immunogenicity of this epitope led to a reevaluation of the total CD8(+) T cell response to VACV. By the use of two methods, the true size of the response was found to be around double previous estimates and at its peak is on the order of 60% of all CD8(+) T cells. We speculate that more CD8(+) T cell epitopes remain to be mapped for VACV and that underestimation of responses is unlikely to be unique to VACV, so there would be merit in revisiting this issue for other viruses.
Collapse
|
research-article |
15 |
30 |
5
|
Novak I, Potts AW, Quinn F, Marr GV, Dobson B, Hillier IH, West JB. Photoelectron asymmetry measurements for CHF3and CF4in the photon energy range 19 to 80 eV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/18/8/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
|
26 |
29 |
6
|
King GC, McConkey JW, Read FH, Dobson B. Negative-ion resonances associated with inner-shell excited states of N2, NO, N2O, CO and CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/13/21/023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
|
26 |
22 |
7
|
Lennquist Montán K, Hreckovski B, Dobson B, Örtenwall P, Montán C, Khorram-Manesh A, Lennquist S. Development and evaluation of a new simulation model for interactive training of the medical response to major incidents and disasters. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2014; 40:429-43. [PMID: 26816238 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-013-0350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The need for and benefit of simulation models for interactive training of the response to major incidents and disasters has been increasingly recognized during recent years. One of the advantages with such models is that all components of the chain of response can be trained simultaneously. This includes the important communication/coordination between different units, which has been reported as the most common cause of failure. Very few of the presently available simulation models have been suitable for the simultaneous training of decision-making on all levels of the response. In this study, a new simulation model, originally developed for the scientific evaluation of methodology, was adapted to and developed for the postgraduate courses in Medical Response to Major Incidents (MRMI) organized under the auspices of the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES). The aim of the present study was to describe this development process, the model it resulted in, and the evaluation of this model. METHODS The simulation model was based on casualty cards giving all information normally available for the triage and primary management of traumatized patients. The condition of the patients could be changed by the instructor according to the time passed since the time of injury and treatments performed. Priority of the casualties as well as given treatments could be indicated on the cards by movable markers, which also gave the time required for every treatment. The exercises were run with real consumption of time and resources for all measures performed. The magnetized cards were moved by the trainees through the scene, through the transport lines, and through the hospitals where all functions were trained. For every patient was given the definitive diagnosis and the times within certain treatments had to be done to avoid preventable mortality and complications, which could be related to trauma-scores. RESULTS The methodology was tested in nine MRMI courses with a total of 470 participants. Based on continuous evaluations and accumulated experience, the setup of the simulation was step-wise adjusted to the present model, including also collaborating agencies such as fire and rescue services as well as the police, both on-scene and on superior command levels. The accuracy of the simulation cards for this purpose was evaluated as "very good" by 63 % of the trainees and as "good" by 33 %, the highest two of the six given alternatives. The participants' ranking of the extent that the course increased their competencies related to the given objectives on a 1-5 scale for prehospital staff had an average value of 4.25 ± 0.77 and that for hospital staff had an average value of 4.25 ± 0.72. The accuracy of the course for the training of major incident response on a 1-5 scale by prehospital staff was evaluated as 4.35 ± 0.73 and that by hospital staff as 4.30 ± 0.74. CONCLUSIONS The simulation system tested in this study could, with adjustments based on accumulated experience and evaluations, be developed into a tool for the training of major incident response meeting the specific demands on such training based on recent experiences from major incidents and disasters. Experienced trainees in several courses evaluated the methodology to be accurate for this training, markedly increasing their perceived knowledge and skills in fields of importance for a successful outcome of the response to a major incident.
Collapse
|
|
11 |
20 |
8
|
Volbeda A, Feiters MC, Vincent MG, Bouwman E, Dobson B, Kalk KH, Reedijk J, Hol WG. Spectroscopic investigations of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin in the crystalline state. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 181:669-73. [PMID: 2543566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and EPR measurements have been used to examine the oxidation and oxygenation state of the dinuclear copper site of several types of hemocyanin crystals. The crystals contain Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin which forms hexameric molecules with a molecular mass of approximately 470 kDa. Three types of crystals have been investigated. Type-I monoclinic crystals, which have been used for the X-ray structure determination, contain virtually only deoxyhemocyanin. Type-II monoclinic crystals, which are less well ordered than the type-I crystals, contain a mixture of deoxy, oxy and met forms. Older crystals contain relatively more methemocyanin. A third, hexagonal, crystal form is also partially oxygenated, and, like the type-II monoclinic form, subject to gradual conversion to methemocyanin.
Collapse
|
|
36 |
14 |
9
|
Dobson BM, Tscharke DC. Redundancy complicates the definition of essential genes for vaccinia virus. J Gen Virol 2016; 96:3326-3337. [PMID: 26290187 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) genes are characterized as either essential or non-essential for growth in culture. It seems intuitively obvious that if a gene can be deleted without imparting a growth defect in vitro it does not have a function related to basic replication or spread. However, this interpretation relies on the untested assumption that there is no redundancy across the genes that have roles in growth in cell culture. First, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature that describes the essential genes of VACV. Next, we looked for interactions between large blocks of non-essential genes located at the ends of the genome by investigating sets of VACVs with large deletions at the genomic termini. Viruses with deletions at either end of the genome behaved as expected, exhibiting only mild or host-range defects. In contrast, combining deletions at both ends of the genome for the VACV Western Reserve (WR) strain caused a devastating growth defect on all cell lines tested. Unexpectedly, we found that the well-studied VACV growth factor homologue encoded by C11R has a role in growth in vitro that is exposed when 42 genes are absent from the left end of the VACV WR genome. These results demonstrate that some non-essential genes contribute to basic viral growth, but redundancy means these functions are not revealed by single-gene-deletion mutants.
Collapse
|
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
9 |
12 |
10
|
Taylor C, Brodbelt DC, Dobson B, Catchpole B, O'Neill DG, Stevens KB. Spatio-temporal distribution and agroecological factors associated with canine leptospirosis in Great Britain. Prev Vet Med 2021; 193:105407. [PMID: 34153840 PMCID: PMC8326249 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important global zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of mammalian species. Canine leptospirosis outbreaks have been reported after metereological events such as flooding (eg. in Brazil and the United States of America) suggesting an environmental association, but there has been no such study in Great Britain (GB). The distribution of cases across GB is also unreported. Objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the spatio-temporal variation of leptospirosis test submissions (2) explore associations between agroecological risk factors and distribution of different canine leptospirosis serogroups in GB, and (3) generate probability of presence maps for the different serogroups. Data analysed comprised laboratory submissions (n = 3986) to IDEXX laboratories between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2018 for PCR or MAT leptospirosis testing. Spatial and seasonal scan statistics were used to investigate spatial and temporal clustering of positive tests, logistic regression was used to identify significant agroecological risk factors for positive tests, and the Maxent algorithm was used to model the environmental niche of four serogroups. There was an increased risk of a positive test result in the West Midlands of England (relative risk = 2.16) and between October and January (relative risk = 1.54). Logistic regression identified season and region to be significantly associated with a positive diagnosis,with higher odds of a positive test in Autumn (OR = 1.86 95 %CI 1.29-2.69) and Winter (OR = 1.51, 95 %CI 1.02-2.23) and in the East (OR = 2.20, 95 %CI = 1.31-3.71) and West Midlands (OR = 2.32, 95 %CI 1.45-3.71). The increased test-positive proportion in Autumn together with the increased odds of a positive diagnosis in Autumn suggests there may be a seasonal pattern to the canine leptospirosis in GB. The most important variable associated with higher leptospirosis presence in all ecological niche models was higher average annual temperature. The importance and retention of other variables differed between serogroups. Overall, a higher probability of leptospirosis presence was predicted in southern England and a low probability in Scotland and northern England. Although leptospirosis vaccine usage provides protection against the majority of serogroups identified here, one is not represented in the currently licensed vaccine formulations and therefore leptospirosis should remain a differential diagnosis in vaccinated dogs demonstrating consistent clinical signs of the disease.
Collapse
|
research-article |
4 |
10 |
11
|
Gurman SJ, Diakun G, Dobson B, Abell S, Greaves GN, Jordan R. An EXAFS study of the three cation environments in Ba2YCu3O7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/21/14/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
|
25 |
8 |
12
|
Dobson BM, Tscharke DC. Truncation of gene F5L partially masks rescue of vaccinia virus strain MVA growth on mammalian cells by restricting plaque size. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:466-471. [PMID: 24145605 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.058495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a candidate vaccine vector that is severely attenuated due to mutations acquired during several hundred rounds of serial passage in vitro. A previous study used marker rescue to produce a set of MVA recombinants with improved replication on mammalian cells. Here, we extended the characterization of these rescued MVA strains and identified vaccinia virus (VACV) gene F5L as a determinant of plaque morphology but not replication in vitro. F5 joins a growing group of VACV proteins that influence plaque formation more strongly than virus replication and which are disrupted in MVA. These defective genes in MVA confound the interpretation of marker rescue experiments designed to map mutations responsible for the attenuation of this important VACV strain.
Collapse
|
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
12 |
5 |
13
|
|
|
31 |
1 |
14
|
Cheung KC, Strange R, Harvey I, Dobson B, Derbyshire G, Kay J, Binsted N, Linford R, Hasnain S. Conversion of the oldest XAFS station at the first dedicated SR source to a state-of-the-art XAFS facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 1999; 6:161-163. [PMID: 15263233 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049598016860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 12/07/1998] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
|
|
26 |
1 |
15
|
Hanewinkel R, Asshauer M, Kröger C, Maiwald E, Dobson B. "Schools, Internet, and nonsmoking": the use of new media in tobacco control and health promotion. Tob Control 1999; 8:109. [PMID: 10465830 PMCID: PMC1763931 DOI: 10.1136/tc.8.1.109-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
letter |
26 |
|
16
|
Tinnion DJ, Marticorena FM, Dobson B, Hilton NP, Mc Naughton LR, Sparks SA. The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:857-870. [PMID: 38018081 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2286357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Enterically coated (ENT) or delayed-release (DEL) capsules may lessen gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) following acute sodium citrate (SC) ingestion, although the effects on blood acid-base balance are undetermined. Fourteen active males ingested 0.4 g.kg-1 body mass (BM) SC, within gelatine (GEL), DEL and ENT capsules or 0.07 g.kg-1 BM sodium chloride control (CON). Blood acid-base balance and GIS were measured for 4 h. Ingestion form had no significant effect on total GIS experienced (GEL: 2 ± 7; DEL: 1 ± 8; ENT: 1 ± 4 AU). Most (7/14) participants experienced zero symptoms throughout. Peak GIS typically emerged ≤100 min post-ingestion, with a similar time to reach peak GIS between ingestion form (GEL: 36 ± 70; DEL: 13 ± 28; ENT: 15 ± 33 AU). Blood [HCO3-] was significantly higher with ENT versus GEL (ENT: 29.0 ± 0.8; GEL: 28.5 ± 1.1 mmol.L-1, P = 0.037). Acute ingestion of a reduced SC dose elicited minimal GIS, producing significant changes in blood [HCO3-] from rest, irrespective of ingestion form (GEL: 6.0 ± 0.9; DEL: 5.1 ± 1.0; ENT: 6.2 ± 0.8 mmol.L-1). The necessity of individualized ingestion strategies is also challenged, with sustained increases in blood [HCO3-] of ≥4 mmol.L-1 for up to 153 min highlighted. If commencing exercise at peak alkalosis augments subsequent performance above starting at a standardized time point where HCO3- is still elevated remains unclear.
Collapse
|
Randomized Controlled Trial |
1 |
|