1
|
Yu X, Shou W, Mahajan BK, Huang X, Pan H. Materials, Processes, and Facile Manufacturing for Bioresorbable Electronics: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707624. [PMID: 29736971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable electronics refer to a new class of advanced electronics that can completely dissolve or disintegrate with environmentally and biologically benign byproducts in water and biofluids. They have provided a solution to the growing electronic waste problem with applications in temporary usage of electronics such as implantable devices and environmental sensors. Bioresorbable materials such as biodegradable polymers, dissolvable conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics are extensively studied, enabling massive progress of bioresorbable electronic devices. Processing and patterning of these materials are predominantly relying on vacuum-based fabrication methods so far. However, for the purpose of commercialization, nonvacuum, low-cost, and facile manufacturing/printing approaches are the need of the hour. Bioresorbable electronic materials are generally more chemically reactive than conventional electronic materials, which require particular attention in developing the low-cost manufacturing processes in ambient environment. This review focuses on material reactivity, ink availability, printability, and process compatibility for facile manufacturing of bioresorbable electronics.
Collapse
|
Review |
7 |
62 |
2
|
Khuroo MS, Mahajan R, Zargar SA, Panhotra BR, Bhat RL, Javid G, Mahajan B. The colon in shigellosis: serial colonoscopic appearances in Shigella dysenteriae I. Endoscopy 1990; 22:35-38. [PMID: 2407526 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five patients (16 males and 9 females; mean age 24.7 +/- 8.4 years) with acute colitis caused by Shigella dysenteriae I were studied, a total of 115 colonoscopic examinations being performed. Twenty-two patients had weekly colonoscopic examinations until the last procedure revealed normal colonic mucosa. Six abnormal colonoscopic appearances were documented, namely mucosal edema, ulcers, friability, punctate spots, erythematous areas and luminal exudate. Mucosal edema was the dominant finding in the first week of the disease. Star-shaped mucosal ulcers and friability were observed in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of the disease. Punctate hemorrhagic spots with normal intervening mucosa in patients with minimal constitutional and colonic symptoms were the hallmark of the disease from the 4th week onwards. None of the patients revealed granularity, cobblestoning, linear fissures, pseudopolyps, pseudomembrane or anal lesions. The colonic involvement was subtotal in 20 patients and total in 5 patients. The mucosal disease was continuous in the initial stage and became patchy during the later stage of recovery. The mucosal disease lasted for 38.8 +/- 12.1 (10-65 days). All the patients followed-up by serial colonoscopy examinations eventually had normal colonic mucosa.
Collapse
|
|
35 |
54 |
3
|
Mahajan B, Noiva R, Yadava A, Zheng H, Majam V, Mohan KVK, Moch JK, Haynes JD, Nakhasi H, Kumar S. Protein disulfide isomerase assisted protein folding in malaria parasites. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:1037-48. [PMID: 16806221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the formation of protein disulfide bonds among cysteine residues is mediated by protein disulfide isomerases and occurs in the highly oxidised environment of the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is poorly understood in malaria parasites. In this paper, we report the gene isolation, sequence and phylogenetic comparisons, protein structure and thioredoxin-domain analyses of nine protein disulfide isomerases-like molecules from five species of malaria parasites including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (human), Plasmodium knowlesi (simian) and Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii (murine). Four of the studied protein disulfide isomerases belong to P. falciparum malaria and have been named PfPDI-8, PfPDI-9, PfPDI-11 and PfPDI-14, based on their chromosomal location. Among these, PfPDI-8 bears the closest similarity to a prototype PDI molecule with two thioredoxin domains (containing CGHC active sites) and a C-terminal Endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal, SEEL. PfPDI-8 is expressed during all stages of parasite life cycle and is highly conserved (82-96% identity at amino acid level) in the other four Plasmodium species studied. Detailed biochemical analysis of PfPDI-8 revealed that this molecule is a potent oxido-reductase enzyme that facilitated the disulfide-dependent conformational folding of EBA-175, a leading malaria vaccine candidate. These studies open the avenues to understand the process of protein folding and secretory pathway in malaria parasites that in turn might aid in the production of superior recombinant vaccines and provide novel drug targets.
Collapse
|
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
19 |
31 |
4
|
Mahajan BK, Yu X, Shou W, Pan H, Huang X. Mechanically Milled Irregular Zinc Nanoparticles for Printable Bioresorbable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700065. [PMID: 28218485 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable electronics is predominantly realized by complex and time-consuming anhydrous fabrication processes. New technology explores printable methods using inks containing micro- or nano-bioresorbable particles (e.g., Zn and Mg). However, these particles have seldom been obtained in the context of bioresorbable electronics using cheap, reliable, and effective approaches with limited study on properties essential to printable electronics. Here, irregular nanocrystalline Zn with controllable sizes and optimized electrical performance is obtained through ball milling approach using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a process control agent to stabilize Zn particles and prevent cold welding. Time and PVP dependence of the ball milled particles are studied with systematic characterizations of morphology and composition of the nanoparticles. The results reveal crystallized Zn nanoparticles with a size of ≈34.834 ± 1.76 nm and low surface oxidation. The resulting Zn nanoparticles can be readily printed onto bioresorbable substrates and sintered at room temperature using a photonic sintering approach, leading to a high conductivity of 44 643 S m-1 for printable zinc nanoparticles. The techniques to obtain Zn nanoparticles through ball milling and processing them through photonic sintering may potentially lead to a mass fabrication method for bioresorbable electronics and promote its applications in healthcare, environmental protection, and consumer electronics.
Collapse
|
|
8 |
24 |
5
|
Shou W, Mahajan BK, Ludwig B, Yu X, Staggs J, Huang X, Pan H. Low-Cost Manufacturing of Bioresorbable Conductors by Evaporation-Condensation-Mediated Laser Printing and Sintering of Zn Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700172. [PMID: 28436054 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bioresorbable electronic devices are predominantly fabricated by complex and expensive vacuum-based integrated circuit (IC) processes. Here, a low-cost manufacturing approach for bioresorbable conductors on bioresorbable polymer substrates by evaporation-condensation-mediated laser printing and sintering of Zn nanoparticle is reported. Laser sintering of Zn nanoparticles has been technically difficult due to the surface oxide on nanoparticles. To circumvent the surface oxide, a novel approach is discovered to print and sinter Zn nanoparticle facilitated by evaporation-condensation in confined domains. The printing process can be performed on low-temperature substrates in ambient environment allowing easy integration on a roll-to-roll platform for economical manufacturing of bioresorbable electronics. The fabricated Zn conductors show excellent electrical conductivity (≈1.124 × 106 S m-1 ), mechanical durability, and water dissolvability. Successful demonstration of strain gauges confirms the potential application in various environmentally friendly sensors and circuits.
Collapse
|
|
8 |
20 |
6
|
Yu X, Mahajan BK, Shou W, Pan H. Materials, Mechanics, and Patterning Techniques for Elastomer-Based Stretchable Conductors. MICROMACHINES 2016. [PMCID: PMC6189723 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics represent a new generation of electronics that utilize soft, deformable elastomers as the substrate or matrix instead of the traditional rigid printed circuit boards. As the most essential component of stretchable electronics, the conductors should meet the requirements for both high conductivity and the capability to maintain conductive under large deformations such as bending, twisting, stretching, and compressing. This review summarizes recent progresses in various aspects of this fascinating and challenging area, including materials for supporting elastomers and electrical conductors, unique designs and stretching mechanics, and the subtractive and additive patterning techniques. The applications are discussed along with functional devices based on these conductors. Finally, the review is concluded with the current limitations, challenges, and future directions of stretchable conductors.
Collapse
|
|
9 |
17 |
7
|
Tiwari AK, Mondal A, Mahajan BK, Choudhuri B, Goswami T, Sarkar MB, Chakrabartty S, Ngangbam C, Saha S. Improved Photo-Detection Using Zigzag TiO2 Nanostructures as an Active Medium. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 15:5099-5104. [PMID: 26373086 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag TiO2 nanostructures were fabricated using oblique angle deposition technique. The field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) image shows that the TiO2 zigzag nanostructures were ~500 nm in length. Averagely two times enhanced UV-Vis absorption was recorded for zigzag structure compared to perpendicular TiO2 nanowires. The main band transition was observed at ~3.4 eV. The zigzag TiO2 exhibited high turn on voltage (+11 V) than that of nanowire (+2 V) detector under dark which were reduced to +0.2 V and +1.0 V under white light illumination, respectively. A maximum ~6 fold photo-responsivity was observed for the zigzag TiO2 compared with nanowire device at + 1.0 V applied potential. The maximum photo-responsivity of 0.36 A/W at 370 nm was measured for the zigzag TiO2 detector. The TiO2 zigzag detector showed slow response with rise time of 10.2 s and fall time of 10.3 s respectively. The UV (370 nm) to visible (450 nm) wavelength rejection ratio of photo-responsivity was recorded ~4 times for the detector.
Collapse
|
|
10 |
1 |
8
|
Panhotra BR, Bhat SL, Mahajan B. Effect of subinhibitory concentration of gentamicin on adherence of Klebsiella aerogenes to uroepithelial cells in vitro. Indian J Med Res 1988; 88:130-3. [PMID: 3058587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
|
37 |
|
9
|
Gupta CK, Mahajan B, Gupta RK, Prasada Rao GL, Singh H. Antibody response of guinea pig to polio viruses. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1983; 26:127-32. [PMID: 6317550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
Comparative Study |
42 |
|
10
|
Mahajan B, Panhotra BR. Adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to buccal epithelial cells of smokers & non-smokers. Indian J Med Res 1989; 89:381-3. [PMID: 2620944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to buccal epithelial cells was assessed among smokers (51.9 +/- 20.8) and non-smokers (24.7 +/- 9.6) and found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in smokers. The higher incidence of respiratory tract infection in smokers may be related to the enhanced adherence and better colonization of this bacterium in the throat.
Collapse
|
|
36 |
|
11
|
Mahajan BK. Role of doctors to meet the community needs. Indian J Public Health 1972; 16:164-70. [PMID: 4662147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
|
53 |
|
12
|
Roy PB, Mehta NR, Asnani KG, Shah HH, Mahajan BK. Serological study of brucellosis in man and cattle in Jamnagar. Indian J Med Res 1965; 53:822-6. [PMID: 5892239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
|
60 |
|