|
1
|
Shahbaz M, Dar B, Sharif S, Khurshid MA, Hussain S, Riaz B, Musaffa M, Khalid H, Ch AR, Mahboob A. Recent advances in the fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of cobalt ions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9819-9847. [PMID: 38528922 PMCID: PMC10961957 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cobalt is an essential metal to maintain several functions in the human body and is present in functional materials for numerous applications. Thus, to monitor these functions, it is necessary to develop suitable probes for the detection of cobalt. Presently, researchers are focused on designing different chemosensors for the qualitative and quantitative detection of the metal ions. Among the numerous methods devised for the identification of cobalt ions, colorimetric and fluorimetric techniques are considered the best choice due to their user-friendly nature, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity and robustness. In these techniques, the interaction of the analyte with the chemosensor leads to structural changes in the molecule, causing the emission and excitation intensities (bathochromic, hyperchromic, hypochromic, and hypsochromic) to change with a change in the concentration of the analyte. In this review, the recent advancements in the fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of cobalt ions are systematically summarized, and it is concluded that the development of chemosensors having distinctive colour changes when interacting with cobalt ions has been targeted for on-site detection. The chemosensors are grouped in various categories and their comparison and the discussion of computational studies will enable readers to have a quick overview and help in designing effective and efficient probes for the detection of cobalt in the field of chemo-sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Birra Dar
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Sharif
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqib Khurshid
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj Univeristy Lahore Pakistan
| | - Bilal Riaz
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Maryam Musaffa
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Hania Khalid
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Ayoub Rashid Ch
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| | - Abia Mahboob
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore 5400-Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Osman K, Mundodan J, Chowdhury J, Ravi R, Baaboura R, Albuquerque J, Riaz B, Emran RY, Batoul K, Esameldin AM, Al Tabatabaee Z, Khogali H, Albayat S. Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine Protection among Children and Adolescents Aged 12-17 Years against COVID-19 Infection in Qatar. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1522. [PMID: 37896926 PMCID: PMC10610824 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Qatar was also hit hard by the global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, with the original virus, Alpha variant, Beta variant, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants, Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 variants, and Delta variant, sequentially. The two-dose primary series of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been approved for use in 30 µg formulations among children and adolescents aged 12-17 years as of 16 May 2021. This study aimed at estimating the effectiveness of the 30 µg BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine against the pre-Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 12-17 years residing in Qatar. A test-negative matched case-control study was conducted. The subjects included any child or adolescent aged 12-17 years who had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR tests performed on nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, as part of contact tracing, between June and November 2021, and was eligible to receive the BNT162b2 vaccine as per the national guidelines. Data regarding 14,161 children/adolescents meeting inclusion-exclusion criteria were retrieved from the national Surveillance and Vaccine Electronic System (SAVES). Of the total, 3.1% (444) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. More than half (55.96%) were vaccinated with two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Amongst those immunized with two doses, 1.2% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while 5.6% amongst the unvaccinated tested positive. The vaccine effectiveness was calculated to be 79%. Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine provides protection from COVID-19 infection for children/adolescents; hence, it is crucial to ensure they receive the recommended vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadieja Osman
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Jesha Mundodan
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Juel Chowdhury
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Rejoice Ravi
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Rekayahouda Baaboura
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Jeevan Albuquerque
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Bilal Riaz
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Reem Yusuf Emran
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Khatija Batoul
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdul Mahmood Esameldin
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Zinah Al Tabatabaee
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Hayat Khogali
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Soha Albayat
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|