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Matarèse BFE, Rusin A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Quantum Biology and the Potential Role of Entanglement and Tunneling in Non-Targeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation: A Review and Proposed Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16464. [PMID: 38003655 PMCID: PMC10671017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cells, tissues, and organisms exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation can induce effects in non-irradiated neighbors (non-targeted effects or NTE), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This is especially true of the initial steps leading to the release of signaling molecules contained in exosomes. Voltage-gated ion channels, photon emissions, and calcium fluxes are all involved but the precise sequence of events is not yet known. We identified what may be a quantum entanglement type of effect and this prompted us to consider whether aspects of quantum biology such as tunneling and entanglement may underlie the initial events leading to NTE. We review the field where it may be relevant to ionizing radiation processes. These include NTE, low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity, hormesis, and the adaptive response. Finally, we present a possible quantum biological-based model for NTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrej Rusin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
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Wilson LJ, Kiffer FC, Berrios DC, Bryce-Atkinson A, Costes SV, Gevaert O, Matarèse BFE, Miller J, Mukherjee P, Peach K, Schofield PN, Slater LT, Langen B. Machine intelligence for radiation science: summary of the Radiation Research Society 67th annual meeting symposium. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36735963 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The era of high-throughput techniques created big data in the medical field and research disciplines. Machine intelligence (MI) approaches can overcome critical limitations on how those large-scale data sets are processed, analyzed, and interpreted. The 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society featured a symposium on MI approaches to highlight recent advancements in the radiation sciences and their clinical applications. This article summarizes three of those presentations regarding recent developments for metadata processing and ontological formalization, data mining for radiation outcomes in pediatric oncology, and imaging in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederico C Kiffer
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Abigail Bryce-Atkinson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bruno F E Matarèse
- The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Miller
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Pritam Mukherjee
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Peach
- Department of Bionetics, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke T Slater
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Midlands, UK
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Section of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Matarèse BFE, Rahmoune H, Vo NTK, Seymour CB, Schofield PN, Mothersill C. X-ray-induced bio-acoustic emissions from cultured cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36512368 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2158248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We characterize for the first time the emission of acoustic waves from cultured cells irradiated with X-ray photon radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60) and control cell-free media were exposed to 1 Gy X-ray photons while recording the sound generated before, during and after irradiation using custom large-bandwidth ultrasound transducer. The effects of dose rate and cell viability were investigated. RESULTS We report the first recorded acoustic signals captured from a collective pressure wave response to ionizing irradiation in cell culture. The acoustic signal was co-terminous with the radiation pulse, its magnitude was dependent on radiation dose rate, and live and dead cells showed qualitatively and quantitatively different acoustic signal characteristics. The signature of the collective acoustic peaks was temporally wider and with higher acoustic power for irradiated HL-60 than for irradiated MCF-7. CONCLUSIONS We show that X-ray irradiation induces two cultured cancer cell types to emit a characteristic acoustic signal for the duration of the radiation pulse. The rapid decay of the signal excludes acoustic emissions themselves from contributing to the inter-organism bystander signal previously reported in intact animals, but they remain a potential component of the bystander process in tissues and cell cultures. This preliminary study suggests that further work on the potential role of radiation-induced acoustic emission (RIAE) in the inter-cellular bystander effect is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F E Matarèse
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Feyen PLC, Matarèse BFE, Urbano L, Abelha TF, Rahmoune H, Green M, Dailey LA, de Mello JC, Benfenati F. Photosensitized and Photothermal Stimulation of Cellular Membranes by Organic Thin Films and Nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:932877. [PMID: 35875499 PMCID: PMC9302485 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.932877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are increasingly exploited for biomedical applications. In this work, we explored the optical characteristics of conjugated polymers of variable chemical structures at multiple levels relevant to biological interfacing, from fluorescence yield to their influence on cellular membrane potential. We systematically compared the performance of conjugated polymer as cast thin films and as nanoparticles stabilized with amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-poly lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PEG-PLGA). We assessed in both the dark and under illumination the stability of key optoelectronic properties in various environments, including air and biologically relevant physiological saline solutions. We found that photoreduction of oxygen correlates with nanoparticle and film degradation in physiologically relevant media. Using patch-clamp recordings in cell lines and primary neurons, we identified two broad classes of membrane potential response, which correspond to photosensitizer- and photothermal-mediated effects. Last, we introduced a metric named OED50 (optical energy for 50% depolarization), which conveys the phototoxic potency of a given agent and thereby its operational photo-safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. C. Feyen
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- DZNE—German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Heamatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Urbano
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Thais F. Abelha
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Optics and Photonics, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lea A. Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John C. de Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Organic Electronic Materials, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: John C. de Mello, ; Fabio Benfenati,
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: John C. de Mello, ; Fabio Benfenati,
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Straka MSF, Al-Otaibi NA, Whitfield PD, Doherty MK, Matarèse BFE, Slater NKH, Rahmoune H. Disaccahrides-Based Cryo-Formulant Effect on Modulating Phospho/Mitochondrial Lipids and Biological Profiles of Human Leukaemia Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:206-221. [PMID: 33914444 DOI: 10.33594/000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The use of novel cryo-additive agents to increase cell viability post-cryopreservation is paramount to improve future cell based-therapy treatments. We aimed to establish the Human Leukemia (HL-60) cells lipidomic and biological patterns when cryo-preserved in DMSO alone and with 300 µM Nigerose (Nig), 200 µM Salidroside (Sal) or a combination of Nig (150 µM) and Sal (100 µM). METHODS HL-60 cells were pre-incubated with Nig/Sal prior, during and post cryopreservation, and subjected to global lipidomic analysis. Malondialdeyhde (MDA), released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen scavenger (ROS) measurements were also carried out to evaluate levels of lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. RESULTS Cryopreserving HL-60 cells in DMSO with Nig and Sal provided optimal protection against unsaturated fatty acid oxidation. Post-thaw, cellular phospholipids and mitochondrial cardiolipins were increased by Nig/Sal as the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids 2.08 +/- 0.03 and 0.95 +/- 0.09 folds respectively in comparison to cells cryopreserved in DMSO alone (0.49 +/- 0.05 and 0.86 +/- 0.10 folds). HL-60 lipid peroxidation levels in the presence of DMSO + Nig and Sal combined were significantly reduced relative to pre-cryopreservation levels (10.91 +/- 2.13 nmole) compared to DMSO (17.1 +/- 3.96 nmole). DMSO + Nig/Sal combined also significantly reduced cell cytotoxicity post-thaw (0.0128 +/- 0.00182 mU/mL) in comparison to DMSO (0.0164 +/- 0.00126 mU/mL). The combination of Nig/Sal also reduced significantly ROS levels to the levels of prior cryopreservation of HL-60. CONCLUSION Overall, the establishment of the cryopreserved HL-60 cells lipidomic and the corresponding biological profiles showed an improved cryo-formulation in the presence of DMSO with the Nig/Sal combination by protecting the, mitochondrial inner membrane, unsaturated fatty acid components (i. e. Cardiolipins) and total phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha Abdullah Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip D Whitfield
- Lipidomics Research Facility, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Lipidomics Research Facility, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Bruno F E Matarèse
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
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Matarèse BFE, Lad J, Seymour C, Schofield PN, Mothersill C. Bio-acoustic signaling; exploring the potential of sound as a mediator of low-dose radiation and stress responses in the environment. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1083-1097. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1834162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jigar Lad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Matarèse BFE, Feyen PLC, de Mello JC, Benfenati F. Sub-millisecond Control of Neuronal Firing by Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:278. [PMID: 31750295 PMCID: PMC6817475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics combines optics and genetics to enable minimally invasive cell-type-specific stimulation in living tissue. For the purposes of bio-implantation, there is a need to develop soft, flexible, transparent and highly biocompatible light sources. Organic semiconducting materials have key advantages over their inorganic counterparts, including low Young's moduli, high strain resistances, and wide color tunability. However, until now it has been unclear whether organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are capable of providing sufficient optical power for successful neuronal stimulation, while still remaining within a biologically acceptable temperature range. Here we investigate the use of blue polyfluorene- and orange poly(p-phenylenevinylene)-based OLEDs as stimuli for blue-light-activated Sustained Step Function Opsin (SFFO) and red-light-activated ChrimsonR opsin, respectively. We show that, when biased using high frequency (multi-kHz) drive schemes, the OLEDs permit safe and controlled photostimulation of opsin-expressing neurons and were able to control neuronal firing with high temporal-resolution at operating temperatures lower than previously demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L. C. Feyen
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Section of Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - John C. de Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Organic Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Matarèse BFE, Feyen PLC, Falco A, Benfenati F, Lugli P, deMello JC. Use of SU8 as a stable and biocompatible adhesion layer for gold bioelectrodes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5560. [PMID: 29615634 PMCID: PMC5882823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold is the most widely used electrode material for bioelectronic applications due to its high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability and proven biocompatibility. However, it adheres only weakly to widely used substrate materials such as glass and silicon oxide, typically requiring the use of a thin layer of chromium between the substrate and the metal to achieve adequate adhesion. Unfortunately, this approach can reduce biocompatibility relative to pure gold films due to the risk of the underlying layer of chromium becoming exposed. Here we report on an alternative adhesion layer for gold and other metals formed from a thin layer of the negative-tone photoresist SU-8, which we find to be significantly less cytotoxic than chromium, being broadly comparable to bare glass in terms of its biocompatibility. Various treatment protocols for SU-8 were investigated, with a view to attaining high transparency and good mechanical and biochemical stability. Thermal annealing to induce partial cross-linking of the SU-8 film prior to gold deposition, with further annealing after deposition to complete cross-linking, was found to yield the best electrode properties. The optimized glass/SU8-Au electrodes were highly transparent, resilient to delamination, stable in biological culture medium, and exhibited similar biocompatibility to glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F E Matarèse
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, UK
| | - Paul L C Feyen
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aniello Falco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano - Bozen, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano - Bozen, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - John C deMello
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, UK.
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