Internal rotation analysis of the microwave and millimeter wave spectra of fluoral (CF3CHO)

The rotational spectrum (4-40 GHz and 50-330 GHz) has been measured and analyzed for trifluoroacetaldehyde, also known as fluoral (CF₃CHO), which is one of the degradation products of the fluorinated contaminants emitted into the atmosphere. The complexity of the spectroscopic analysis of this molecule arises from the strong coupling between the internal rotation motion of CF₃ group and the overall rotation of the molecule. The value obtained for its coupling constant (ρ = 0.91723481(49)) is comparable to the corresponding value of methanol (CH₃OH, ρ = 0.81), which is known for its complex spectrum. A total of 12,322 transitions of the ground, the first and second excited torsional states (ΔE_1υt = 62.0183(13)cm^-1; ΔE_2υt = 120.3315(13)cm^-1) with J ≤ 50 were included in the analysis that was performed employing the rho-axis-method (RAM), and the RAM36 code. A fit within experimental error (root mean square deviation equals to 35 kHz) has been achieved for this dataset using 47 parameters of the RAM torsion-rotation Hamiltonian. In the course of the analysis, it became evident that for such high ρ value, as it is determined for fluoral, a larger than usual torsional basis set at the first diagonalization step of the two-step diagonalization procedure is required for achieving a fit within experimental error.

High-throughput transformation pipeline for a Brazilian japonica rice with bar gene selection

The goal of this work was to establish a transformation pipeline for upland Curinga rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) with bar gene selection employing bialaphos and phosphinothricin as selection agents. The following genes of interest: AtNCED3, Lsi1, GLU2, LEW2, PLD-alpha, DA1, TOR, AVP1, and Rubisco were cloned into the binary vector p7i2x-Ubi and were transferred into Agrobacterium strain EHA 105. Embryogenic calli derived from the mature embryos were transformed, and transgenic cells and shoots were selected on the medium supplemented with bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT) using a stepwise selection scheme. Molecular analyses were established using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot for the bar gene and the NOS terminator. Overall, 273 putative transgenic plants were analyzed by Southern blot with 134 events identified. In total, 77 events had a single copy of the transgene integrated in the plant genome while 29 events had two copies. We tested backbone integration in 101 transgenic plants from all constructs and found 60 transgenic plants having no additional sequence integrated in the plant genome. The bar gene activity was evaluated by the chlorophenol red test and the leaf painting test using phosphinothricin with several transgenic plants. The majority of T0 plants carrying the single copy of transgene produced T1 seeds in the screen house.