Spin structures of the ground states of four body bound systems with spin 3 cold atoms.
Sci Rep 2021;
11:17999. [PMID:
34504249 PMCID:
PMC8429636 DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-97521-y]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the case that four spin-3 atoms are confined in an optical trap. The temperature is so low that the spatial degrees of freedom have been frozen. Exact numerical and analytical solutions for the spin-states have been both obtained. Two kinds of phase-diagrams for the ground states (g.s.) have been plotted. In general, the eigen-states with the total-spin S (a good quantum number) can be expanded in terms of a few basis-states \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$f_{S,i}$$\end{document}fS,i. Let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$P_{f_{S,i}}^{\lambda }$$\end{document}PfS,iλ be the probability of a pair of spins coupled to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\lambda =0, 2, 4$$\end{document}λ=0,2,4, and 6 in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$f_{S,i}$$\end{document}fS,i state. Obviously, when the strength \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$g_{\lambda }$$\end{document}gλ of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\lambda $$\end{document}λ-channel is more negative, the basis-state with the largest \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$P_{f_{S,i}}^{\lambda }$$\end{document}PfS,iλ would be more preferred by the g.s.. When two strengths are more negative, the two basis-states with the two largest probabilities would be more important components. Thus, based on the probabilities, the spin-structures (described via the basis-states) can be understood. Furthermore, all the details in the phase-diagrams, say, the critical points of transition, can also be explained. Note that, for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$f_{S,i}$$\end{document}fS,i, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$P_{f_{S,i}}^{\lambda }$$\end{document}PfS,iλ is completely determined by symmetry. Thus, symmetry plays a very important role in determining the spin-structure of the g.s..
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