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Thermozier S, Epperly M, Darcy F, Zhang X, Fisher R, Shields D, Wang H, Luke C, Silverman G, Greenberger J. Radioresistance of Serpinb3a-/- Mice and Derived Hematopoietic and Marrow Stromal Cell Lines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bhat J, Rao VG, Yadav R, Muniyandi M, Sharma R, Karfarma C, Luke C. Situation of drug resistant tuberculosis in Saharia tribe of central India. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:636-9. [PMID: 26139782 PMCID: PMC4510763 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.159562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The information on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) situation amongst Saharia, one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in Madhya Pradesh, India, is not available. Hence, this study was undertaken to find the situation of MDR-TB amongst Saharia PVTG in two districts of Madhya Pradesh. METHODS Community based cross-sectional TB prevalence surveys were conducted among Saharia PVTG in Gwalior and Shivpuri districts of Madhya Pradesh. Chest symptomatics were identified from the individual registered for the study. Two sputum samples were collected from each of the eligible individuals, transported to the laboratory, and were examined by Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) smear microscopy and solid medium culture methods. Drug susceptibility testing of the isolates was done by indirect proportion method on solid medium. RESULTS MDR rate was 2.2 per cent of new cases and 8.2 per cent among the previously treated cases of TB in Gwalior while it was two per cent among the previously treated cases in Shivpuri district. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Though the prevalence of tuberculosis in these districts was alarmingly high, the MDR rates were more or less similar to national average. However, the findings of this study highlight the need for active intervention so that the MDR-TB is kept under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bhat
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (ICMR), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Oostra C, Henke P, Luke C, Acino R, Lurie F, Comerota AJ. Human Chronic Post-Thrombotic Intraluminal Venous Obstruction Involves Neovascularization. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2013; 2:110. [PMID: 26992999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Oostra
- The Toledo Hospital-Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, Ohio
| | - P Henke
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - C Luke
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - R Acino
- The Toledo Hospital-Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, Ohio
| | - F Lurie
- The Toledo Hospital-Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, Ohio
| | - A J Comerota
- The Toledo Hospital-Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, Ohio
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Bishnoi S, Pittman K, Yeend S, Brown M, Koczwara B, Kotasek D, Patterson W, Townsend A, Luke C, Price T. Gemcitabine and carboplatin in carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP) in elderly patients: Analysis of a phase 2 Adelaide Cancer Trials and Education Collaborative (ACTEC) study. J Geriatr Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Townsend AR, Broadbridge V, Beeke C, Karapetis CS, Bishnoi S, Jain K, Luke C, Padbury R, Price TJ. Rechallenge with oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine (FOX) after prior therapy in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Karapetis CS, Townsend A, Beeke C, Bishnoi S, Kunal J, Luke C, Roder D, Padbury R, Price TJ. Impact of watching prior to commencement of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Findings from the South Australian Clinical Registry (SACR) for mCRC. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Luke C, Tracey E, Stapleton A, Roder D. Exploring contrary trends in bladder cancer incidence, mortality and survival: implications for research and cancer control. Intern Med J 2011; 40:357-62. [PMID: 19460053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate trends in bladder cancer incidence, mortality and survival, and cancer-control implications. METHODS South Australian Registry data were used to calculate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates from 1980 to 2004. Sociodemographic predictors of invasive as opposed to in situ disease were examined. Determinants of disease-specific survival were investigated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Incidence rates for invasive cancers decreased by 21% between 1980-84 and 2000-04, similarly affecting men and women. Meanwhile increases occurred for combined in situ and invasive disease. While mortality rates decreased by approximately a third in men and women less than 70 years of age after the early 1990 s, no changes were evident for older residents. The proportion of cancers found at an in situ stage was higher in younger ages and more recent diagnostic periods. Five-year survivals of invasive cases decreased from 64% for 1980-84 diagnoses to 58% for 1995-2004. Multivariable analysis showed that diagnostic period was not predictive of survival after age adjustment (P= 0.719), with lower survival relating to older age, transitional compared with papillary transitional cancers, female sex, indigenous status and a country as opposed to metropolitan residence. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in invasive disease incidence may be due to increased detection at an in situ stage. The decline in survival from invasive disease in more recent periods is explained by increased age at diagnosis. Poorer outcomes of invasive cases remain for women after adjusting for age, histology, indigenous status and residential location.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luke
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Laser A, Elfine M, Slack D, Luke C, Shah A, Kunkel S, Hogaboam C, Henke P. CCR7 Gene Deletion Inhibits Late Post Venous Thrombosis Vein Wall Remodeling. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Townsend AR, Yeend S, Luke C, Pittman KB, Patterson K, Price TJ. Metastatic carcinoid tumour (MCT): 20 years experience at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Does management by a medical oncology unit (MOU) improve outcome? J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jin H, Manetz S, Leininger J, Luke C, Subbarao K, Murphy B, Kemble G, Coelingh K. Toxicological evaluation of live attenuated, cold-adapted H5N1 vaccines in ferrets. Vaccine 2007; 25:8664-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roder D, Houssami N, Farshid G, Gill G, Luke C, Downey P, Beckmann K, Iosifidis P, Grieve L, Williamson L. Population screening and intensity of screening are associated with reduced breast cancer mortality: evidence of efficacy of mammography screening in Australia. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 108:409-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dewyer N, Sood V, Lynch E, Luke C, Upchurch G, Wakefield T, Henke P. P143. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Price TJ, Roder D, Pittman K, Patterson K, Rieger N, Hewett P, Rodda D, Colbeck M, Maddern G, Luke C. Survival trends for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC): Are improvements only for patients in clinical trials? J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6124 Background: Significant improvements in the outcome for patients with advanced CRC have been achieved. We have reviewed the prospective CRC database at our institution from 1992 to 2004 to explore whether the availability of new chemotherapy drugs (irinotecan & oxaliplatin) and surgical advances has impacted on survival in the normal population. Earlier results had suggested a trend to improved survival (1). Methods: In Australia the first of these drugs became available at the end of 1997 thus we have taken this as the time point to compare outcomes pre and post. Disease-specific survivals were analysed from the date of diagnosis for stage D, and from the date of distant recurrence for stages A, B and C, with a date of censoring of live cases at December 31st, 2004. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimate was used for univariate analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression for multivariable analyses. Results: The current analysis is of 744 patients; 92–97 n=313, 98–04 n=431. Survival for the respective time periods were 47.6% and 54.9% 12 mths; 28.0% and 34.8% 24 mths; 18.9% and 23.0% 36 mths; 12.6% and 17.2% 48 mths; and 10.4% and 14.9% 60 mths. Cox proportional hazards regression indicated a lower risk of case fatality for 1998–2004 than 1992–1997 cases (p=0.048) after adjusting for age measured in years. The key predictors of case fatality in a multivariate analysis were found to be period (i.e., 1992–97/1998–04), age, and stage of disease at time of initial diagnosis. While an upward trend in survival was recorded for all ages, it was most pronounced for 70–79 year olds (n=272), where the increase in 24 mth survival was from 21.1% for 1992–97 to 36.1% for 1998–2004 (p=0.015). For patients aged 80 years and over (1992–97 n=40 & 1998–2004 n=67) the 24mth survivals were 18.6% (6.7%) and 26.4% (6.9%) respectively (p>0.200). Conclusions: Clinical trials have shown improvements in survival for highly selected patients. This current analysis confirms an improvement in survival over time for advanced CRC and this is seen in unselected patients including the elderly. Preliminary data has suggested that a number of factors have contributed to the trend of improved survival. Final analysis, including updated chemotherapy trends, will be presented at the meeting. (1) Proc ASCO 2004, #3707 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Price
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D. Roder
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K. Pittman
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K. Patterson
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - N. Rieger
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P. Hewett
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D. Rodda
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M. Colbeck
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G. Maddern
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C. Luke
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council SA, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue cancer (141 ICD-9) is the most common intra-oral malignancy in Western countries. In recent decades, reported tongue cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased both in Europe and in the United States, whilst survival has not improved. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and survival trends of tongue cancer in South Australia over the 24-year period from 1977 to 2001. METHODS Population-based data for tongue cancer were provided by the Central Cancer Registry Unit of the Epidemiology Branch of the South Australian Department of Health. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for males and females were calculated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted according to time periods, age, sex and tongue sub-sites. Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors that influenced survival. RESULTS During this 24-year period, 611 cases of tongue cancer (398 males, 213 females) were reported, the majority of which were squamous cell carcinomas. The most common age of diagnosis was 65-69 years in males and 60-64 years in females. Fifty cases (8.18 per cent of all tongue cancer cases) occurred in patients 40 years or younger. The most common cancer sub-sites reported were 'unspecified site' (48.45 per cent), lateral border (25.53 per cent) and base (18.49 per cent) of the tongue. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for males and females in South Australia were relatively low and stable, and there was no significant improvement in survival of tongue cancer over this period. Significant predictors for survival were sex, age and tongue sub-sites, with male, advanced age and base of tongue associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS Tongue cancer is an important health issue associated with poor survival. Early detection and diagnosis is important in order to improve survival rate for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lam
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide
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Donley L, Patronek GJ, Luke C. Animal abuse in Massachusetts: a summary of case reports at the MSPCA and attitudes of Massachusetts veterinarians. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2006; 2:59-73. [PMID: 16363962 DOI: 10.1207/s15327604jaws0201_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This article reports information abstracted from 200 randomly sampled animal abuse complaints that the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals received in 1996, along with the results of 1 10 surveys that Massachusetts veterinarians completed concerning their experience with and attitudes and perceptions of animal mistreatment. In 1996, there were a total of 4,942 complaints of animal mistreatment, or 2.2 complaints per 1,000 households in Massachusetts. The majority of sampled complaints involved dogs (69.5%), cats (21.5%), or both. Almost all complaints involved husbandry-related neglect (62.0%), medical neglect (26.0%), or both. A violation of the law was observed by the investigating officer in 75 (37.5%) cases. The majority (78.9%) of veterinarians reported having observed at least 1 instance of animal abuse in their patients, although few encountered more than 5 cases (16.4%) during their years of practice. Almost all respondents (93.6%) agreed that veterinarians have an ethical responsibility to report suspicions of abuse, but a smaller number (44.5%) believed that this responsibility should be mandated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Donley
- Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy
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Abstract
This article aims to increase understanding of nightlife health and the potential for nurses to reduce some of the negative health consequences associated with nightlife activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bellis
- Centre for Public Health, Liverlpool John Moores University, Liverpool.
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Selinsky C, Luke C, Wloch M, Geall A, Hermanson G, Kaslow D, Evans T. A DNA-based vaccine for the prevention of human cytomegalovirus-associated diseases. Hum Vaccin 2005; 1:16-23. [PMID: 17038834 DOI: 10.4161/hv.1.1.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that in the transplant population human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and its associated diseases are controlled by humoral and cellular immune responses similar to those that arise in asymptomatic, healthy individuals during a naturally-acquired infection. The dominant antibody response to HCMV is to the major surface glycoprotein B (gB) and the dominant cellular immune response is to the tegument phosphoprotein (pp65). We propose that an immunotherapeutic plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination approach that induces the requisite responses to major immunological targets of HCMV may provide relief from HCMV-associated diseases in the transplant setting. We have developed gene-based immunotherapeutic products consisting of pDNAs encoding gB and pp65 of HCMV. When tested individually in mice, both pDNAs were highly immunogenic. Relative to vaccination with either gB or pp65 pDNA delivered alone, vaccination with gB and pp65 pDNAs delivered together in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) elicited reduced antibody and T cell responses to each antigen. Formulating this bivalent vaccine with a poloxamer-based delivery system (VF-P1205-02A), however, significantly increased the antigen-specific immune responses relative to those induced with the bivalent vaccine in PBS, and completely abrogated the decrease in pp65-specific T cell responses observed in mice covaccinated with the pDNAs in PBS. Based on these data, and a favorable safety and toxicity profile in preclinical studies, the bivalent HCMV vaccine consisting of gB and pp65 pDNAs delivered with VF-P1205-02A has advanced to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Selinsky
- Vical Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA.
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19
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Price TJ, Pittman K, Patterson K, Colbeck M, Sim S, Roder D, Rieger N, Hewett P, Maddern G, Luke C. Survival and treatment trends for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) treated in a University Hospital, 1992–2001. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Price
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K. Pittman
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K. Patterson
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M. Colbeck
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S. Sim
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D. Roder
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - N. Rieger
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P. Hewett
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G. Maddern
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C. Luke
- QEH, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; DHS, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Ladder fall injuries are associated with a wide spectrum of injury patterns. However, the healthcare cost of these injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the healthcare cost and duration of the morbidity associated with ladder fall injuries. A retrospective observational study involving patients with ladder injuries who presented to a Level 1 Trauma Centre over a 3-year period was performed. Patients then underwent a structured telephone interview to provide information about the duration of their disability and unemployment. There were 72 patients in the study, of whom 89% were male. Thirteen patients (18%) required hospital admission. The median length and cost of hospital stay was 1 week and 3555 (US$ 3950), respectively. The median duration of disability and unemployment was 6 weeks. The longest duration of disability was associated with foot fractures. The majority of patients fell between 5 and 10ft, and fell at work. The upper extremity was the most commonly injured anatomical region. There were no fatalities. Ladder injury falls are expensive to the health service and may warrant investment in their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O'Sullivan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- A Davies
- School of Health Science, University of Wales, Swansea
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Uemura Y, Pak SC, Luke C, Cataltepe S, Tsu C, Schick C, Kamachi Y, Pomeroy SL, Perlmutter DH, Silverman GA. Circulating serpin tumor markers SCCA1 and SCCA2 are not actively secreted but reside in the cytosol of squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10956412 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000720)89:4<368::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An elevation in the circulating level of the squamous-cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) can be a poor prognostic indicator in certain types of squamous-cell cancers. Total SCCA in the circulation comprises 2 nearly identical, approximately 45 kDa proteins, SCCA1 and SCCA2. Both proteins are members of the high-molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family with SCCA1 paradoxically inhibiting lysosomal cysteine proteinases and SCCA2 inhibiting chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases. Although SCCA1 and SCCA2 are detected in the cytoplasm of normal squamous epithelial cells, neither serpin is detected normally in the serum. Thus, their presence in the circulation at relatively high concentrations suggests that malignant epithelial cells are re-directing serpin activity to the fluid phase via an active secretory process. Because serpins typically inhibit their targets by binding at 1:1 stoichiometry, a change in the distribution pattern of SCCA1 and SCCA2 (i.e., intracellular to extracellular) could indicate the need of tumor cells to neutralize harmful extracellular proteinases. The purpose of our study was to determine experimentally the fate of SCCA1 and SCCA2 in squamous carcinoma cells. Using subcellular fractionation, SCCA-green fluorescent fusion protein expression and confocal microscopy, SCCA1 and SCCA2 were found exclusively in the cytosol and were not associated with nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, microtubules, actin or the Golgi. In contrast to previous reports, metabolic labeling and pulse-chase experiments showed that neither non-stimulated nor TNFalpha/PMA-stimulated squamous carcinoma cells appreciably secreted these ov-serpins into the medium. Collectively, these data suggest that the major site of SCCA1 and SCCA2 inhibitory activity remains within the cytosol and that their presence in the sera of patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinomas may be due to their passive release into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uemura
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115-5737, USA
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Uemura Y, Pak SC, Luke C, Cataltepe S, Tsu C, Schick C, Kamachi Y, Pomeroy SL, Perlmutter DH, Silverman GA. Circulating serpin tumor markers SCCA1 and SCCA2 are not actively secreted but reside in the cytosol of squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2000; 89:368-77. [PMID: 10956412 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000720)89:4<368::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An elevation in the circulating level of the squamous-cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) can be a poor prognostic indicator in certain types of squamous-cell cancers. Total SCCA in the circulation comprises 2 nearly identical, approximately 45 kDa proteins, SCCA1 and SCCA2. Both proteins are members of the high-molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family with SCCA1 paradoxically inhibiting lysosomal cysteine proteinases and SCCA2 inhibiting chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases. Although SCCA1 and SCCA2 are detected in the cytoplasm of normal squamous epithelial cells, neither serpin is detected normally in the serum. Thus, their presence in the circulation at relatively high concentrations suggests that malignant epithelial cells are re-directing serpin activity to the fluid phase via an active secretory process. Because serpins typically inhibit their targets by binding at 1:1 stoichiometry, a change in the distribution pattern of SCCA1 and SCCA2 (i.e., intracellular to extracellular) could indicate the need of tumor cells to neutralize harmful extracellular proteinases. The purpose of our study was to determine experimentally the fate of SCCA1 and SCCA2 in squamous carcinoma cells. Using subcellular fractionation, SCCA-green fluorescent fusion protein expression and confocal microscopy, SCCA1 and SCCA2 were found exclusively in the cytosol and were not associated with nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, microtubules, actin or the Golgi. In contrast to previous reports, metabolic labeling and pulse-chase experiments showed that neither non-stimulated nor TNFalpha/PMA-stimulated squamous carcinoma cells appreciably secreted these ov-serpins into the medium. Collectively, these data suggest that the major site of SCCA1 and SCCA2 inhibitory activity remains within the cytosol and that their presence in the sera of patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinomas may be due to their passive release into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uemura
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115-5737, USA
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Luke C, Schick C, Tsu C, Whisstock JC, Irving JA, Brömme D, Juliano L, Shi GP, Chapman HA, Silverman GA. Simple modifications of the serpin reactive site loop convert SCCA2 into a cysteine proteinase inhibitor: a critical role for the P3' proline in facilitating RSL cleavage. Biochemistry 2000; 39:7081-91. [PMID: 10852705 DOI: 10.1021/bi000050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human squamous cell carcinoma antigens (SCCA) 1 and 2 are members of the serpin family that are 92% identical in their amino acid sequence. Despite this similarity, they inhibit distinct classes of proteinases. SCCA1 neutralizes the papain-like cysteine proteinases, cathepsins (cat) S, L, and K; and SCCA2 inhibits the chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases, catG and human mast cell chymase. SCCA2 also can inhibit catS, as well as other papain-like cysteine proteinases, albeit at a rate 50-fold less than that of SCCA1. Analysis of the mechanism of inhibition by SCCA1 revealed that the reactive site loop (RSL) is important for cysteine proteinase inhibition. The inhibition of catS by a mutant SCCA2 containing the RSL of SCCA1 is comparable to that of wild-type SCCA1. This finding suggested that there were no motifs outside and only eight residues within the RSL that were directing catS-specific inhibition. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these residues might account for the marked difference in the ability of SCCA1 and SCCA2 to inhibit papain-like cysteine proteinases. SCCA2 molecules containing different RSL mutations showed that no single amino acid substitution could convert SCCA2 into a more potent cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Rather, different combinations of mutations led to incremental increases in catS inhibitory activity with residues in four positions (P1, P3', P4', and P11') accounting for 80% of the difference in activity between SCCA1 and SCCA2. Interestingly, the RSL cleavage site differed between wild-type SCCA2 and this mutant. Moreover, these data established the importance of a Pro residue in the P3' position for efficient inhibition of catS by both wild-type SCCA1 and mutated SCCA2. Molecular modeling studies suggested that this residue might facilitate positioning of the RSL within the active site of the cysteine proteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luke
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption in the UK has been increasing steadily. We prospectively studied the burden on hospital services caused by overt alcohol misuse, in an inner-city hospital in north-west England. All Accident & Emergency (A&E) patients were assessed to determine whether their hospital attendance was alcohol-related, and whether this resulted in admission and/or generated new out-patient appointments. Over 2 months, 1915 patients attended A&E with alcohol-related problems, accounting for 12% of attendances; 50% were aged 18-39 years, and acute alcohol intoxication was the commonest presenting complaint. Overall, 6.2% of all hospital admissions were due to alcohol-related problems. Over 2800 new out-patient visits were likely to have been generated over an 18-month period from initial attendance with an alcohol-related problem, mostly for orthopaedic clinics. The burden placed by overt alcohol-related problems on hospitals is enormous, both in terms of the emergency and out-patient services. The implementation of education, screening and intervention strategies in A&E departments, and employment of key trained personnel, should be considered, to optimize the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirmohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK.
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Luke C. Weed control. Nurs Times 1997; 93:40-41. [PMID: 9335878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Luke
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital
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Gulson BL, Pisaniello D, McMichael AJ, Mizon KJ, Korsch MJ, Luke C, Ashbolt R, Pederson DG, Vimpani G, Mahaffey KR. Stable lead isotope profiles in smelter and general urban communities: a comparison of environmental and blood measures. Environ Geochem Health 1996; 18:147-63. [PMID: 24194410 DOI: 10.1007/bf01771238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/1994] [Accepted: 08/18/1995] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-precision lead isotope ratios and lead concentrations have been compared statistically and graphically in women of child-bearing age (n = 77) from two smelter communities and one general urban community to evaluate the relative contributions to blood lead of tissue lead stores and lead from the contemporaneous environment (soil, floor dust, indoor airborne dust, water, food). Blood lead (PbB) contents were generally low (e.g. <10 μg dL(-1)). Statistically significant isotopic differences in blood and environmental samples were observed between the three cities although isotopic differences in blood for individual subjects living in close proximity (∼200 m radius) was as large as the differences within a city. No single environmental measure dominated the biological isotope profile and in many cases the low levels of blood lead meant that their isotopic profiles could be easily perturbed by relatively small changes of environmental exposure. Apportioning of sources using lead isotopes is possibly not feasible, nor cost effective, when blood lead levels are <5 μg dL(-1). Interpretations based on statistical analyses of city-wide data do not give the same conclusions as when the houses are considered individually. Aggregating data from multiple subjects in a study such as this obscures potentially useful information. Most of the measures employed in this study, and many other similar studies, are markers of only short-to-medium integration of lead exposure. Serial sampling of blood and longer sampling times, especially for household variables, should provide more meaningful information.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Gulson
- Minerals Research Laboratory, CSIRO/DEM, 51 Delhi Road, 2113, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Luke C. Animal shelter issues. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:524-7. [PMID: 8603901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Luke
- Humane Services Division, Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Boston 02130, USA
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Luke C, Kadzombe E, Gorman D, Armstrong A. An evaluation of a logbook for trainees in accident & emergency medicine in the United Kingdom: senior consultant opinion. Arch Emerg Med 1993; 10:43-7. [PMID: 8452613 PMCID: PMC1285924 DOI: 10.1136/emj.10.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A previous paper from the Merseyside Group of Senior Registrars in Accident & Emergency Medicine examined the desirability of a logbook for Higher Specialist Training (HST) in accident & emergency medicine in the United Kingdom and its principal ingredients (Luke et al., 1991). A survey of 100 senior registrars and recently appointed consultants in the specialty identified the main issues of importance to the majority of respondents e.g. certification in advanced cardiac and trauma life support, a minimum of three years in the specialty before appointment as senior registrar and certain key secondments. In this paper, more senior consultants in the specialty were surveyed and a resounding majority concurred with the preferences of their junior colleagues. The findings are discussed and the implications for a future curriculum for postgraduate training in A&E medicine are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luke
- Merseyside Group of Senior Registrars in Accident & Emergency Medicine
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Luke C, Kearney J. Inexpensive punctal plugs for dry eyes. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1992; 20:143. [PMID: 1389134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1992.tb00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Luke C, Kadzombe E, Armstrong A, Gorman D, Horner J. An evaluation of a logbook for trainees in accident and emergency medicine in the United Kingdom. Arch Emerg Med 1991; 8:130-4. [PMID: 1888408 PMCID: PMC1285755 DOI: 10.1136/emj.8.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ideal requirements of a logbook for trainees in accident and emergency medicine in the United Kingdom were sought by means of a postal survey of 100 Senior Registrars and recently-appointed Consultants in the specialty. Sixty-two replies were received. An overwhelming majority supported ACLS and ATLS certification, as well as formal training in Management/Clinical Budgeting skills, the use of Information Technology, dealing with medicolegal issues and Disaster Planning. Secondments to General Practice, Regional Poisons Centres and the Emergency Services were similarly recommended. A total of 71% (42 responders) approved of a minimum of 3 years experience in an A&E Department before appointment as a Senior Registrar in the specialty. The majority of responders disapproved of acquiring laboratory-based skills. The results of the survey are discussed and suggestions for the possible role of a logbook are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luke
- A&E Department, Royal Liverpool Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Soong
- Public and Environmental Health Division SA Health Commission PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide. SA 5000
| | - E Maynard
- Public and Environmental Health Division SA Health Commission PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide. SA 5000
| | - K Kirke
- Public and Environmental Health Division SA Health Commission PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide. SA 5000
| | - C Luke
- Public and Environmental Health Division SA Health Commission PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide. SA 5000
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Luke C. Respiration: respiratory investigations. Nursing 1989; 3:5-8. [PMID: 2761846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
A retrospective study of all patients who died following trauma in the Accident and Emergency Department of the royal Infirmary of Edinburgh over a 4-year period revealed 50 patients (0.0002% of total attendances). Injury severity scores (ISS) and probabilities of survival (Ps) were calculated for all patients. Two-thirds had a Ps of zero while 7 (14%) had a Ps of 0.5 or more. From the information in the case records and at autopsy four deaths (8%) were considered to have been potentially avoidable on the basis of inadequate or inappropriate management. There were a further eight cases (16%) whose management appeared to have been unsatisfactory but who would have been expected to die even if given optimal treatment. These cases are discussed in detail. Difficulty in diagnosing thoracic injuries and delay in giving appropriate treatment were by far the commonest errors encountered. A protocol for the treatment of patients in cardiorespiratory arrest with thoracic injuries is presented. The importance of regular audit of trauma cases and deaths is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Gordon
- Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Morgan B, Luke C, Herbert J. Evaluating clinical proficiency. Nurs Outlook 1979; 27:540-4. [PMID: 257386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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