[The Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (2020)]

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are highly heterogeneous, and the management of pNENs patients can be intractable. To address this challenge, an expert committee was established on behalf of the Group of Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, which consisted of surgical oncologists, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. By reviewing the important issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pNENs, the committee concluded evidence-based statements and recommendations in this article, in order to further improve the management of pNENs patients in China.

[Ovarian metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas: the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of 10 cases]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of a series of ovarian metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods: Data of clinical manifestation, pathological characteristic, treatment and follow-up result from ten patients with ovarian metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median age of onset was 46 years (38~79 years). The primary tumors were located in the body and tail of the pancreas in 8 cases. Bilateral ovarian metastasis occurred in 8 patients at the time of diagnosis. The median time from patients with clinical symptom to ovarian metastases was 2.5 months (0~12 months). Peritoneal metastasis was found in all of 10 cases. Nine cases were accompanied by CA125 elevation. The major features of metastatic carcinoma in the ovary were cystic-solid appearance (8 cases) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (6 cases) with no obvious immunohistochemical features in pathological observation. All patients underwent palliative ovariectomy at onset, and one patient underwent primary tumor resection simultaneously. Seven patients received chemotherapy. The median survival time of the 10 patients was 10.3 months. Conclusions: Ovarian metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are easily misdiagnosed. The final diagnosis depends on clinical manifestations, imaging and histopathological observation. Ovariectomy may be associated with better outcome.

[The clinicopathologic features and prognostic analysis of pancreatic metastasis from clear cell renal cell carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the patients who had clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) with metastasis to the pancreas. Methods: From Jan, 2000 to Dec, 2018, 18 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and had pathologically diagnosed metastasis to the pancreas were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The clinical and pathological data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 11 out of 18 patients were male, and the other 7 were female. The average age of onset of CCRCC was 51.4 years. 8 cases (44.4%) occurred in the left kidney, and the other 10 cases (55.6%) with right kidney tumor. Three patients had synchronous pancreatic metastasis, and the other 15 patients had metachronous pancreatic metastasis. The median time from CCRCC onset to pancreas metastasis was 156 months. The main complaints of pancreas metastasis were abdominal pain, jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, weakness, loss of weight and so on. Seven patients (38.9%) had single lesion of pancreas, while 11 patients (66.1%) had multiple lesions of pancreas. Nine patients (50%) had other organs metastasis besides pancreatic metastasis at the same time. Five patients underwent pancreatic metastasis resection, while 15 patients received oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI). The mean follow-up was 171.7 months(1~361.5 months) and 5 patients died. The median overall survival (mOS) was 122 months, and the 5 year-survival rate was 81.4%. In univariate analysis, synchronous metastasis to the pancreas, relapse after 10 years, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center prognostic index, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium index were all significant parameters for patients'survival. Conclusions: Metastasis to the pancreas from clear cell renal cell carcinoma were rare. These patients had better survival outcomes, especially those relapsing after ten years. Pancreatic metastasis resection had no significant benefit on patient's survival.

[Clinical and radiologic characteristics as well as outcomes of patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma]

Objective: To analyze the clinical, radiologic characteristics, and outcome of consecutive patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Methods: The medical records of patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma diagnosed through pathology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2001 and May 2018 were obtained. The results of echocardiography, coronary artery CT angiography (CTA), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT), operation, postoperative treatment and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 16 patients were included, 9 were male, 7 were female, the median age was 42.5 years (31.7, 52.5). The interval from symptoms onset to diagnosis was 4.5 months (0.5-18.0 months). Eight patients were diagnosed at non-metastatic phase, while 8 patients were in metastatic phase. The main complaints were dyspnea, short breath, chest pain, hemoptysis, syncope, edema, fever, fatigue, and cough. Three patients (18.8%) had pericardial tamponade in the course of the disease. Echocardiography was performed on all 16 patients, cardiac mass was found in 12 patients, and pericardial effusion or pericardial thickening was observed in 4 patients. In 8 cases with results of coronary CTA, 5 cases presented signs of right atrium occupation, 1 case presented sign of right ventricle occupation, and 1 case presented isolated massive pericardial effusion. None abnormality was found in 1 case. Of the 7 patients who underwent CMR, 6 presented with right atrium mass occupation and 1 mediastinal mass. Four patients received PET-CT examination and results showed that all presented with hypermetabolic lesions: 2 in right atrium, 1 in pericardium, and 1 in mediastinum, and lung metastasis was found in 2 cases. Among the 16 patients, 13 received surgical treatment, 2 received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 1 received chemotherapy and radiotherapy after biopsy. The median overall survival was 3.0 months. Conclusion: Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis, and echocardiography has only limited diagnostic value for angiosarcoma. CMR, CTA or PET-CT examinations could provide valuable clues for the diagnosis of this rare disease.

[Study on computer aided design system of anterior prosthesis in terms of artificial neural network]

OBJECTIVE

This study was to develop computer aided design system of anterior prosthesis, which can improve information communication among doctors, technicians, patients and raise anterior prosthesis cosmetic effect.

METHODS

Digital camera was used for image capture; Space field method, neighboring field average method, midst value filter method, and image average method were used for image pre-process; sample teeth were constructed; anterior prosthesis were automatically designed through tooth feature extraction.

RESULTS

86 patients were prosthetically designed through this CAD system with excellent results.

CONCLUSION

This system implemented anterior prosthesis CAD rapidly, guided clinical application and promoted information process in the field of prosthetics.