Should we get routine urothelial biopsies in every stone surgery?

Physical traumas have been implicated as intrinsic risk factors for the progression of urothelial tumours. In stone disease, histologic changes of the urothelium have a wide spectrum. We want to show the importance of biopsies for identification of these changes. In this study, we investigated the histologic changes of the urothelium in stone patients. There were 16 squamous metaplasia, 14 pyelitis follicularis, 5 pyelitis or ureteritis cystica, 4 polypoid pyelitis or ureteritis, 2 encrusted pyelitis in 43 stone patients, and 5 calcium, 2 long-standing struvite and 2 mixed calculi histories were found in 9 of 14 upper urothelial tumour patients. According to our results, it is important to identify the histologic changes of the upper urothelium during stone surgery for possible neoplastic progression in the future. If any suspicious finding is demonstrated, the patients should be enrolled in a follow-up programme or should be transferred to tumour treatment programme. Therefore, we propose to take biopsies of the urothelium in every stone surgery.

Penile strangulation injuries

Penile tourniquet injury is probably not a rare entity. Various objects can cause penile strangulation, which may lead to severe injury. Three penile strangulation injuries are presented, one due to thread and two to hair. There were urethral fistulas in two cases. All patients were circumcised and had enuresis nocturna. They were treated successfully. In enuretic patients, it should be kept in mind that there may be a strangulation that can cause penile edema or ulceration and even a urethral fistula.