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Morán P, Gómez A, Valadez A, García G, Ramos F, González E, Limón A, Riebeling C, Valenzuela O, Rojas L, Melendro EI, Ximénez C. Periodicity and patterns of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar infection in HIV+/AIDS patients in Mexico. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2010; 103:307-15. [PMID: 19508748 DOI: 10.1179/136485909x435030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a 12-month longitudinal study, a cohort of Mexican HIV+/AIDS patients was checked several times for Entamoeba infection, with the parasites identified, as E. histolytica or E. dispar, using PCR. The polymorphic region of the parasites' chitinase genes was investigated by PCR, with the variation in amplicon sizes being used as a measure of the genetic variation among the isolates. The patients found infected with Entamoeba at the start of the study displayed varied patterns of infection clearance and re-infection. The analysis of the polymorphisms in the chitinase gene revealed seven polymorphic patterns in the E. histolytica isolates investigated and three in the E. dispar isolates. Many of the patients were each re-infected with Entamoeba at least once during the 12 months of follow-up. As seen in a previous study in Mexico, none of the E. histolytica-infected patients developed any clinical symptoms of invasive amoebiasis during the follow-up period. The results highlight the complexity of the host-parasite relationship in human amoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morán
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and Unidad de Investigación Médical en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, México, Mexico
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Valenzuela O, Morán P, Gómez A, Cordova K, Corrales N, Cardoza J, Gómez N, Cano M, Ximénez C. Epidemiology of amoebic liver abscess in Mexico: the case of Sonora. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 101:533-8. [PMID: 17716437 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x193851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Valenzuela
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico, Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas Jhonson y Blvd Rosales s/n, CP 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Valenzuela O, Ramos F, Morán P, González E, Valadez A, Gómez A, Melendro EI, Ramiro M, Muñoz O, Ximénez C. Persistence of secretory antiamoebic antibodies in patients with past invasive intestinal or hepatic amoebiasis. Parasitol Res 2001; 87:849-52. [PMID: 11688892 DOI: 10.1007/s004360100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, it was demonstrated that in amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess patients, the secretory response is long-lasting (> 12 months); and 50% of amoebic dysentery patients developed circulating antiamoebic IgG in comparison with 100% of amoebic liver abscess individuals. A total of 83% of these individuals developed high levels of serum anti-Entamoeba histolytica IgA. However, only 10.4% of the dysentery patients showed this anti-E. histolytica antibody isotype in serum. There was no correlation between secretory and serum antiamoebic response, suggesting independent inductive and effector sites in both compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Valenzuela
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México DF, México
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramiro
- Hospital Regional 1 de Octubre ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
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González E, Rico G, Morán P, Ramos F, García G, Padilla G, Ramiro M, Valdez E, Muñoz O, Gómez A, Kretschmer R, Melendro EI, Ximénez C. Purification and biochemical characterization of three cysteine proteases of Entamoeba histolytica with potential application in epidemiologic trials. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S49-52. [PMID: 11070220 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E González
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Ramos F, Valdez E, Morán P, González E, Padilla G, Gómez A, Ramiro M, Melendro EI, Muñoz O, Clark CG, Ximénez C. Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in a highly endemic rural population. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S34-5. [PMID: 11070214 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ramos
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Valdez E, del Carmen Martínez M, Gómez A, Cedillo R, Arellano J, Pérez ME, Ramos F, Morán P, González E, Valenzuela O, Melendro EI, Ramiro M, Kretschmer R, Muñoz O, Ximénez C. HLA characterization in adult asymptomatic cyst passers of Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar. Parasitol Res 1999; 85:833-6. [PMID: 10494810 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed at studying the possible association of HLA antigens with Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar asymptomatic infection in a Mexican mestizo population. A case-control design was selected for evaluation of the role of genetic markers in parasite infection. For this purpose the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR profiles of a population of asymptomatic E. histolytica/E. dispar adult cyst passers (cases) and a corresponding nonparasitized adult group (controls) followed for 12 months were identified. Entamoeba species were identified through zymodeme patterns and/or amplification of species-specific DNA sequences. A healthy, nonparasitized group of individuals was included as a control. Our results show that apparently, no specific HLA marker is associated with the asymptomatic cyst passers' condition. These findings have to be added to previous results in which, in contrast to a demonstrated association between HLA-DR3 and amebic liver abscess in Mexican mestizo adults and infants, no significant association with amebic rectocolitis was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Valdez
- Hospital de Pediatría Centro Médico Siglo XXI, IMSS, México
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Ramos F, Zurabian R, Morán P, Ramiro M, Gómez A, Clark CG, Melendro EI, García G, Ximénez C. The effect of formalin fixation on the polymerase chain reaction characterization of Entamoeba histolytica. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93:335-6. [PMID: 10492774 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Formalin fixation is the most common storage, transportation and preservation method for stool samples. However, fixation dramatically reduces our ability to extract from stool samples DNA that is a suitable template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic tests. In this study we evaluated the effects of formalin concentration and of the time stored in fixative on the success of PCR amplification. We found that the deleterious effects of formalin are both time and concentration dependent and may result from fragmentation of fixed DNA during its purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ramos
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico
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Gómez-Delgado A, Martínez-García MD, Garduño-Espinosa J, Garduño-Rodríguez G, Valadez-Salazar A, Leyva O, Cedillo-Rivera R, Ximénez C, Muñoz O. Humoral immune response to E. histolytica/E. dispar during the first year of life. A cohort study. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:325-6. [PMID: 9033119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gómez-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F., Mexico
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Rico G, Ximénez C, Ramos F, Kretschmer RR. Production of the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) by axenically grown Entamoeba histolytica: synthesis or degradation? Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:235-6. [PMID: 9033084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Rico
- Unidad de Investigacion Médica en Inmunologia, Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, México D.F., Mexico
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Valdez-Martínez E, Gómez A, Martínez MC, Cedillo R, Zárate B, Rámos F, Moran P, Melendro EI, Padilla G, Arellano-Blanco J, Kretschmer R, Ximénez C, Muñoz O, Pérez-Rodríguez ME. Frequency of HLA in adult E.histolytica/E.dispar cyst passer population. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:248-9. [PMID: 9033089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Valdez-Martínez
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clinica, Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Ramos F, Valenzuela O, Morán P, González E, Ramiro M, Cedillo R, Martínez MC, Gómez A, Muñoz O, Melendro EI, Ximénez C. Anti-E. histolytica IgA antibodies in saliva of E. histolytica or E.dispar infected individuals: longitudinal study of cohorts. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:327-9. [PMID: 9033120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ramos
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
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Abstract
The proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10 subjects that had typhoid fever, and healthy volunteers without history of typhoid fever or immunization against disease, were analysed with antigen fractions from two protein extracts of Salmonella typhi. Fractions from each extract were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose filters by electroblotting and processed to obtain antigen-bearing nitrocellulose particles for use in lymphocyte cultures. Although the individual proliferative responses were heterogeneous we identified two main immunogenic regions of 29-32 10(3) MW and 45-56 x 10(3) MW for both extracts. Even though there was no one particular antigenic fraction capable of stimulating lymphocytes from all individuals with a previous history of typhoid fever, the combination of three fractions 29-32, 41-45, 63-71 x 10(3) MW could be stimulatory for cells of 90% of these individuals. Also, four subjects that did not respond to unfractionated antigens gave proliferative responses to several fractions of the same extract. We have identified the main immunogenic fractions of S. typhi that might play a role during typhoid infection and postinfection immunity, and merit further purification and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Mendoza F, Melendro EI, Baltazares M, Bañales JL, Ximénez C, Chapela R, Selman M. Cellular immune response to fractionated avian antigens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pigeon breeder's disease. J Lab Clin Med 1996; 127:23-8. [PMID: 8592093 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2143(96)90162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon breeder's disease (PBD), a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by repeated inhalation of antigens of pigeon origin, is characterized by a diffuse inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Although a variety of immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms have been described in the development of the disease, the pathogenesis is still far from clear. In this study we analyzed the T-lymphocyte proliferative response to a variety of avian antigens with use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 patients who had PBD and 10 healthy volunteers. We used a new method based on avian antigen-bearing nitrocellulose particles derived from Western blots to study the T-cell proliferative response to 15 antigenic fractions obtained from pigeon serum. With this technique, complex mixtures of antigens can be fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and used for T-cell proliferation assays with selected antigenic determinants. A wide variety of responses were observed, and there were no reproducible patterns of reaction within either group. Nine of 10 healthy subjects responded to some soluble fractions. However, patients with PBD displayed the strongest response and responded to a significantly greater number of antigenic fractions. Fraction 2, representing a 220 kd molecular weight protein, was the only immunodominant antigen when both groups were compared; it was recognized by 73% of the patients with PBD and by only 20% of control subjects (p < 0.03). These findings show that T lymphocytes of patients with PBD recognize a wide range of bird proteins, which induce marked T-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, México, DF, México
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Ximénez C, Leyva O, Morán P, Ramos F, Melendro EI, Ramiro M, Martinez MC, Muñoz O, Kretschmer R, Arellano J. Entamoeba histolytica: antibody response to recent and past invasive events. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1993; 87:31-9. [PMID: 8346990 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1993.11812737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sero-epidemiological data from endemic amoebiasis areas are difficult to evaluate because the serology of individuals affected by an active process of Entamoeba histolytica tissue invasion is, at present, almost impossible to distinguish from that of individuals who have had an invasive event in the past. The present study compares serum antigenic recognition frequencies among three groups of individuals with different infective conditions: amoebic liver abscess patients; asymptomatic cyst passers; and individuals who have had amoebic liver abscess from one to three years before the study. Control groups consisted of Mexican and Canadian healthy adults. Western blots of E. histolytica membrane extract antigen were reacted with sera from the studied individuals, recognition frequency values were calculated and immunoplots of frequency differences were constructed. The results obtained suggest that the identification and purification of antigenic fractions, which are frequently recognized by sera of amoebic liver abscess patients (136, 132, 93, 70 and 62 kDa), or preferentially associated with past invasive events (144, 140 and 49 kDa), or related to the E. histolytica cyst passer condition (62 and 136 kDa), are important improvements in the use of serology for diagnosis and epidemiological studies in endemic areas of amoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ximénez
- UNAM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, México City, D. F
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Ximénez C, Sosa O, Leyva O, Morán P, Melendro EI, Ramiro M. Western blot of Entamoeba histolytica antigenic fractions: reactivity analysis with sera from intestinal amoebiasis patients. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1992; 86:121-7. [PMID: 1417202 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1992.11812641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of sera from acute-phase intestinal amoebiasis patients (two weeks evolution) was studied to determine which of the Entamoeba histolytica antigens are most frequently immunogenic. Sera were examined by means of immunoelectrotransferase assay using crude extract of HM1:IMSS E. histolytica trophozoites. Three populations of clinically healthy adults from Mexico, Canada and Germany, with no evidence of parasites in faeces, were used as controls. The frequency of antigen recognition was analysed. In ailing individuals, the bands of 23, 24, 26 and 51 kDa were recognized most frequently (65 and 60%) followed by the 62 kDa band (56%). The combination of some of these bands, namely 3.4, 4.1 and 6.7, with molecular weights of 62, 51 and 24 kDa, increased the recognition frequency of patients to 91.4%. These results constitute a first but important step towards the design of more accurate methods for the successful immunodiagnosis and epidemiology of acute intestinal amoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ximénez
- Subdivisión de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM Mexico City
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Ortiz-Ortiz L, Ximénez C, Mendoza F, Michalak C, Melendro EI, Oliva A. Entamoeba histolytica: specific antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody. Exp Parasitol 1986; 61:390-7. [PMID: 2423362 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(86)90195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Specific antigenic determinants on the membrane surface of Entamoeba histolytica that distinguish it from other Entamoeba species were demonstrated. Evidence for these antigenic determinants was obtained with a monoclonal antibody to E. histolytica which showed not only specificity but also sensitivity as demonstrated in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the monoclonal antibody recognized an epitope present on the membrane surface of E. histolytica trophozoites. The epitope detected by the monoclonal antibody was present in three components of different molecular weight. These components may have a common precursor or may be the result of enzymatic degradation under the conditions tested.
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Ximénez C, Mendoza F, Michalak C, Melondro EI, Oliva A, Ortiz Ortiz L. [Immunologic characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for E. histolytica]. Salud Publica Mex 1985; 27:235-40. [PMID: 2864744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Mendoza F, Ximénez C, Díaz de León L, Ortiz Ortiz L. [Translation of RNA obtained from Entamoeba histolytica and its characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody]. Salud Publica Mex 1985; 27:241-5. [PMID: 2413554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Ximénez C, Melendro EI, González-Mendoza A, García AM, Martínez A, Ortiz-Ortiz L. Resistance to Nocardia brasiliensis infection in mice immunized with either Nocardia or BCG. Mycopathologia 1980; 70:117-22. [PMID: 7393313 DOI: 10.1007/bf00443077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Different vaccination procedures to increase the mechanisms of host resistance to Nocardia brasiliensis were studied in mice. When mice were challenged in the footpad, 2 x 10(8) N. brasiliensis 20 days after footpad inoculation with either viable or killed N. brasiliensis, the mice demonstrated significant resistance to infection when compared with noninfected and nonimmunized mice. The degree of resistance seems to be correlated with the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the vaccinated animals. Vaccination with another acid-fast bacilli, BCG, afforded both a mild protection and low DTH reactivity. Antibody levels to Nocardia were similar in either Nocardia- or BCG-treated groups indicating that they do not play an important role in resistance to infection by N. brasiliensis.
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Melendro EI, Contreras MF, Ximénez C, García-Maynez AM, Ortiz-Ortiz L. Changes in host resistance caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in mice: cross-protection against Listeria monocytogenes. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1978; 57:74-81. [PMID: 640748 DOI: 10.1159/000232086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes was used to study the rate of development, magnitude, and persistence of the antimicrobial resistance engendered by Nocardia brasiliensis infection in mice. The growth of Listeria in the liver and spleen was more effectively restricted in Nocardia-infected mice than in noninfected animals. The development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to the Nocardia antigen was closely correlated to the increased resistance to Listeria, suggesting that both properties are the consequence of a single immunological event. The antibacterial resistance was also demonstrated in vitro. The results of the foregoing studies indicate that the microbicidal ability of macrophages, very likely activated by cell-mediated immunity, in enhanced in mice infected with Nocardia.
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