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Schwill S, Krug K, Valentini J, Rentschler A, Nikendei C, Szecsenyi J, Bugaj TJ. How to strengthen basic competencies in self-care - a pre-post interventional study with postgraduate trainees in family medicine in Germany. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:572-580. [PMID: 33843446 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1916298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Self-care includes taking care of our psychosocial health. Many experts agree that self-care should be included in training for Family Medicine (FM) residents, though it is unclear to what extent and by what means. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate competencies of FM residents in self-care and changes in knowledge, skills and attitudes after an educational compact intervention.Methods: The authors performed a pre-post comparison on residents who were registered in the FM residency program KWBW VerbundweiterbildungPLUS© (n = 401). FM residents were offered participation in a self-care training (270 minutes featuring a broad spectrum of input and practical experience). The intervention group (IG) completed a questionnaire directly before the seminar (T1) and 10 weeks afterwards (T2). Non-attendees (=control group; CG) were asked to fill out a basic questionnaire once. Basic questionnaires for IG and CG covered previous experiences and skills while the follow-up questionnaire at T2 also focused on change of competencies and attitudes. All questionnaires contained free-text questions to capture qualitative impressions.Results: 287 FM residents (IG: n = 212; CG: n = 75) participated in the study. Generally, 86.4% of FM residents had worried that their profession might endanger their personal health (T1: n = 180, CG: n = 68). At T2, 59.5% of IG (n = 66/111) declared that they would not worry about their personal health anymore (T1:T2, p < .01). IG learned to facilitate time for recreation (T1:T2, p = .04) and to use relaxation techniques (T1:T2, p = .01). Gain in competence was described in awareness of stress, self-reward, activation of personal resources, and time management. A total of 85.6% of IG reflected their attitudes towards psychosocial health of physicians in general (n = 95/111) and 22.5% of IG changed the views on their own health (n = 25/111) in terms of improved risk-awareness, increased intention for self-care and change of behavior.Conclusion: A compact intervention in self-care strengthens competencies, increases awareness, and helps FM residents identify their psychosocial health risks. Further research is necessary to specify the effectiveness of similar compact interventions in self-care and their long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schwill
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Krug
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Valentini
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Rentschler
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Szecsenyi
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T J Bugaj
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Binder A, Denkinger J, Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount C, Windthorst P, Engelhardt M, Ringwald J, Stuber F, Nikendei C, Kindermann D, Komandur P, Zipfel S, Junne F. Psychological burden, stressors and resources of social workers working with women and children who suffered extreme violence by the 'Islamic state': A mixed method study. J Psychosom Res 2020; 132:109959. [PMID: 32109788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This explorative study aimed to determine the extent of psychological burden in social workers working with traumatized refugees. In addition, distressing and helpful factors determining the psychosocial burden were to be identified and described. METHODS Cross-sectional, mixed method design using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative part included the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and items to assess specific factors of the working-context. The qualitative part is based on 5 focus groupdiscussions and 16 individual interviews. Evaluation was carried out using qualitative content analysis (QCA) including cross-analysis along the subscales of the PSQ to organise the qualitative material. RESULTS N = 54 social workers completed the questionnaire. High scores were found for all subscales of the PSQ. The distressing factor rated the highest was need of interpreters to communicate (M = 5.1, SD = 1.71), the helpful factor rated the highest was communication skills (M = 6.35, SD = 0.73). In the QCA, aspects of distressing and helpful factors were identified and further detailed. CONCLUSION According to the here presented study results, the psychological burdens of social workers working with refugees seem to be high. The impact of distressing factors such as working with interpreters and exposure to trauma content or PTSD symptoms might be reduced by offering specific education and supervision. The individual extent of psychological burden should be considered and (re-)evaluated on a regular basis as secondary prevention. Helpful factors like self-care, teamwork, networking and cooperation are evident and should be supported by implementing professional and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Binder
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - J Denkinger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - P Windthorst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Engelhardt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J Ringwald
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - F Stuber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kindermann
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Komandur
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - F Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Herrmann-Werner A, Weber H, Loda T, Keifenheim KE, Erschens R, Mölbert SC, Nikendei C, Zipfel S, Masters K. "But Dr Google said…" - Training medical students how to communicate with E-patients. Med Teach 2019; 41:1434-1440. [PMID: 30707847 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1555639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Patients who have access to information online may feel empowered and also confront their physicians with more detailed questions. Medical students are not well-prepared for dealing with so-called "e-patients." We created a teaching module to deal with this, and evaluate its effectiveness.Method: Senior medical students had to manage encounters with standardized patients (SPE) in a cross-over design. They received blended-learning teaching on e-patients and a control intervention according to their randomization group (EI/LI = early/late intervention). Each SPE was rated by two blinded video raters, the SP and the student.Results: N = 46 students could be included. After the intervention, each group (EI, LI) significantly improved their competency in dealing with e-patients as judged by expert video raters (EI: MT0 = 9.75 (2.51) versus MT1 = 16.60 (2.80); LI: MT0 = 8.70 (2.14) versus MT2 = 15.20 (2.84); both p < 0.001) and SP (EI: MT0 = 24.13 (4.83) versus MT1 = 26.52 (3.06); LI: MT0 = 23.37 (3.10) versus MT2 = 27.47 (4.38); both p < 0.001). Students' rating showed a similar non-significant trend.Conclusions: Students, SP and expert video raters determined that blended-learning teaching can improve students' competencies when dealing with e-patients. Within the study period, this effect was lasting; however, further studies should look at long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrmann-Werner
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Weber
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Loda
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K E Keifenheim
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Erschens
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S C Mölbert
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Medical Department VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Masters
- Medical Education & Informatics Unit, College of Medicine & Health Sciences SQU, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman
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Brunner F, Dinger U, Komo-Lang M, Friederich HC, Schauenburg H, Herzog W, Nikendei C. Psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic treatment in an evening clinic: a qualitative examination of patients' expectations and experiences. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31719843 PMCID: PMC6836647 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over a course of 10 weeks the psychosomatic–psychotherapeutic evening clinic at the University of Heidelberg offers an intensive and multimodal 3-h treatment program on three evenings a week. The clinic aims at accommodating patients who on the one hand do not fit the criteria of partial or full-time inpatient therapy, but on the other hand requires a more intensified therapy dose than the usual German outpatient settings can cater for. In the presented monocentric, qualitative study, we wanted to examine this treatment concept with regard to the patients’ specific concerns, expectations, and individual experiences. By contrasting differences in intensity of outpatient and inpatient treatment, we aimed to identify those characteristics of the evening clinic setting that were perceived as especially helpful. Method Each of the 25 patients was interviewed twice, using semi-structured interviews. The interviews took place before (T0) and after (T1) the 10-week treatment interval. A qualitative content analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed using the software “MaxQDA”. Results We identified a total of 1609 separate codes and grouped them into 33 topics and 5 overarching categories. Here, we found some aspects independent of the therapeutic setting, and others concerning the patients’ specific expectations and experiences resulting from the particularities of the evening clinic as an outpatient setting including certain inpatient characteristics. This included the possibility of patients continuing to work and being able to fulfil social obligations, i.e. childcare or caring for relatives, while at the same time undergoing intensive psychotherapeutic treatment. Conclusions Our results show that the evening clinic concept is particularly suitable for patients with mental and psychosomatic disorders who require intensified multimodal therapy while continuing to meet their obligations in their private and working lives. However, in comparison to other therapeutic methods, this concept generated greater stress and time challenges. Patients should therefore have a reasonably good standard of functioning in everyday life and sufficient coping resources. This is especially important for patients who continue working in their jobs while undergoing treatment. So far, there is a lack of quantitative data which would be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this novel setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brunner
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Dinger
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Komo-Lang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H C Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Schauenburg
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bugaj TJ, Blohm M, Schmid C, Koehl N, Huber J, Huhn D, Herzog W, Krautter M, Nikendei C. Peer-assisted learning (PAL): skills lab tutors' experiences and motivation. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:353. [PMID: 31521146 PMCID: PMC6744669 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a common teaching and learning method in medical education worldwide. In the setting of skills laboratories (skills labs), student tutors are often employed as an equivalent alternative to faculty teachers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of qualitative studies which explore the reasons for the personal commitment of student tutors. The aim of our study was to examine how undergraduate students experienced and evaluated their roles as skills lab student tutors, what their motivation was, and whether social and cognitive congruence played a role in their teaching experiences. METHODS We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with student tutors who were currently teaching in a skills lab. After the interviews had been transcribed verbatim, two independent investigators performed a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. RESULTS In total, we conducted nine interviews with student tutors. Our results revealed that all student tutors showed great enthusiasm and motivation for their jobs as peer teachers. One of the main motivating factors for student tutors to teach in a skills lab was the possibility to simultaneously share and improve their knowledge and expertise. In general, the participants of our study had high aspirations for their teaching. They found it particularly important to be empathetic with the student learners. At the same time, they thought they would personally benefit from their teaching activities and develop a certain expertise as student tutors. CONCLUSIONS With the present study we are able to gain some insight into what motivates student tutors to teach in a skills lab and what kind of experiences they have. Our results provide an important input for the future training of highly qualified student tutors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Bugaj
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Blohm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany
| | - C. Schmid
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Koehl
- Practice Drs./NL Albertus Arends, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Huber
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Huhn
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W. Herzog
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Krautter
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for Kidney, Hypertension and Autoimmune Diseases, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C. Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount C, Windthorst P, Denkinger J, Ziser K, Nikendei C, Kindermann D, Ringwald J, Renner V, Zipfel S, Junne F. Chronic pain in refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A systematic review on patients' characteristics and specific interventions. J Psychosom Res 2019; 118:83-97. [PMID: 30078503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent symptom and a complicating factor in the treatment of patients. The study' purpose is to systematically review the scientific literature on patients' characteristics and the effects of specific interventions implemented for the treatment of chronic pain in traumatized refugees. METHOD A systematic search of the current literature was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, from 1996 to 2017. A structured screening process in accordance with the PRISMA-statement was used with eligibility criteria based on the modified PICOS-criteria including refugees with chronic pain and diagnosed PTSD to investigate sample size, gender, country of origin, residential status, pain locations, predictors and correlations and type and efficacy of specific interventions. RESULTS The initial search resulted in a total of 2169 references, leading to 15 included studies. Most frequently, patients reported headaches, backaches, and pain in the arms and legs. Pain symptoms were associated with higher age, female gender, general living difficulties and PTSD symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and, Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) with biofeedback, manualized trauma psychotherapy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Emotional Freedom Techniques were evaluated as specific interventions, resulting in positive outcomes for both pain severity and PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS To date, the existing literature shows scarce evidence evaluating specific interventions that address the needs of traumatized refugees with chronic pain. However, the current reported evidence allows for a preliminary evaluation of the characterizations of patient dimensions as well as promising results found in intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - P Windthorst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J Denkinger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - K Ziser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kindermann
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ringwald
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - V Renner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - F Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Huhn D, Lauter J, Roesch Ely D, Koch E, Möltner A, Herzog W, Resch F, Herpertz SC, Nikendei C. Performance of International Medical Students In psychosocial medicine. BMC Med Educ 2017; 17:111. [PMID: 28693486 PMCID: PMC5504851 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particularly at the beginning of their studies, international medical students face a number of language-related, social and intercultural challenges. Thus, they perform poorer than their local counterparts in written and oral examinations as well as in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) in the fields of internal medicine and surgery. It is still unknown how international students perform in an OSCE in the field of psychosocial medicine compared to their local fellow students. METHODS All students (N = 1033) taking the OSCE in the field of psychosocial medicine and an accompanying written examination in their eighth or ninth semester between 2012 and 2015 were included in the analysis. The OSCE consisted of four different stations, in which students had to perform and manage a patient encounter with simulated patients suffering from 1) post-traumatic stress disorder, 2) schizophrenia, 3) borderline personality disorder and 4) either suicidal tendency or dementia. Students were evaluated by trained lecturers using global checklists assessing specific professional domains, namely building a relationship with the patient, conversational skills, anamnesis, as well as psychopathological findings and decision-making. RESULTS International medical students scored significantly poorer than their local peers (p < .001; η2 = .042). Within the specific professional domains assessed, they showed poorer scores, with differences in conversational skills showing the highest effect (p < .001; η2 = .053). No differences emerged within the multiple-choice examination (p = .127). CONCLUSION International students showed poorer results in clinical-practical exams in the field of psychosocial medicine, with conversational skills yielding the poorest scores. However, regarding factual and practical knowledge examined via a multiple-choice test, no differences emerged between international and local students. These findings have decisive implications for relationship building in the doctor-patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Huhn
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstraße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Lauter
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstraße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Roesch Ely
- Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Koch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Möltner
- Competence Centre for Examinations in Medicine, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - W. Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstraße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. C. Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstraße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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Fünger SM, Lesevic H, Rosner S, Ott I, Berberat P, Nikendei C, Sonne C. Improved self- and external assessment of the clinical abilities of medical students through structured improvement measures in an internal medicine bedside course. GMS J Med Educ 2016; 33:Doc59. [PMID: 27579359 PMCID: PMC5003141 DOI: 10.3205/zma001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedside courses are of outstanding importance when training medical students. The fact that less and less teaching is taking place nowadays at the patient's bedside makes it all the more important that the available time be put to effective use. The aim of this study was to check whether structured improvement measures in the course (scripts, lecturer briefing, e-learning cases) would improve the abilities of the students on the basis of a subjective self-assessment as well as an external assessment by the lecturers with respect to clinical abilities. METHODS Bedside teaching takes place in the fourth study year in the Medical Clinics of the TU Munich. Both students and lecturers had the chance to hand in an anonymous, quantitative self- and external assessment of the clinical abilities of the students (German grading system) after every course date. This assessment took place online in the three categories "Medical history & examination", "Diagnosis" and "Therapy". An overall period of four semesters, each with 6 course dates, was investigated. After two of the total of four semesters in the study, the course was changed by introducing scripts, lecturer briefing as well as interactive e-learning cases. The self- and external assessment was compared both within the semester (date 1-3: A; date 4-6: B), during the course as well as before and after introducing the improvement measures ("before" (T0): SS 2012, SS 2013, "after" (T1): WS 2013/2014, SS 2014). RESULTS There was a significant improvement in one's own abilities on the basis of the self-assessment within each semester when comparing the first (A) and the last (B) course dates. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in the performances in all three categories when T0 was compared with T1, from both the point of view of the students ("Medical history & examination": T0 =2.5±0.9, T1=2.2±0.7, pp<0.001; "Diagnosis" T0=3.1±1.0, T1=2.8 ±0.9, pp<0.001; "Therapy": T0=3.8±1.3, T1=3.5±1.2, pp<0.018) and in two of the three categories from the point of view of the lecturers ("Diagnosis": T0=3.0±1.0, T1=2.7±0.7, p.=0.028; "Therapy": T0=3.8±1.1, T1=3.1±1.0, p<0.001). SUMMARY The structured measures to improve the course including the interactive e-learning cases could have contributed to improved practical abilities with respect to the medical history and examination techniques as well as diagnostic and therapeutic thinking. The external evaluation by lecturers confirmed the improvement with respect to the diagnostic and therapeutic abilities. They only saw no dynamic change in the student's taking histories and clinical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Fünger
- Technical University Munich, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - H Lesevic
- Technical University Munich, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - S Rosner
- Technical University Munich, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - I Ott
- Technical University Munich, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - P Berberat
- Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM MeDiCAL, Centre of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General Internal Medicine & Psychosomatic, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sonne
- Technical University Munich, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany; Praxis, Maroussi, Greece
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Bugaj TJ, Cranz A, Junne F, Erschens R, Herzog W, Nikendei C. Psychosocial burden in medical students and specific prevention strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nikendei C, Ganschow P, Groener JB, Huwendiek S, Köchel A, Köhl-Hackert N, Pjontek R, Rodrian J, Scheibe F, Stadler AK, Steiner T, Stiepak J, Tabatabai J, Utz A, Kadmon M. "Heidelberg standard examination" and "Heidelberg standard procedures" - Development of faculty-wide standards for physical examination techniques and clinical procedures in undergraduate medical education. GMS J Med Educ 2016; 33:Doc54. [PMID: 27579354 PMCID: PMC5003136 DOI: 10.3205/zma001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The competent physical examination of patients and the safe and professional implementation of clinical procedures constitute essential components of medical practice in nearly all areas of medicine. The central objective of the projects "Heidelberg standard examination" and "Heidelberg standard procedures", which were initiated by students, was to establish uniform interdisciplinary standards for physical examination and clinical procedures, and to distribute them in coordination with all clinical disciplines at the Heidelberg University Hospital. The presented project report illuminates the background of the initiative and its methodological implementation. Moreover, it describes the multimedia documentation in the form of pocketbooks and a multimedia internet-based platform, as well as the integration into the curriculum. The project presentation aims to provide orientation and action guidelines to facilitate similar processes in other faculties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Nikendei
- Heidelberg University Hospital, University Medical Center, Internal Medicine II, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: C. Nikendei, Heidelberg University Hospital, University Medical Center, Internal Medicine II, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6221/56-38663, E-mail:
| | - P. Ganschow
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Munich, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - J. B. Groener
- Heidelberg University Hospital, University Medical Center, Internal Medicine I, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Huwendiek
- University of Bern, Institute of Medical Education, Department of Assessment and Evaluation, Bern, Switzerland
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Clinic 1, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Köchel
- Heidelberg University Hospital, University Medical Center, Internal Medicine II, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Köhl-Hackert
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General Medicine and Health Services Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Pjontek
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Rodrian
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Scheibe
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ortenau Hospital Offenburg-Gengenbach, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Offfenburg-Gengenbach, Germany
| | - A.-K. Stadler
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Steiner
- Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Department of Neurology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - J. Stiepak
- Heidelberg University Hospital, University Medical Center, Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Tabatabai
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Utz
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ortenau Hospital Offenburg-Gengenbach, Department of Gynecology, Offenburg-Gengenbach, Germany
| | - M. Kadmon
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oldenburg, Germany
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Bugaj TJ, Nikendei C. Practical Clinical Training in Skills Labs: Theory and Practice. GMS J Med Educ 2016; 33:Doc63. [PMID: 27579363 PMCID: PMC5003146 DOI: 10.3205/zma001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Today, skills laboratories or "skills labs", i.e. specific practical skill training facilities, are a firmly established part of medical education offering the possibility of training clinical procedures in a safe and fault-forging environment prior to real life application at bedside or in the operating room. Skills lab training follows a structured teaching concept, takes place under supervision and in consideration of methodological-didactic concepts, ideally creating an atmosphere that allows the repeated, anxiety- and risk-free practice of targeted skills. In this selective literature review, the first section is devoted to (I) the development and dissemination of the skills lab concept. There follows (II) an outline of the underlying idea and (III) an analysis of key efficacy factors. Thereafter, (IV) the training method's effectiveness and transference are illuminated, before (V) the use of student tutors, in the sense of peer-assisted-learning, in skills labs is discussed separately. Finally, (VI) the efficiency of the skills lab concept is analyzed, followed by an outlook on future developments and trends in the field of skills lab training.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Bugaj
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Nikendei
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: C. Nikendei, University Hospital Heidelberg, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6221/56-38663, Fax: +49 (0)6221/56-5749, E-mail:
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Nikendei C, Huhn D, Pittius G, Trost Y, Bugaj TJ, Koechel A, Schultz JH. Students' Perceptions on an Interprofessional Ward Round Training - A Qualitative Pilot Study. GMS J Med Educ 2016; 33:Doc14. [PMID: 27280125 PMCID: PMC4895847 DOI: 10.3205/zma001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ward rounds are an essential activity for interprofessional teams in hospital settings and represent complex tasks requiring not only medical knowledge but also communication skills, clinical technical skills, patient management skills and team-work skills. The present study aimed to analyse final year students', nurses' as well as physiotherapists' views on a simulation-based interprofessional ward round training. METHODS In two successive passes a total number of 29 final year students, nursing students and physiotherapy students (16 in the first run, 13 in the second) volunteered to participate in two standardized patient ward round scenarios: (1) patient with myocardial infarction, and (2) patient with poorly controlled diabetes. Views on the interprofessional ward round training were assessed using focus groups. RESULTS Focus group based feedback contained two main categories (A) ward round training benefits and (B) difficulties. Positive aspects enfolded course preparation, setting of the training, the involvement of the participants during training and the positive learning atmosphere. Difficulties were seen in the flawed atmosphere and realization of ward rounds in the daily clinical setting with respect to inter-professional aspects, and course benefit for the different professional groups. CONCLUSION The presented inter-professional ward round training represents a well received and valuable model of interprofessional learning. Further research should assess its effectiveness, processes of interprofessional interplay and transfer into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Nikendei
- University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: C. Nikendei, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6221/56-38663, Fax: +49 (0)6221/56-5749, E-mail:
| | - D. Huhn
- University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Pittius
- Louise von Marillac-School for Health Professions, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y. Trost
- IB-GIS mbH Medical Academy for Physiotherapy, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T. J. Bugaj
- University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Koechel
- University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J.-H. Schultz
- University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
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Groener JB, Bugaj TJ, Scarpone R, Koechel A, Stiepak J, Branchereau S, Krautter M, Herzog W, Nikendei C. Video-based on-ward supervision for final year medical students. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15:163. [PMID: 26419731 PMCID: PMC4588264 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constructive feedback is an essential element of the educational process, helping trainees reach their maximum potential and increasing their skill level. Video-based feedback has been described as highly effective in various educational contexts. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of video-based, on-ward supervision for final year students in a clinical context with real patients. METHODS Nine final year medical students (three male, six female; aged 25.1 ± 0.7 years) and eight patients (five male, three female; aged 59.3 ± 16.8 years) participated in the pilot study. Final year students performed routine medical procedures at bedside on internal medicine wards at the University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital. Students were filmed and were under supervision. After performing the procedures, an oral feedback loop was established including student, patient and supervisor feedback on communicative and procedural aspects of skills performed. Finally, students watched their video, focusing on specific teachable moments mentioned by the supervisor. Written evaluations and semi-structured interviews were conducted that focused on the benefits of video-based, on-ward supervision. Interviews were analysed qualitatively, using open coding to establish recurring themes and overarching categories to describe patients' and students' impressions. Descriptive, quantitative analysis was used for questionnaire data. RESULTS Supervised, self-chosen skills included history taking (n = 6), physical examination (n = 1), IV cannulation (n = 1), and ECG recording (n = 1). The video-based, on-ward supervision was well accepted by patients and students. Supervisor feedback was rated as highly beneficial, with the video material providing an additional opportunity to focus on crucial aspects and to further validate the supervisor's feedback. Students felt the video material would be less beneficial without the supervisor's feedback. The setting was rated as realistic, with filming not influencing behaviour. CONCLUSION Video-based, on-ward supervision may be a powerful tool for improving clinical medical education. However, it should be regarded as an additional tool in combination with supervisors' oral feedback. Acceptance was high in both students and patients. Further research should address possibilities of efficiently combining and routinely establishing these forms of feedback in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Groener
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - T J Bugaj
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - R Scarpone
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Koechel
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J Stiepak
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - S Branchereau
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - M Krautter
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - W Herzog
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Huhn D, Junne F, Zipfel S, Duelli R, Resch F, Herzog W, Nikendei C. International medical students--a survey of perceived challenges and established support services at medical faculties. GMS Z Med Ausbild 2015; 32:Doc9. [PMID: 25699112 PMCID: PMC4330639 DOI: 10.3205/zma000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students with a non-German background face several challenges during their studies. Besides support given by foreign student offices further specific projects for international students have been developed and are offered by medical faculties. However, so far, neither a systematic survey of the faculties' perceived problems nor of the offered support exists. METHOD All study deaneries of medical faculties in Germany were contacted between April and October 2013 and asked for their participation in a telephone interview. Interview partners were asked about 1.) The percentage of non-German students at the medical faculty; 2.) The perceived difficulties and problems of foreign students; 3.) The offers for non-German students; and 4.) The specification of further possibilities of support. Given information was noted, frequencies counted and results interpreted via frequency analysis. RESULTS Only 39% of the medical faculties could give detailed information about the percentage of non-German students. They reported an average share of 3.9% of students with an EU migration background and 4.9% with a non-EU background. Most frequently cited offers are student conducted tutorials, language courses and tandem-programs. The most frequently reported problem by far is the perceived lack of language skills of foreign students at the beginning of their studies. Suggested solutions are mainly the development of tutorials and the improvement of German medical terminology. DISCUSSION Offers of support provided by medical faculties for foreign students vary greatly in type and extent. Support offered is seen to be insufficient in coping with the needs of the international students in many cases. Hence, a better coverage of international students as well as further research efforts to the specific needs and the effectiveness of applied interventions seem to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Huhn
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Junne
- Eberhard-Karls-University Tubingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Zipfel
- Eberhard-Karls-University Tubingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Duelli
- Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Resch
- Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W. Herzog
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Nikendei
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: C. Nikendei, University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Thibautstraße 2, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6221/56-38663, Fax: +49 (0)6221/56-5330, E-mail:
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Blohm M, Lauter J, Branchereau S, Krautter M, Köhl-Hackert N, Jünger J, Herzog W, Nikendei C. "Peer-assisted learning" (PAL) in the Skills-Lab--an inventory at the medical faculties of the Federal Republic of Germany. GMS Z Med Ausbild 2015; 32:Doc10. [PMID: 25699102 PMCID: PMC4330629 DOI: 10.3205/zma000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over multiple years, the didactic concept of "peer-assisted learning" (PAL) has proved to be valuable for medical education. Particularly in the field of the nowadays widely established Skills-Labs, the assignment of student tutors is both popular and effective. The aim of the underlying study is to assess the current status of PAL programs within German medical faculties' Skills-Labs regarding their distribution, extent, structure and content based on a nation-wide survey. METHODS All 36 medical faculties in Germany were contacted and asked for their participation (via telephone or in written form) in the survey encompassing 16 central questions as to the structure of established PAL programs. Data obtained were subject to quantitative and qualitative analysis. RESULTS 35 of 36 (97.2%) medical faculties participated in the survey. A PAL program was shown to be established at 33 (91.7%) faculties. However, the results show distinct differences between different faculties with respect to extent and content of the PAL programs. CONCLUSIONS Among German medical Skills-Labs, PAL has been established almost ubiquitously. Further studies on the conception and standardization of training concepts appear to be pivotal for the advancement of PAL in the context of Skills-Labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blohm
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Lauter
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Branchereau
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krautter
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Köhl-Hackert
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Jünger
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
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Huhn D, Resch F, Duelli R, Möltner A, Huber J, Karimian Jazi K, Amr A, Eckart W, Herzog W, Nikendei C. Examination performances of German and international medical students in the preclinical studying-term--a descriptive study. GMS Z Med Ausbild 2014; 31:Doc29. [PMID: 25228931 PMCID: PMC4152993 DOI: 10.3205/zma000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students with a migration background face several specific problems during their studies. International surveys show first indications that this group of students performs worse in written, oral or practical exams. However, so far, nothing is known about the performance of international students in written pre-clinical tests as well as in pre-clinical State Examinations for German-speaking countries. METHOD A descriptive, retrospective analysis of the exam performances of medical students in the pre-clinical part of their studies was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg in for the year 2012. Performance in written tests of the final exams in the second (N=276), third (N=292) and fourth semester (N=285) were compared between German students, students from EU countries and students from non-EU countries. Same comparison was drawn for the performance in the oral exam of the First State Examination in the period from 2009 - 2012 (N=1137). RESULTS German students performed significantly better than students with a non-EU migration background both in all written exams and in the oral State Examination (all p<.05). The performance of students with an EU migration background was significantly better than that of students with a non-EU background in the written exam at the end of the third and fourth semester (p<.05). Furthermore, German students completed the oral exam of the First State Examination significantly earlier than students with a non-EU migration background (<.01). DISCUSSION Due to its poorer performance in written and oral examinations and its simultaneously longer duration of study, the group of non-German medical students with a country of origin outside of the European Union has to be seen as a high-risk group among students with a migration background. For this group, there is an urgent need for early support to prepare for written and oral examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huhn
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Resch
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Deanery of Student Affairs at the Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Duelli
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Deanery of Student Affairs at the Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Möltner
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Competence Centre for Examinations in Medicine, Baden-Württemberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Huber
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Karimian Jazi
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Tutors of Heidelberg's Tutorial for International Medical Students (HeiTiMed), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Amr
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Tutors of Heidelberg's Tutorial for International Medical Students (HeiTiMed), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Eckart
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Institute for History and Ethics in Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nikendei
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nikendei C, Funiok C, Pfüller U, Zastrow A, Aschenbrenner S, Weisbrod M, Herzog W, Friederich HC. Memory performance in acute and weight-restored anorexia nervosa patients. Psychol Med 2011; 41:829-838. [PMID: 20529417 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291710001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN), at the stage of starvation and emaciation, is characterized by abnormalities in cognitive function, including memory performance. It is unclear whether memory impairment persists or is reversible following weight restoration, and whether memory function differs between AN subtypes. The aim of the present study was to investigate general memory performance in currently ill and fully weight-restored patients of different AN subtypes. METHOD Memory performance was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) in a total of 99 participants, including 34 restricting-type AN patients (AN-RESTR), 19 binge-eating/purging-type AN patients (AN-PURGE), 16 weight-restored AN patients (AN-W-R) and 30 healthy controls (CONTROL). Cognitive evaluation included a battery of standardized neuropsychological tasks for validating the findings on memory function. RESULTS Deficits were found with respect to immediate and delayed story recall in currently ill AN patients irrespective of AN subtype. These deficits persisted in weight-restored AN patients. Currently ill and weight-restored AN patients did not differ significantly from healthy controls with respect to working memory or other measures of neuropsychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that impaired memory performance is either a stable trait characteristic or a scar effect of chronic starvation that may play a role in the development and/or persistence of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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Eden M, Köhl-Hackert N, Krautter M, Jünger J, Nikendei C. An innovative model for the structured on-ward supervision of final year students. Med Teach 2010; 32:181. [PMID: 20163239 DOI: 10.3109/01421591003656867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Nikendei C, Mennin S, Weyrich P, Kraus B, Zipfel S, Schrauth M, Jünger J. Effects of a supplementary final year curriculum on students' clinical reasoning skills as assessed by key-feature examination. Med Teach 2009; 31:e438-42. [PMID: 19811181 DOI: 10.1080/01421590902845873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The final year of medical education is considered crucial in making students 'fit for purpose'. Studies have shown that many students leave medical school without having experienced sufficient preparation for their upcoming professional life. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a supplementary internal medicine final year curriculum on clinical reasoning skills. METHOD Final year internal medicine students from two universities participated in the study which was based on a static-group design. The experimental group (n = 49) took part in a final year student curriculum with interactive case-based seminars and skills training sessions. The comparison group (n = 25) did not receive any additional training beyond working on the ward. Clinical reasoning skills were assessed using a key-feature pre-post test. RESULTS Prior to their clinical rotation, the two groups did not differ in the key-feature examination (p < 0.924). The experimental group performed significantly better than the comparison group (p < 0.028) in the post-intervention key-feature examination. CONCLUSIONS Supplementary interactive case-based seminars and skills training sessions are effective and significantly improve the clinical reasoning skills of final year students in internal medicine. Further study is warranted and should look to examine the effectiveness of a final year student curriculum on other performance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kruppa E, Jünger J, Nikendei C. [Innovative teaching and examination methods--taking stock at German medical faculties]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:371-2. [PMID: 19206056 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Following amendment to the German medical licensing regulations in April 2002, the training and examination of clinical-technical competencies within university medical education has gained in importance. To date, the implementation of new and innovative teaching and assessment methods at medical faculties in the Federal Republic of Germany has not been subject to exhaustive and detailed evaluation. METHODS Using structured telephone interviews, all 36 medical faculties were questioned concerning their curricula, application of skills laboratory training, standardised patients (SPs), problem-based learning (PBL), computer-based training (CBT), and the implementation of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE). RESULTS All 36 faculties (100 %) took part in the survey. 34 faculties (94 %) reported providing training in a skills laboratory and 30 (83 %) faculties reported working with standardised patients. PBL is employed at 33 faculties (92 %) and CBT at 32 (89 %). Practical clinical assessments in the form of OSCEs are conducted at 28 faculties and are currently being installed at two further universities. CONCLUSION New and innovative teaching and examination methods have been implemented in almost all medical universities in the Federal Republic of Germany. Further studies are needed in order to assess the extent to which individual specialist fields are involved in these developments.
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Nikendei C, Andreesen S, Hoffmann K, Junger J. Cross-year peer tutoring on internal medicine wards: effects on self-assessed clinical competencies--a group control design study. Med Teach 2009; 31:e32-5. [PMID: 19330661 DOI: 10.1080/01421590802464452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has become a well-accepted teaching method within medical education. However, descriptions of on-ward PAL programmes are rare. We introduced a PAL programme with a focus on clinical competencies on internal medicine wards. AIMS To assess the effects of an on-ward PAL programme on self-assessed clinical competencies. METHOD A total of 168 medical students were randomly assigned to one of the seven intervention wards or one of the seven control wards. During their 5-week ward-placement, the intervention group (IG; n = 88) received 10 patient-centred tutorials lead by final year tutors: (I) history taking, (II) physical examination, (III) blood withdrawal, (IV) infusion, (V) patient files, (VI and VII) ECG, (VIII-X) chart rounds. The control group (CG; n = 80) did not take part in the PAL programme. Clinical competencies were self-assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS For five of the ten assessed clinical competencies, increases in self-confidence ratings were significantly higher in the IG as compared to CG. CONCLUSIONS RESULTS provide preliminary evidence to suggest that PAL programmes on internal medicine wards and with final year students as peer tutors may represent a valuable additional tool within medical clerkships. However, the findings must be confirmed and clarified in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Germany.
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Nikendei C, Weisbrod M, Schild S, Bender S, Walther S, Herzog W, Zipfel S, Friederich HC. Anorexia nervosa: selective processing of food-related word and pictorial stimuli in recognition and free recall tests. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:439-47. [PMID: 18348282 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maladaptive processing of food cues is considered pivotal in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. However, the influence of hunger and differences in processing because of the type of stimuli remain largely unclear. METHOD Memory bias for food-related pictorial and semantic stimuli was assessed in a recognition and a free recall test in 16 anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, 16 control participants with food intake prior to the study (CG-FI) and 16 control participants with a fasting period prior to the study (CG-NF). RESULTS Compared with CG-FI participants, both AN and CG-NF participants responded faster to food-related as compared with neutral words (p < .001) in the recognition test. Differences were found for word but not for pictorial stimuli. No group differences were observed with respect to the number of correct retrievals in either the recognition or the free recall test. CONCLUSION The present study found behavioral indications of abnormal processing of food-related and neutral stimuli in anorectic patients similar to those found in fasted healthy controls. Results are discussed in terms of self-schemata in eating disorders, competitive interference, and levels of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Jünger J, Nikendei C, Herzog W, Schultz JH. 5 Jahre Kommunikations- und Interaktionstraining für Medizinstudenten: Von der Insellösung zum longitudinalen Curriculum. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1061513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ward rounds are an essential activity for doctors in hospital settings and represent complex tasks requiring not only medical knowledge but also communication skills, clinical technical skills, patient management skills and team-work skills. The present study aimed to identify final year students' deficiencies in conducting ward rounds in order to aid the development of appropriate teaching tools. METHODS 45 final year students participated in a simulated ward round session with three standardised patient scenarios: (1) myocardial infarction, (2) poorly controlled diabetes, and (3) acute fever in acute myeloid leukaemia. Videotaped sessions were rated by independent raters using binary item checklists which reflected predefined learning goals in five different domains: (I) information gathering, (II) communication with patient, (III) focused physical examination, (IV) chart reviewing/ prescription/ documentation and (V) team communication. RESULTS For the three patient scenarios, 64.3% of the domain-specific learning goals were attained for the domain "information gathering", 79.4% for "communication with patient", 62.6% for "focused physical examination", 48.9% for "chart reviewing/ prescription/ documentation" and 86.0% for the domain "team communication". CONCLUSION Final year students' ward round skills appear to be insufficient with a central deficit in reviewing charts and initiating appropriate prescriptions and documentation. Ward round training which eases the transition from observing ward rounds to conducting them on one's own is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Weyrich P, Schrauth M, Nikendei C. Peer-assisted learning: a planning and implementation framework. Guide supplement 30.4--practical application. Med Teach 2008; 30:444-445. [PMID: 18589887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Weyrich
- University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
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Nikendei C, Köhl-Hackert N, Jünger J. Peer-assisted learning: a planning and implementation framework. Guide supplement 30.3--practical application. Med Teach 2008; 30:442-443. [PMID: 18589886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Germany.
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Nikendei C, Kraus B, Schrauth M, Weyrich P, Zipfel S, Herzog W, Jünger J. Integration of role-playing into technical skills training: a randomized controlled trial. Med Teach 2007; 29:956-60. [PMID: 18158671 DOI: 10.1080/01421590701601543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, efforts have been undertaken to enhance the face validity of technical skills training by introducing role-plays and standardised patients. Since little is known about the effects of role-playing with respect to the realism of a training situation and students' objective performance, we performed a randomized controlled trial. METHODS 36 medical students participated in videotaped small group skills-lab sessions on the topics of Doppler sonography and gastric tube insertion. One half of the students participated in role-plays and the other half practised without role-playing. Realism of the training situation was analysed by means of post-intervention self-selected student survey evaluations. Technical performance and patient-physician communication were assessed by independent ratings of the videotaped sessions. RESULTS The physician's role was regarded to be significantly more realistic when performing role-plays. Assessment of videotaped sessions showed that practising technical skills by performing role-plays resulted in significantly better patient-physician communication whereas students' technical performance did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Introducing role-plays enhances the realism of technical skills training and leads to better patient-physician communication. Students do not seem to be overstrained by practising clinical technical skills using role-plays. We conclude that role-playing is a valuable method in practising technical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Germany.
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Nikendei C, Kraus B, Lauber H, Schrauth M, Weyrich P, Zipfel S, Jünger J, Briem S. An innovative model for teaching complex clinical procedures: integration of standardised patients into ward round training for final year students. Med Teach 2007; 29:246-52. [PMID: 17701640 DOI: 10.1080/01421590701299264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ward rounds are an essential activity for doctors in hospital settings and represent complex tasks requiring not only medical knowledge but also communication skills, clinical technical skills, patient management skills and team-work skills. However, although the need for ward round training is emphasized in the published literature, there are currently no reports of ward round training in a simulated setting with standardized patients. METHODS 45 final year students participated in a ward round training session lasting two hours with three standardized patient scenarios and role-plays. Final year students assumed the role of either doctor, nurse or final year student with role-specific instructions and provided each other with peer-feedback during the training session. Training was assessed using final year student focus groups and semi-structured interviews of standardized patients. Written protocols of the focus group as well as the interviews of standardized patients were content analysed. RESULTS In the course of five focus groups, 204 individual statements were gathered from participating final year students. Ward round training proved to be a feasible tool, well accepted by final year students. It was seen to offer a valuable opportunity for reflection on the processes of ward rounds, important relevant feedback from standardized patients, peer group and tutors. Semi-structured standardized patient interviews yielded 17 central comments indicating that ward rounds are a novel and exciting experience for standardized patients. CONCLUSION Ward round training with standardized patients is greatly appreciated by final year students and is viewed as an important part of their education, easing the transition from observing ward rounds to conducting them on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nikendei C, Schild S, Friederich HC, Bender S, Herzog W, Zipfel S, Weisbrod M. Anorexia nervosa: selective processing of food-related word and picture stimuli in explicit recognition and free recall test. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-970689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nikendei C, Kraus B, Schrauth M, Weyrich P, Zipfel S, Jünger J. An innovative model for final-year students' skills training course in internal medicine: 'essentials from admission to discharge'. Med Teach 2006; 28:648-51. [PMID: 17594558 DOI: 10.1080/01421590600922917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Clerkships are generally seen as a very favourable learning environment for final-year students. However, in recent years the clinical experience of final-year students has been reported to decline progressively. It was decided, therefore, to introduce an innovative skills training model in internal medicine. Sixty final-year students received four consecutive days of training during their first week, consisting of three-hour sessions on each day. The skills training course reflected a patient history from admission to discharge and included all required routine procedures, typical forms/files and computer interactions. Acceptability was measured with self-administered surveys post-intervention and again 16 weeks later; self-assessment was measured pre-/post-intervention. The skills training course was well accepted by the students and led to a significant improvement in self-assessment. It was considered to be very helpful for work on the wards in both the immediate and the long-term retrospective evaluation. The final-year skills training course allows students to learn how to handle specific tools and applications for their work on the ward. It possesses face validity and is easy to integrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schrauth M, Nikendei C, Köchling A, Martens U, Herzog W, Zipfel S. Familientherapie bei Ess-Störungen. Therapeutische Umschau 2006; 63:551-4. [PMID: 16941401 DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930.63.8.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Die Familien von Patientinnen mit Ess-Störungen wie Anorexia nervosa (AN) und Bulimia nervosa (BN) sind durch die Erkrankung hohen emotionalen Belastungen ausgesetzt und zeichnen sich zudem häufig durch auffällige Familienstrukturen und -interaktionen aus. Daher spielt in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Ess-Störungen der Einbezug von Familienangehörigen der Patientinnen eine wichtige Rolle, deren Stellenwert zunehmend als wissenschaftlich gesichert gelten kann. Ganz besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei dem ärztlichen «Aufklärungsgespräch» mit Eltern und Patientinnen im primärärztlichen Kontext zum Aufbau der Therapiemotivation zu. Hierzu sollte der Behandler über Basiskenntnisse der Gesprächsführung mit Familien verfügen, wie sie in diesem Beitrag dargestellt werden. Das im weiteren therapeutischen Prozess angewendete Spektrum von Familieninterventionen reicht von edukativen und supportiven Maßnahmen bis zur Familientherapie im engeren Sinne, die ambulant oder im Rahmen einer stationären Therapie von Fachpsychotherapeuten durchgeführt wird.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schrauth
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen.
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Abstract
Das Metabolische Syndrom, definiert als Symptomenkomplex aus verminderter Glucosetoleranz, zentraler Adipositas, Dyslipopoteinämie und arterieller Hypertonie, geht mit einem vermehrten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Diabetes mellitus einher. Seit etwa 20 Jahren steigt die Häufigkeit des Metabolischen Syndroms stark an. In den USA sind derzeit 21% bis 39% der Bevölkerung betroffen; in Europa liegen die Raten noch etwas niedriger. Parallel nimmt die Häufigkeit depressiver Störungen zu, welche ihrerseits die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität um den Faktor 1,5 bis 2,5 erhöhen. Bei einer Kombination aus Metabolischem Syndrom und depressiver Störung ist mit besonders schwerwiegenden Folgen im Sinne eines Circulus Vitiosus zu rechnen: Die Depression fördert aufgrund behavioraler, pathophysiologischer, genetischer und iatrogener Wirkmechanismen die Entstehung des Metabolischen Syndrom; das Metabolische Syndrom wiederum begünstigt die Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung einer depressiven Symptomatik. Daher müssen bei Patienten mit beiden Krankheitsbildern unbedingt beide Störungen simultan behandelt werden. Wesentliche Bestandteile des Behandlungsplanes sind Gewichtsreduktion, körperliche Aktivität, Psychoeduktion, Einbezug der Familie, der Bezug auf subjektive Erklärungs- und Behandlungsmodelle, kognitive Techniken und der Aufbau von Problemlösekompetenzen. Neben der regelmäßigen Kontrolle von Gewicht, Blutdruck, Nüchternblutzucker, HbA1c und Lipide müssen die Risikofaktoren bzw. die Depression gegebenenfalls ergänzend medikamentös behandelt werden. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen bestehen gute Aussichten, neben dem Blutzuckerhaushalt, dem Bluthochdruck und der Adipositas auch die funktionellen Einschränkungen und das individuelle Wohlbefinden nachhaltig günstig zu beeinflussen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Löwe
- Klinik für Psychosomatische und Allgemeine Klinische Medizin, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg.
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Nikendei C, Schilling T, Nawroth P, Hensel M, Ho AD, Schwenger V, Zeier M, Herzog W, Schellberg D, Katus HA, Dengler T, Stremmel W, Müller M, Jünger J. Integriertes Skills-Lab-Konzept für die studentische Ausbildung in der Inneren Medizin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2005; 130:1133-8. [PMID: 15856395 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-866799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE An amendment to the German medical curriculum in April 2002 will place basic practical skills at the centre of medical training. We report here on the implementation and evaluation of an obligatory, tutor-guided, and integrated skills laboratory concept in the field of internal medicine. METHODS To test the effectiveness of a skills laboratory training on OSCE performance a pilot study was carried out. The experimental group, of 77 students, participated in seven sessions of communication training, skills laboratory training, and bedside teaching, each lasting one and a half hours. The control group of 66 students had as many sessions but was only offered bedside-teaching. The evaluation of acceptance of skills' training as well as the related increase in individual competence is on-going (summer term 2004: n = 176 students). RESULTS The integrated skills laboratory concept was rated at 3.5 (SD = 1.2) on a 5-point scale and was acknowledged as practice-oriented (M = 4.2; SD = 1.0) and relevant for doctors' everyday lives (M = 3.6; SD = 1.1). Increased levels of competence according to individual self-evaluations proved to be highly significant (p<.001), and results of the pilot study showed that the experimental group had a significantly better OSCE performance than the control group (p<.001). CONCLUSION This pilot study shows that curriculum changes promoting basic clinical skills are effective and lead to an improved practical education of tomorrow's physicians. The integrated skills laboratory concept is well accepted and leads to a relevant increase in competence in the practice of internal medical. The presented skills laboratory concept in internal medicine is proving to be a viable and efficient learning tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Klinische und Psychosomatische Medizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
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Nikendei C, Zeuch A, Dieckmann P, Roth C, Schäfer S, Völkl M, Schellberg D, Herzog W, Jünger J. Role-playing for more realistic technical skills training. Med Teach 2005; 27:122-6. [PMID: 16019330 DOI: 10.1080/01421590400019484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical skills are an important and necessary part of clinical competence. Simulation plays an important role in many fields of medical education. Although role-playing is common in communication training, there are no reports about the use of student role-plays in the training of technical clinical skills. This article describes an educational intervention with analysis of pre- and post-intervention self-selected student survey evaluations. After one term of skills training, a thorough evaluation showed that the skills-lab training did not seem very realistic nor was it very demanding for trainees. To create a more realistic training situation and to enhance students' involvement, case studies and role-plays with defined roles for students (i.e. intern, senior consultant) were introduced into half of the sessions. Results of the evaluation in the second term showed that sessions with role-playing were rated significantly higher than sessions without role-playing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Germany.
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Nikendei C, Schild S, Voelkl M, Herzog W, Zipfel S. Anorexia nervosa: Self-assessment essstörungsrelevanter Bild- und Wortstimuli. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-863529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nikendei C, Voelkl M, Dengler W, Wiedemann G, Pauli P. Depressive Verstimmung und Schmerz: Ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale bei der Präsentation von schmerzassoziiertem Wortmaterial. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-863528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nikendei C, Faber R, Völkl M, Wilke S, Herzog W, Zipfel S. www.anorexia-nervosa.de–Evaluation eines internetbasierten Therapieführers für Essstörungen. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nikendei C, Faber R, Völkl M, Wilke S, Herzog W, Zipfel S. www.anorexia-nervosa.de–Evaluation eines internetbasierten Therapieführers für Essstörungen. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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