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Aceituno D, Razzouk D, Jin H, Pennington M, Gadelha A, Bressan R, Noto C, Crossley N, Prina M. Cost-effectiveness of early intervention in psychosis in low- and middle-income countries: economic evaluation from São Paulo, Brazil. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e21. [PMID: 38576239 PMCID: PMC11022262 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of early intervention for psychosis (EIP) services are well established in high-income countries but not in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the scarcity of local evidence, several EIP services have been implemented in LMICs. Local evaluations are warranted before adopting speciality models of care in LMICs. We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of implementing EIP services in Brazil. METHODS A model-based economic evaluation of EIP services was conducted from the Brazilian healthcare system perspective. A Markov model was developed using a cohort study conducted in São Paulo. Cost data were retrieved from local sources. The outcome of interest was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) measured as the incremental costs over the incremental quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS The study included 357 participants (38% female), with a mean (SD) age of 26 (7.38) years. According to the model, implementing EIP services in Brazil would result in a mean incremental cost of 4,478 Brazilian reals (R$) and a mean incremental benefit of 0.29 QALYs. The resulting ICER of R$ 15,495 (US dollar [USD] 7,640 adjusted for purchase power parity [PPP]) per QALY can be considered cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 1 Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (R$ 18,254; USD 9,000 PPP adjusted). The model results were robust to sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the economic advantages of implementing EIP services in Brazil. Although cultural adaptations are required, these data suggest EIP services might be cost-effective even in less-resourced countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Aceituno
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- King’s Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, David Goldberg Centre, London, UK
- Mental Health Service, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Rio, Puente Alto, Chile
| | - D. Razzouk
- Centre of Mental Health Economics, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H. Jin
- King’s Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, David Goldberg Centre, London, UK
| | - M. Pennington
- King’s Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, David Goldberg Centre, London, UK
| | - A. Gadelha
- Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Bressan
- Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. Noto
- Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N. Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Prina
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Zara D, Pastò B, Garutti M, Bartoletti M, Palmero L, Bertoli E, Noto C, Cucciniello L, Totaro F, Rizzetto M, Pivetta T, Membrino A, Freschi A, Bolzonello S, Puglisi F. 800P Number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) to estimate clinical efficacy and safety of new adjuvant (Adj) therapies for resected stage (St) II-III melanoma. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Palmero L, Siciliano M, Di Nardo P, Basile D, Cucciniello L, Pastò B, Lisanti C, Membrino A, Noto C, Spazzapan S, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. 242P Investigating the risk of drug-induced interstitial lung disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with antiHER2 regimens through a network meta-analysis approach. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mazzeo R, Pastò B, Basile D, Bortot L, Cucciniello L, Dri A, Noto C, Buriolla S, Palmero L, Membrino A, Bonotto M, Lisanti C, Russo S, Minisini A, Fasola G, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. 226P Exploring the impact of first-line therapies on the metastatic behavior of luminal-like metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Boccaccino A, Borelli B, Intini R, Antista M, Bensi M, Rossini D, Passardi A, Tamberi S, Giampieri R, Antonuzzo L, Noto L, Roviello G, Zichi C, Salati M, Puccini A, Noto C, Parisi A, Rihawi K, Persano M, Crespi V, Libertini M, Giordano M, Moretto R, Lonardi S, Cremolini C. Encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib in patients with BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: real-life data from an Italian multicenter experience. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100506. [PMID: 35696748 PMCID: PMC9271503 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib showed increased objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy plus anti-EGFR in previously treated patients with BRAF V600E-mutated (mut) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although no formal comparison was planned, addition of binimetinib to encorafenib plus cetuximab did not provide significant efficacy advantage. Patients and methods This real-life study was aimed at evaluating safety, activity, and efficacy of encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib in patients with BRAF V600E-mut mCRC treated at 21 Italian centers within a nominal use program launched in May 2019. Results Out of 133 patients included, 97 (73%) received encorafenib plus cetuximab (targeted doublet) and 36 (27%) the same therapy plus binimetinib (targeted triplet). Most patients had Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) of 0 or 1 (86%), right-sided primary tumor (69%), and synchronous disease (66%). Twenty (15%) tumors were DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI)-high. As many as 44 (34%) patients had received two or more prior lines of therapy, 122 (92%) were previously exposed to oxaliplatin, and 109 (82%) to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). Most frequent adverse events were asthenia (62%) and anti-EGFR-related skin rash (52%). Any grade nausea (P = 0.03), vomiting (P = 0.04), and diarrhea (P = 0.07) were more frequent with the triplet therapy, while melanocytic nevi were less common (P = 0.06). Overall, ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 23% and 69%, respectively, with numerically higher rates in the triplet group (ORR 31% versus 17%, P = 0.12; DCR 78% versus 65%, P = 0.23). Median PFS and OS were 4.5 and 7.2 months, respectively. Worse ECOG-PS, peritoneal metastases, and more than one prior treatment were independent poor prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Clonality of BRAF mutation measured as adjusted mutant allele fraction in tumor tissue was not associated with clinical outcome. Conclusions Our real-life data are consistent with those from the BEACON trial in terms of safety, activity, and efficacy. Patients in good general condition and not heavily pretreated are those more likely to derive benefit from the targeted treatment. Encorafenib plus cetuximab ± binimetinib is safe and effective for BRAF V600E mut mCRC even in the real-world setting. Median OS is slightly shorter than in the BEACON trial, probably due to less selected patients in real life. Patients deriving more benefit from targeted therapy are likely those in good general conditions and not heavily pretreated. BRAF adjusted MAF is worth further investigation to better characterize the genomic heterogeneity of BRAF V600E mut mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boccaccino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Borelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Intini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCSP, Padova, Italy
| | - M Antista
- Medical Oncology Department, ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - M Bensi
- Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - D Rossini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - S Tamberi
- UOC Oncologia Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - R Giampieri
- Clinica Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Noto
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Policlinico "G.Rodolico" AOU Policlinico - San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | - G Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Zichi
- Oncologia Medica, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano - Umberto I, Torino, Italy
| | - M Salati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy; PhD Program Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Puccini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - C Noto
- Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Area Medica, Udine, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Dipartimento di Oncologia medica, Udine, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Medical Oncology, St. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - K Rihawi
- IRCSS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Persano
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V Crespi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - M Libertini
- Oncology Unit, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Giordano
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - C Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Bortot L, Basile D, Targato G, Zara D, Palmero L, Alberti M, Buriolla S, Noto C, Pascoletti G, Poletto E, Andreetta C, Russo S, Mansutti M, Gerratana L, Bonotto M, Fasola G, Puglisi F, Minisini A. 295P Clinical characterization and outcome of a HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (mBC) cohort receiving first-line treatment (1L) with ET +/- CDK 4/6 inhibitor (CDKi). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Garattini S, Minisini A, Valent F, Riosa C, Zara D, Giavarra M, Corvaja C, Palmero L, Noto C, Fasola G. 1613P_PR An estimate of the 2-year oncology workload generated by each new patient: A real-world study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Diamanti A, Noto C, Magistrelli A, Perotti G, Panetta F, Diomedi-Camassei F, Inserra A. Association between gastroesophageal reflux and endobronchial carcinoid: a case report. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59:186-8. [PMID: 21480146 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Children with neurological disorders may suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Typical symptoms are vomiting, regurgitation and hematemesis. Patients present with respiratory symptoms only in cases with swallowing disorders causing chronic airway aspiration. We report the case of a patient affected by chromosome 8 p deletion syndrome with mental retardation, referred to our unit for suspected GERD. Chest X-ray, performed at admission for coexisting respiratory complaints, showed left lower lobe pneumonia; esophageal pH monitoring and upper endoscopy were normal for GERD. To rule out chronic airway aspiration, gastroesophageal 99 mTc scintigraphy with lung scan 18 to 24 h after a test meal and video fluoroscopy swallowing study were performed, both negative. Two months later, a second episode of left lower lobe pneumonia occurred. A chest CT scan was performed and showed an endobronchial mass; the biopsy taken during the broncoscopy was not conclusive. Surgical excision resulted in a diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoid. Bronchial carcinoids, although rare, should be taken into consideration as a potential cause of recurrent pneumonia even in the presence of demonstrated GERD where severe respiratory infections only occur with coexisting chronic pulmonary aspiration, even in neurologically impaired people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diamanti
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Diamanti A, Basso MS, Gambarara M, Papadatou B, Bracci F, Noto C, Castro M. Positive impact of blocking tumor necrosis factor alpha on the nutritional status in pediatric Crohn's disease patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24:19-25. [PMID: 18797887 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-008-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNFalpha seems to contribute to inflammation and malnutrition in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. In CD patients, the comparative effects on nutritional status of infliximab and traditional therapy have not yet been determined. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of infliximab as compared with those of standard therapy on nutritional status, disease activity, resting energy expenditure (REE), and food intake in CD children and adolescents. METHODS From September 1999 to September 2005, all CD patients treated with infliximab (group A) were reviewed and matched with CD patients treated with traditional therapy (mesalazine and azathioprine) (group B). RESULTS Fourteen CD patients from group A and 14 from group B were included; median interval before follow-up investigation was 10 months. Baseline and final values of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pediatric CD activity index (pCDAI), REE, and food intake were studied. In treated patients, but not in control group, mean baseline weight (kg) and BMI values, 39.7 +/- 13.1 and 17.9 +/- 3.3, respectively, were significantly lower than their final values 42.6 +/- 13.2 and 18.9 +/- 3.1, and median pCDAI values 23.5 were significantly higher than their final values 10 (P < 0.05). Significant changes in height, REE, and food intake were not found in either group. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric CD patients, infliximab seems to impact positively on the nutritional status as demonstrated by the improvement in weight and BMI, but not in linear growth; effects on nutritional status seem to be due to amelioration of disease activity, rather than to REE reduction or food intake increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diamanti
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4-00165, Rome, Italy.
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Diamanti A, Noto C, Basso MS, Papadatou B, Bracci F, Castro M. Efficacy and safety of intravenous neridronate in pediatric bone loss associated to Crohn's disease: a case report. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:165. [PMID: 19327248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Diamanti A, Basso MS, Castro M, Bianco G, Ciacco E, Calce A, Caramadre AM, Noto C, Gambarara M. Clinical efficacy and safety of parenteral nutrition in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health 2008; 42:111-8. [PMID: 18207088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a common chronic disorder characterized by severe malnutrition and psychological disturbances. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is not usually used in nutritional rehabilitation of AN. The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the indications, clinical efficacy, and safety of PN as assessed by short- and long-term outcomes in AN inpatient girls. METHODS During the last 10 years a total of 198 inpatients were included in our study: 104 (53%) received oral and parenteral refeeding (group A) and 94 (47%) oral refeeding alone (group B). For each nutritional treatment, clinical efficacy was evaluated by short- and long-term outcomes, and safety was assessed by complication rate. RESULTS Short-term outcome assessment indicated weekly weight gain and maximum caloric intake to be higher in PN-treated patients. Long-term outcome evaluation showed rehospitalization and recovery rate to be similar in the two groups, but failure of first nutritional rehabilitation requiring PN significantly greater in group B (17.5%) than in group A (3%) (p = .01). The number of complications was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p = .004), although all complications resolved. CONCLUSION Among all nutritional rehabilitation strategies, PN offers an alternative and safe way to successfully treat AN patients. Presence of clinical complications and reduced compliance with individual, group, and family therapy seem to be the main indications for PN, as it promptly improves nutritional status. At pediatric and adolescent ages, psychological disturbances can also contraindicate the use of enteral nutrition, and therefore represent an additional indication for PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diamanti
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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Valentini D, Cappelli C, Mizzoni F, Noto C, Toscano D, Foco M, Trasimeni G. [Erdheim-Chester disease: a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A clinical-case and review of the literature]. Clin Ter 2004; 155:205-8. [PMID: 15344569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We make a retrospective evaluation of clinical and radiologic features, treatment, and outcome of Erdheim-Chester disease, a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We report a case of Erdheim-Chester disease and review 60 cases from the literature. These cases are consider to have Erdheim-Chester disease when they have either typical bone radiographs (symmetrical long bones osteosclerosis) and/or histologic criteria disclosing histiocytic infiltration with distinctive immunohistochemical phenotype of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytes with positive staining for CD68 and negative staining for S-100 protein and CD1a. Our patient undergoes chemiotherapy according to the LCH-II stratification and therapy plan (Vinblastine, Etoposide and Prednisone) and thereafter receives Carboplatin and Etoposide, and Somatostatin. She is alive and clinically well 33 months after onset of symptoms and the lesions don't appear to progress at imaging examinations. In conclusion, Erdheim-Chester disease may be confused with Langerhans cell histiocytosis as it sometimes shares the same clinical (exophthalmos, diabetes insipidus) or radiologic (osteolytic lesions) findings. However, the characteristics radiological pattern of Erdheim-Chester disease together the immunohistochemical phenotype of hystiocytic infiltration supports the theory that Erdheim-Chester disease is a unique disease entity distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Valentini
- Servizio di Oncologia Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italia.
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Abstract
The brain maintains saccade accuracy by modifying saccades that are consistently inaccurate (e.g. hypermetric). To determine whether this adaptation is influenced by the visual background we used several different target and background movements to elicit changes in saccade gain. In almost all cases, the target spot drove gain changes. The background had no effect on, or slightly reduced, adaptation. We conclude that the saccade adaptation mechanism is driven almost entirely by stimuli on or near the fovea and is affected very little by visual stimuli falling more peripherally.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Robinson
- Department of Biological Structure and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA.
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Noto C. [Study on the pre-psychopathic character of manic-depressive psychosis and the function of the diencephalon]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1968; 70:723-36. [PMID: 5749984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Noto C, Kamoya M, Hoshi J, Aoki K. [Xeroderma pigmentosum complicated with brain symptoms]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1967; 69:539-44. [PMID: 5625388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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