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Alam MM, Marin Fermin J, Spiller PT, Burnett C, Rong X, Moore-Medlin T, Maxwell CO, Khandelwal AR, Nathan CAO. Rapalogs induce non-apoptotic, autophagy-dependent cell death in HPV-negative TP53 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:33-44. [PMID: 34598317 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC have the worst prognosis, necessitating additional agents for treatment. Since mutant p53 causes sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, we investigated the effect of rapalogs RAD001 and CCI-779 on HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC cell lines and xenografts. Rapalogs significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation. Interestingly, rapalogs-induced autophagy with no effect on apoptosis. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and ULK-101 rescued the cell viability by inhibiting rapalog-induced autophagy, suggesting that both RAD001 and CCI-779 induce non-apoptotic autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD). Moreover, rapalogs upregulated the levels of ULK1 and pULK1 S555 with concomitant downregulation of the mTORC1 pathway. However, pretreatment of cells with rapalogs prevented the ULK-101-mediated inhibition of ULK1 to sustained autophagy, suggesting that rapalogs induce ADCD through the activation of ULK1. To further translate our in vitro studies, we investigated the effect of RAD001 in HPV-negative mutTP53 (HN31 and FaDu) tumor cell xenograft model in nude mice. Mice treated with RAD001 exhibited a significant tumor volume reduction without induction of apoptosis, and with a concomitant increase in autophagy. Further, treatment with RAD001 was associated with a considerable increase in pULK1 S555 and ULK1 levels through the inhibition of mTORC1. 3-MA reversed the effect of RAD001 on FaDu tumor growth suggesting that RAD001 promotes ACDC in HPV-negative mutTP53 xenograft. This is the first report demonstrating that rapalogs promote non-apoptotic ADCD in HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC via the ULK1 pathway. Further studies are required to establish the promising role of rapalogs in preventing the regrowth of HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maksudul Alam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Janmaris Marin Fermin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patrick T Spiller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chaning Burnett
- School of Medicine, LSU-Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaohua Rong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tara Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caden O Maxwell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cherie-Ann O Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Samson HH, Maxwell CO, Doyle TF. The relation of initial alcohol experiences to current alcohol consumption in a college population. J Stud Alcohol 1989; 50:254-60. [PMID: 2724973 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1989.50.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Male and female undergraduate college students were surveyed to examine whether age and circumstances of initial taste and intoxication experiences with alcohol would be predictive of current alcohol usage. Age of initiation, nature of the experience (pleasant vs unpleasant), social setting and type of beverage were examined. Only age of initial experience was found to be minimally predictive of subsequent heavier alcohol use. The negative effects of early experiences with alcohol were predictive for abstinence in both sexes, but did not differentiate between moderate and heavy alcohol users in either.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Samson
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle 98105
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