Comparison of the reproducibility of EMG signals recorded from human masseter and lateral pterygoid muscles

EMG recordings of the left and right masseter and lateral pterygoid muscles were repeated three times in 15 young adults to test the reproducibility of the signals. Two tests were made on the same day (morning and afternoon) and one test three days later (morning). Needle and hook electrodes were used for the masseter muscle and needle electrodes for the lateral pterygoid muscle. The superficial areas of recording were tattooed on the skin. An intra-oral approach was selected for the lateral pterygoid muscle. The subjects were asked to perform three definite tasks for the masseter muscle (intercuspid occlusion, maximum protrusion, and centric relation with a bite opening of 3mm) and two for the pterygoid muscle (maximum opening and maximum protrusion). The EMG signals were directly integrated, and root mean squares of the AC components were computed. The selection of the signals to discard possible artefacts was performed by displaying EMG and RMS outputs on a six-channel UV oscillograph. The selected RMS values were submitted to different analyses of variance to define additive and non-additive models of effects. The results may be summarized as follows: The between-day sessions showed more variation than the within-day sessions. The variations related to the method accounted for a very high percentage of the total variance (48.9%). The recordings with needle electrodes displayed a large percentage of the individual variation (masseter, 31.2%; lateral pterygoid muscle, 65.9%) and significantly lower values for the variations related to the session or the side of recording. The one-side recordings were more suitable for distinguishing the biological variations than were the bilateral ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Seaweed and yeast extracts as sustainable phytostimulant to boost secondary metabolism of apricot fruits

In our study, we investigated the effects of Expando, a commercial biostimulant derived from seaweed and yeast extracts, on the secondary metabolism of Lady cot and Orange prima apricot cultivars. Notably, treatments with or 5.0 L/ha of Expando improved fruit uniformity and harvests synchronization, providing agronomic benefits. Expando positively influenced the biosynthesis of essential bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins in both apricot pulp and peel, as validated by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. These metabolic enhancements translated into significantly increased total antioxidant activity, particularly evident in the peel samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed distinct effects of the 5.0 and 4.0 L/ha treatments, distinguishing them from lower doses and the control group. Our findings emphasize the potential of Expando to enhance the phytochemical profile of apricot fruits, positioning biostimulants as pivotal tools for improving fruit quality and sustainability in agriculture. Expando offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to enhancing crop yield and nutritional value, representing a significant step towards more resilient and environmentally conscious farming practices. Further research is needed to explore its broader implications and optimize application strategies for commercial orchards.