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Marciano S, Gutierrez-Acevedo MN, Barbero S, Del C Notari L, Agozino M, Fernandez JL, Anders MM, Grigera N, Antinucci F, Orozco Ganem OF, Murga MD, Perez D, Palazzo A, Martinez Rejtman L, Duarte IG, Vorobioff J, Trevizan V, Bulaty S, Bessone F, Valverde M, Elizondo M, Bosia JD, Borzi SM, Stieben TE, Masola A, Ferretti SE, Arufe D, Demirdjian E, Raffa MP, Peralta M, Fainboim HA, Vazquez CE, Ruiz P, Martínez JE, Heffner LA, Odzak A, Dirchwolf M, Smud A, Mendizabal M, Bellizzi C, Martinez A, Tomatis J, Bruno A, Ramos A, Pages J, Tevez S, Gadano AC, Giunta DH. Norfloxacin prophylaxis effect on multidrug resistance in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:481-491. [PMID: 36820931 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether norfloxacin predisposes to infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). We aimed to evaluate if patients with cirrhosis receiving norfloxacin prophylaxis at the time of the diagnosis of bacterial infections were more likely to present a multidrug-resistant isolate than those without prophylaxis. This is a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections from Argentina and Uruguay (NCT03919032) from September 2018 to December 2020. The outcome variable was a multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of norfloxacin on infection caused by MDROs considering potential confounders. Among the 472 patients from 28 centers, 53 (11%) were receiving norfloxacin at the time of the bacterial infection. Patients receiving norfloxacin had higher MELD-sodium, were more likely to have ascites or encephalopathy, to receive rifaximin, beta-blockers, and proton-pump inhibitors, to have a nosocomial or health-care-associated infection, prior bacterial infections, admissions to critical care units or invasive procedures, and to be admitted in a liver transplant center. In addition, we found that 13 (24.5%) patients with norfloxacin and 90 (21.5%) of those not receiving it presented infections caused by MDROs (adjusted OR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.60-4.03; p = 0.360). The use of norfloxacin prophylaxis at the time of the diagnosis of bacterial infections was not associated with multidrug resistance. These results help empiric antibiotic selection and reassure the current indication of norfloxacin prophylaxis in well-selected patients.Study registration number: NCT03919032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Marciano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Sabrina Barbero
- Liver Unit, Hospital Churruca Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Grigera
- Liver Unit, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Maria D Murga
- Liver Unit, Hospital A.C. Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniela Perez
- Liver Unit, Hospital A.C. Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana Palazzo
- Liver Unit, Hospital A.C. Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Ivonne G Duarte
- P. R. Liver Unit, Hospital 4 de Junio, Sáenz Peña, Argentina
| | - Julio Vorobioff
- Liver Unit, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Sofía Bulaty
- Liver Unit, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando Bessone
- Liver Unit, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Valverde
- Liver Unit, Unidad Bi-Institucional de Trasplante Hepatico, Hospital de Clínicas - Hospital Militar, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Elizondo
- Liver Unit, Unidad Bi-Institucional de Trasplante Hepatico, Hospital de Clínicas - Hospital Militar, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego Arufe
- Liver Unit, Sanatorio Sagrado Corazón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria P Raffa
- Liver Unit, Sanatorio Sagrado Corazón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Cintia E Vazquez
- Liver Unit, Regional Hospital of Rio Gallegos, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ruiz
- Liver Unit, Regional Hospital of Rio Gallegos, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | | | | | - Andrea Odzak
- Liver Unit, Hospital Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Astrid Smud
- Infectious Diseases Section, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ana Martinez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Tomatis
- Liver Unit, Hospital Privado de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Andres Bruno
- Liver Unit, Hospital Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agñel Ramos
- Liver Unit, Sanatorio Parque, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Josefina Pages
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Silvina Tevez
- Liver Unit, Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian C Gadano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H Giunta
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marciano S, Dirchwolf M, Torres MC, Allevato J, García Dans C, García B, Pollarsky F, Gaite L, Sirotinsky E, Rios B, Anselmo MN, Peche M, Hurtado E, Haddad L, Narvaez A, Mauro E, Martinez A, Bellizzi C, Ratusnu N, D'Amico C, Arora S, Gadano A. Fibrosis assessment in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Adherence to proposed algorithms and barriers to complying with them. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2021; 87:4-12. [PMID: 34690105 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Fibrosis staging in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is carried out through the application of stepwise algorithms but there is little real-world data on their use. Our aim was to calculate the number of patients with NAFLD and indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, assessed through noninvasive scores, that consequently underwent further staging evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional multicenter cohort study was conducted on patients with NAFLD evaluated by hepatologists within the time frame of June 1 and July 31, 2018. The FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores were calculated in all the patients, and if at least one of the scores suggested indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, we believed the patient should have undergone additional fibrosis staging assessment. RESULTS The study included 238 patients. The median time interval from NAFLD diagnosis and inclusion in the analysis was 12.2 months (IQR 3.0-36.5). A total of 128 (54%) patients had at least one noninvasive score that suggested indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis but studies to confirm the fibrosis grade (elastography, biopsy, etc.) were performed on only 72 (56%). The main barriers encountered by the physicians for applying the staging algorithms were related to health insurance coverage and imaging study costs. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of patients with NAFLD were at indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, according to noninvasive scores, but additional studies were carried out on only half of them, showing low adherence to current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marciano
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Dirchwolf
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Privado de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M C Torres
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Allevato
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento para Enfermedades Hepáticas de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - C García Dans
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Zonal Bariloche Dr. Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - B García
- Sección Hepatología, Centro de Estudios Digestivos de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - F Pollarsky
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Gaite
- Sección Hepatología, Clínica de Nefrología, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Sirotinsky
- Centro de Estudios Digestivos, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - B Rios
- Hepatología, Centro de Investigación, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - M N Anselmo
- Sección Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Zonal Esquel, Esquel, Argentina
| | - M Peche
- Hospital López Lima Gral Roca, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - E Hurtado
- Hospital Municipal Coronel Suárez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Haddad
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Narvaez
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Mauro
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Martinez
- Sección Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Bellizzi
- Sección Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Ratusnu
- Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - C D'Amico
- Hepatología, CEMA - Centro de Especialidades Médicas Ambulatoria, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - S Arora
- Project ECHO, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - A Gadano
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marciano S, Dirchwolf M, Torres MC, Allevato J, García Dans C, García B, Pollarsky F, Gaite L, Sirotinsky E, Rios B, Anselmo MN, Peche M, Hurtado E, Haddad L, Narvaez A, Mauro E, Martinez A, Bellizzi C, Ratusnu N, D Amico C, Arora S, Gadano A. Fibrosis assessment in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Adherence to proposed algorithms and barriers to complying with them. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2021; 87:S0375-0906(21)00015-X. [PMID: 33773856 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Fibrosis staging in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is carried out through the application of stepwise algorithms but there is little real-world data on their use. Our aim was to calculate the number of patients with NAFLD and indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, assessed through noninvasive scores, that consequently underwent further staging evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional multicenter cohort study was conducted on patients with NAFLD evaluated by hepatologists within the time frame of June 1 and July 31, 2018. The FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores were calculated in all the patients, and if at least one of the scores suggested indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, we believed the patient should have undergone additional fibrosis staging assessment. RESULTS The study included 238 patients. The median time interval from NAFLD diagnosis and inclusion in the analysis was 12.2months (IQR 3.0-36.5). A total of 128 (54%) patients had at least one noninvasive score that suggested indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis but studies to confirm the fibrosis grade (elastography, biopsy, etc.) were performed on only 72 (56%). The main barriers encountered by the physicians for applying the staging algorithms were related to health insurance coverage and imaging study costs. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of patients with NAFLD were at indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, according to noninvasive scores, but additional studies were carried out on only half of them, showing low adherence to current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marciano
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Dirchwolf
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Privado de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M C Torres
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Allevato
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento para Enfermedades Hepáticas de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - C García Dans
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Zonal Bariloche Dr. Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - B García
- Sección Hepatología, Centro de Estudios Digestivos de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - F Pollarsky
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Gaite
- Sección Hepatología, Clínica de Nefrología, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Sirotinsky
- Centro de Estudios Digestivos, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - B Rios
- Hepatología, Centro de Investigación, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - M N Anselmo
- Sección Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Zonal Esquel, Esquel, Argentina
| | - M Peche
- Hospital López Lima Gral Roca, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - E Hurtado
- Hospital Municipal Coronel Suárez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Haddad
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Narvaez
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Mauro
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Martinez
- Sección Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Bellizzi
- Sección Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Ratusnu
- Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - C D Amico
- Hepatología, CEMA - Centro de Especialidades Médicas Ambulatoria, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - S Arora
- Project ECHO, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Estados Unidos de América
| | - A Gadano
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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