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The Third-Generation Sequencing Challenge: Novel Insights for the Omic Sciences. Biomolecules 2024; 14:568. [PMID: 38785975 PMCID: PMC11117673 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the human genome has been greatly improved by the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS). Despite the undeniable advantages responsible for their widespread diffusion, these methods have some constraints, mainly related to short read length and the need for PCR amplification. As a consequence, long-read sequencers, called third-generation sequencing (TGS), have been developed, promising to overcome NGS. Starting from the first prototype, TGS has progressively ameliorated its chemistries by improving both read length and base-calling accuracy, as well as simultaneously reducing the costs/base. Based on these premises, TGS is showing its potential in many fields, including the analysis of difficult-to-sequence genomic regions, structural variations detection, RNA expression profiling, DNA methylation study, and metagenomic analyses. Protocol standardization and the development of easy-to-use pipelines for data analysis will enhance TGS use, also opening the way for their routine applications in diagnostic contexts.
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The Potential Usefulness of the Expanded Carrier Screening to Identify Hereditary Genetic Diseases: A Case Report from Real-World Data. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1651. [PMID: 37628702 PMCID: PMC10454493 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanded carrier screening (ECS) means a comprehensive genetic analysis to evaluate an individual's carrier status. ECS is becoming more frequently used, thanks to the availability of techniques such as next generation sequencing (NGS) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), allowing for extensive genome-scale analyses. Here, we report the case of a couple who underwent ECS for a case of autism spectrum disorder in the male partner family. aCGH and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed in the couple. aCGH analysis identified in the female partner two deletions involving genes associated to behavioral and neurodevelopment disorders. No clinically relevant alterations were identified in the husband. Interestingly, WES analysis identified in the male partner a pathogenic variant in the LPL gene that is emerging as a novel candidate gene for autism. This case shows that ECS may be useful in clinical contexts, especially when both the partners are analyzed before conception, thus allowing the estimation of their risk to transmit an inherited condition. On the other side, there are several concerns related to possible incidental findings and difficult-to-interpret results. Once these limits are defined by the establishment of specific guidelines, ECS may have a greater diffusion.
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Integrated Approach to Highlighting the Molecular Bases of a Deep Vein Thrombosis Event in an Elite Basketball Athlete. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12256. [PMID: 37569632 PMCID: PMC10419060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or intense exercise can result in metabolic imbalances, muscle injuries, or reveal hidden disorders. Laboratory medicine in sports is playing an increasingly crucial role in monitoring athletes' health conditions. In this study, we designed an integrated approach to explore the causes of a deep venous thrombosis event in an elite basketball player. Since the complete blood count revealed a marked platelet count (838 × 103 µL), and thrombophilia screening tests did not reveal any significant alteration, we evaluated the thrombin generation, which highlights a state of hypercoagulability. First-level haemostasis exams showed only a slight prolongation of the activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Thus, screening tests for von Willebrand Disease showed a reduction in vWF parameters. Therefore, we directed our hypothesis towards a diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand disease secondary to Essential Thrombocythemia (ET). To confirm this hypothesis and highlight the molecular mechanism underlying the observed phenotype, molecular tests were performed to evaluate the presence of the most common mutations associated with ET, revealing a 52-bp deletion in the coding region of CALR exon 9. This case report highlights the importance of an integrated approach to monitoring the athletes' health status to personalise training and treatments, thus avoiding the appearance of diseases and injuries that, if underestimated, can undermine the athlete's life.
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Whole-genome sequencing analysis of highly prevalent Salmonella serovars in wild boars from a national park in Sardinia. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas ssp. strains isolated from Sparus aurata reared in Italian mariculture farms. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 284:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Relevance of arginine residues in Cu(II)-induced DNA breakage and Proteinase K resistance of H1 histones. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7414. [PMID: 29743544 PMCID: PMC5943286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the involvement of arginines in copper/H2O2-induced DNA breakage. Copper is a highly redox active metal which has been demonstrated to form compounds with arginines. For this aim we used mixtures of pGEM3 DNA plasmid and two types of H1 histones which differ only in their arginine content. The sperm H1 histone from the annelid worm Chaetopterus variopedatus (arginine content 12.6 mol% K/R ratio 2) and the somatic H1 histone from calf thymus (arginine content 1.8 mol% and K/R ratio 15). Copper/H2O2-induced DNA breakage was observed only in presence of sperm H1 histones, but it was more relevant for the native molecule than for the deguanidinated derivative (K/R ratio 14), in which 80% of arginine residues were converted to ornithine. Further, copper induced proteinase K resistance and increase of DNA binding affinity on native sperm H1 histones. These observations are consistent with a copper induced reorganization of the side-chains of arginine residues. Copper, instead, did not affect DNA binding affinity of somatic and deguanidinated H1 histones, which show similar K/R ratio and DNA binding mode. These results indicate that arginine residues could affect these H1 histones properties and provide new insights into copper toxicity mechanisms.
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Use of Carnobacterium spp protective culture in MAP packed Ricotta fresca cheese to control Pseudomonas spp. Food Microbiol 2018; 74:50-56. [PMID: 29706337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ricotta fresca is a whey cheese susceptible of secondary contamination, mainly from Pseudomonas spp. The extension of the shelf life of refrigerated ricotta fresca could be obtained using protective cultures inhibiting the growth of this spoilage microorganism. A commercial biopreservative, Lyofast CNBAL, comprising Carnobacterium spp was tested against Pseudomonas spp. The surface of ricotta fresca samples were inoculated either with Pseudomonas spp or Pseudomonas and Carnobacterium spp. Samples were MAP packed, stored at 4 °C and analyzed the day of the inoculum and 7, 14 and 21 days after the contamination. Microbiological analyses included total bacterial count, mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp, Listeria monocytogenes, moulds and yeasts. Pseudomonas mean initial contamination level was comparable in blank and artificially inoculated samples, respectively with values of 2.15 ± 0.21 and 2.34 ± 0.26 log cfu g-1. Carnobacterium spp. significantly reduced the growth of Pseudomonas spp respectively of 1.28 log and 0.83 log after 14 and 21 days of refrigerated storage. Intrinsic properties and physico-chemical composition were also investigated. Limited variation of pH was observed in samples inoculated with the protective cultures, indicating low acidification properties of Carnobacterium spp. Instead, no significant differences were observed for aW, moisture, fat and proteins during storage and between inoculated and control samples.
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Testing commercial biopreservative against spoilage microorganisms in MAP packed Ricotta fresca cheese. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:72-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Comparison of post-lethality thermal treatment conditions on the reduction of Listeria monocytogenes and sensory properties of vacuum packed ricotta salata cheese. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Evaluation of a post-lethality treatment against Listeria monocytogenes on Ricotta salata cheese. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS IN RAW SHEEP MILK CHEESE AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC PROFILE. Ital J Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2012.4.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Levels and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sheep milk from an industrialised area of Sardinia, Italy. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1413-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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PCDDs, PCDFs AND DIOXIN-LIKE PCBs IN SHEEP MILK IN SARDINIA. Ital J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2011.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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PREVALENCE AND IDENTIFICATION OF VIBRIO SPP. ISOLATED ON AQUACULTURED GILTHEAD SEA BREAM. Ital J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2011.1s.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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DETECTION OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN BULK-TANK MILK AND SHEEP CHEESE. Ital J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2011.1s.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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PROPOSAL OF SANITARY MANAGEMENT OF EDIBLE ECHINODERMS IN SARDINIA. Ital J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2011.1s.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM A TRADITIONAL PASTA FILATA CHEESE. Ital J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2010.8.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Toxin gene pattern in Bacillus cereus group strains isolated from sheep ricotta cheese. Vet Res Commun 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S323-6. [PMID: 18685978 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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The pattern of toxin genes and expression of diarrheal enterotoxins in Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from commercial bioinsecticides. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33 Suppl 1:257-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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21
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CHARACTERIZATION OF “SA PANEDDA” TRADITIONAL PASTA FILATA CHEESE OF MONTE ACUTO. Ital J Food Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2008.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Hb Foggia or 117(GH5)Phe -> Ser : a new 2 globin allele affecting the Hb-AHSP interaction. Haematologica 2008; 93:141-2. [DOI: 10.3324/haematol.11789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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24
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Multiplex PCR for the Identification and Serotyping of L. monocytogenes Isolated from Sheep Cheese-Processing Plants. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31 Suppl 1:359-63. [PMID: 17682914 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that iron is released in a free (desferrioxamine-chelatable) form when erythrocytes undergo oxidative stress (incubation with oxidizing agents or aerobic incubation in buffer for 24-60 h (a model of rapid in vitro ageing)). The release is accompanied by oxidative alterations of membrane proteins as well as by the appearance of senescent antigen, a signal for termination of old erythrocytes. In hemolytic anemias by hereditary hemoglobin alterations an accelerated removal of erythrocytes occurs. An increased susceptibility to oxidative damage has been reported in beta-thalassemic erythrocytes. Therefore we have investigated whether an increased iron level and an increased susceptibility to iron release could be observed in the erythrocytes from patients with beta-thalassemia. Erythrocytes from subjects with thalassemia intermedia showed an extremely higher content (0 time value) of free iron and methemoglobin as compared to controls. An increase, although non-statistically-significant, was seen in erythrocytes from subjects with thalassemia major. Upon aerobic incubation for 24 h the release of iron in beta-thalassemic erythrocytes was by far greater than in controls, with the exception of thalassemia minor. When the individual values for free iron content (0 time) seen in thalassemia major and intermedia were plotted against the corresponding values for HbF, a positive correlation (P < 0.001) was observed. Also, a positive correlation (P < 0.01) was seen between the values for free iron release (24 h incubation) and the values for HbF. These results suggest that the presence of HbF is a condition favourable to iron release. Since in beta-thalassemia the persistance of HbF is related to the lack or deficiency of beta chains and therefore to the excess of alpha chains, the observed correlation between free iron and HbF, is consistent with the hypothesis by others that excess of alpha chains represents a prooxidant factor.
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[Juvenile cerebral infarct. Retrospective analysis of risk factors in 78 cases]. Minerva Med 1981; 72:3091-6. [PMID: 7301182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
THe records of 78 young adults, who had suffered cerebral infarction, were reviewed with regard to possible pathogenetic mechanisms. Atherosclerosis risk factors appeared to play a major role between the age of 40 and 50, especially in males. Non atherosclerotic factors of cerebral ischemia were found predominant among females under 40, owing to contribution of migraine, oral contraceptive use and pregnancy/puerperium. In 18% of the patients no etiology could be identified.
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