1
|
Yeh SH, Tsai CY, Kao JH, Liu CJ, Kuo TJ, Lin MW, Huang WL, Lu SF, Jih J, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Quantification and genotyping of hepatitis B virus in a single reaction by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. J Hepatol 2004; 41:659-66. [PMID: 15464248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Both viral titer and genotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) play critical roles in determining clinical outcome and response to antiviral treatment in hepatitis B patients. In this study, a method was developed to determine both parameters in a single-tube reaction. METHODS The method contains two consecutive steps, the first step used real-time PCR for quantification and second step used melting curve analysis for genotyping. For accurate quantification, the PCR primers and hybridization probes were selected from highly conserved regions to ensure the equivalent amplification and hybridization of all genotypes of HBVs. Within the sensor probe there exists signature single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which could effectively differentiate different HBV genotypes by showing different melting temperatures. RESULTS The quantification results showed great consistency with the commercial assays in linear range from 10(2) to 10(11) copies/ml. By comparison with the traditional restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, 99% of samples were accurately genotyped by current assay, and with a higher detection rate. In addition, this method can detect mixed HBV infections. CONCLUSIONS Currently, this methodology can be applied to areas prevalent with HBV genotypes B and C, providing an efficient alternative for clinical diagnosis and large-scaled longitudinal studies.
Collapse
|
|
21 |
176 |
2
|
Czernik AJ, Petrack B, Kalinsky HJ, Psychoyos S, Cash WD, Tsai C, Rinehart RK, Granat FR, Lovell RA, Brundish DE, Wade R. CGS 8216: receptor binding characteristics of a potent benzodiazepine antagonist. Life Sci 1982; 30:363-72. [PMID: 6280007 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CGS 8216 is a novel nonbenzodiazepine that inhibited 3H-flunitrazepam (3H-FLU) binding to rat synaptosomal membranes in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. It prevented the in vivo labeling of brain benzodiazepine receptors by 3H-FLU with the same potency as diazepam when given orally to mice. Pharmacologic tests showed that it was devoid of benzodiazepine-like activity but it antagonized the actions of diazepam in these tests. It did not interact with alpha- or beta- adrenergic, H1-histaminergic or GABA receptors but it inhibited adenosine-activation of cyclic AMP formation. Studies with 3H-CGS 8216 demonstrated that it bound specifically and with high affinity to rat forebrain membranes and was displaced by drugs with an order of potencies similar to that observed when 3H-diazepam and 3H-FLU were used as radioligands. The regional distribution of 3H-CGS 8216 binding sites in the brain was also similar to that of 3H-FLU. Dissociation of 3H-CGS 8216 binding was slow at 0 degrees C but increased with temperature and was almost complete within 1 min at 37 degrees C. Scatchard analyses were linear, yielding KD values of 0.044, 0.11 and 0.18 nM at 0, 25 and 37 degrees C, respectively; the Bmax value did not change appreciably with temperature and was approximately 1000 fmoles/mg protein. Using 3H-FLU, the value for Bmax as well as for the KD increased with temperature. The total number of binding sites determined for 3H-FLU was greater than that for 3H-CGS 8216 at each temperature. CGS 8216 exhibited mixed-type inhibition of 3H-FLU binding. GABA did not stimulate 3H-CGS 8216 binding whereas it enhanced 3H-FLU binding. CGS 8216 may be a useful ligand for probing the antagonist properties of the benzodiazepine receptor and is likely to exhibit interesting therapeutic effects.
Collapse
|
|
43 |
173 |
3
|
|
Comparative Study |
51 |
164 |
4
|
Chi T, Ritch R, Stickler D, Pitman B, Tsai C, Hsieh FY. Racial differences in optic nerve head parameters. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1989; 107:836-9. [PMID: 2730402 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010858029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Results of previous studies have strongly indicated that the prevalence of elevated intraocular pressure is greater in blacks than in whites and that blacks are more susceptible than whites to glaucomatous damage at any given level of pressure. It has also been suggested that a larger disc area might predispose an eye to glaucomatous damage. We investigated the possibility that clinically quantifiable differences might exist in optic disc parameters between normotensive white and black patients. Disc area, cup-to-disc ratio, and cup volume measured with a video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock Optic Disc Analyzer) were significantly larger in blacks than in whites, while there was no difference in the disc rim area between the two groups. We derived a mathematical model of the optic disc that relates posterior displacement of the lamina cribrosa to the disc area, distensibility of the disc, and intraocular pressure.
Collapse
|
Comparative Study |
36 |
140 |
5
|
Atkinson BN, Bell SC, De Vivo M, Kowalski LR, Lechner SM, Ognyanov VI, Tham CS, Tsai C, Jia J, Ashton D, Klitenick MA. ALX 5407: a potent, selective inhibitor of the hGlyT1 glycine transporter. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:1414-20. [PMID: 11723250 DOI: 10.1124/mol.60.6.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-affinity glycine transport in neurons and glial cells is a primary means of inactivating synaptic glycine. We have synthesized a potent selective inhibitor of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1), and characterized its activity using a quail fibroblast cell line (QT6). The glycine transporters GlyT1A, GlyT1B, GlyT1C, and GlyT2 were stably expressed in QT6 cells. The transporters expressed in these cells exhibited appropriate characteristics as described previously for these genes: Na(+)/Cl(-) dependence, appropriate K(m) values for glycine uptake, and appropriate pharmacology, as defined in part by the ability of N-methyl glycine (sarcosine) to competitively inhibit glycine transport. Furthermore, the characteristics of the transporters in the cell lines recapitulate the characteristics of glycine transporters observed in tissue preparations. We developed a sarcosine derivative, (R)-(N-[3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy)propyl])sarcosine (ALX 5407), and examined its activity against the cloned glycine transporters. ALX 5407 completely inhibited glycine transport in the GlyT1 cells, with an IC(50) value of 3 nM, but had little or no activity at the human GlyT2 transporter, at other binding sites for glycine, or at other neurotransmitter transporters. The inhibition of glycine transport was essentially irreversible. ALX 5407 represents a novel tool in the investigation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor function. This class of drug may lead to novel therapies in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
|
24 |
137 |
6
|
Tsai CY, Salamini F, Nelson OE. Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the developing endosperm of maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 46:299-306. [PMID: 16657454 PMCID: PMC396583 DOI: 10.1104/pp.46.2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of enzymes presumably implicated in starch synthesis were assayed at various stages of endosperm development ranging from 8 days to 28 days after pollination. Activity for invertase, hexokinase, the glucose phosphate isomerases, the phosphoglucomutases, phosphorylase I, uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, and the starch granule-bound nucleoside diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase was present at the earliest stage of development (8 days) studied. Activity was detectable for phosphorylase III, the soluble adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, and sucrose-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase at 12 days. For phosphorylase II and cytidine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, activity was first detectable at the 14- and 16-day stages, respectively. Rapid increases in starch content are observed prior to detectable activity for adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, the soluble adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase and phosphorylases II and III. For all enzymes, except invertase, activity per endosperm rises to a peak at 22 or 28 days. Greatest activity for invertase is found at 12 days with a steady decline thereafter. The pattern of invertase activity in comparison with that of sucrose-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase supports previous suggestions, that the latter plays a key role in the conversion of sucrose to starch. In addition to phosphorylases I, II, and III, multiple forms of glucosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase were detected.
Collapse
|
research-article |
55 |
123 |
7
|
Tsai CY, Wu TH, Yu CL, Lu JY, Tsai YY. Increased excretions of beta2-microglobulin, IL-6, and IL-8 and decreased excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in urine of patients with active lupus nephritis. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 85:207-14. [PMID: 10867535 DOI: 10.1159/000045663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a less frequently recognized but important complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. We have investigated the cytokine beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) excretions in the urine of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to identify indices for evaluation of tubulointerstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis (LN). Daily urine was collected from 15 patients with active LN, from 12 patients with inactive LN, and from 17 normal subjects. The amounts of soluble interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, beta2M, and THG in urine were measured. Beta2M and THG were regarded as indicators of proximal and distal renal tubule function, respectively. The urinary excretions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with active LN than in those with inactive LN and in normal individuals. The excretion of soluble IL-2 receptor in all three groups of subjects was not significantly different. On the other hand, the excretion of beta2M in patients with LN was significantly higher than that in normal individuals. The excretion of beta2M in patients with active or inactive LN was not significantly different. The THG excretion was lower in patients with active LN and tubulointerstitial inflammation as compared with patients with inactive LN or normal individuals. Six patients underwent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy during the course of experiments. Five of them showed a decrease in IL-8 and IL-6 excretions in urine after the treatment. The excretions of beta2M and THG in urine, in addition to IL-6 and IL-8, can reflect the renal inflammatory activity in patients with lupus tubulointerstitial nephritis as well as in those having lupus glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
|
|
25 |
121 |
8
|
Tang L, Tsai C, Gerberich WW, Kruckeberg L, Kania DR. Biocompatibility of chemical-vapour-deposited diamond. Biomaterials 1995; 16:483-8. [PMID: 7654876 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)98822-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of chemical-vapour-deposited (CVD) diamond surfaces has been assessed. Our results indicate that CVD diamond is as biocompatible as titanium (Ti) and 316 stainless steel (SS). First, the amount of adsorbed and 'denatured' fibrinogen on CVD diamond was very close to that of Ti and SS. Second, both in vitro and in vivo there appears to be less cellular adhesion and activation on the surface of CVD diamond surfaces compared to Ti and SS. This evident biocompatibility, coupled with the corrosion resistance and notable mechanical integrity of CVD diamond, suggests that diamond-coated surfaces may be highly desirable in a number of biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
Comparative Study |
30 |
110 |
9
|
Tsai CY, Nelson OE. Starch-deficient maize mutant lacking adenosine dephosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. Science 1966; 151:341-3. [PMID: 5903344 DOI: 10.1126/science.151.3708.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The maize mutant shrunken-2 synthesizes only 25 to 30 percent as much starch as normal maize; it completely lacks adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in both endosperm and embryo tissue. Identification of the mutant block indicates that the greater portion of starch in the endosperm of normal maize is synthesized by way of enzyme systems that utilize adenosine diphosphate glucose as a substrate, and that the latter is formed chiefly by adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Collapse
|
|
59 |
100 |
10
|
Wu CC, Chan ML, Chen WY, Tsai CY, Chang FR, Wu YC. Pristimerin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via direct effects on mitochondria. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:1277-85. [PMID: 16093444 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pristimerin, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, has been shown to cause cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism for the cytotoxic effect of pristimerin was never explored. In the present study, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells treated with pristimerin (1 and 3 micromol/L) showed rapid induction of apoptosis, as indicated by caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and morphologic changes. Pretreatment of a pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (z-VAD-fmk) completely prevented pristimerin-induced apoptosis. Treatment of tumor cells with pristimerin resulted in a rapid release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which preceded caspase activation and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, neither benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone nor permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporin A markedly prevented pristimerin-induced mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Pristimerin did not significantly alter the protein level of Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Bax), nor did it induce Bax translocation. Moreover, Bcl-2 overexpression fails to prevent pristimerin-induced apoptosis. The generation of reactive oxygen species in MDA-MB-231 cells was also not affected by pristimerin. In a cell-free system, pristimerin induced cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria. Taken together, these results suggested that pristimerin is a novel mitochondria-targeted compound and may be further evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent for human cancer.
Collapse
|
|
20 |
99 |
11
|
Yeh SH, Wang HY, Tsai CY, Kao CL, Yang JY, Liu HW, Su IJ, Tsai SF, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes in Taiwan: molecular epidemiology and genome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:2542-7. [PMID: 14983045 PMCID: PMC356986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307904100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since early March 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) infection has claimed 346 cases and 37 deaths in Taiwan. The epidemic occurred in two stages. The first stage caused limited familial or hospital infections and lasted from early March to mid-April. All cases had clear contact histories, primarily from Guangdong or Hong Kong. The second stage resulted in a large outbreak in a municipal hospital, and quickly spread to northern and southern Taiwan from late April to mid-June. During this stage, there were some sporadic cases with untraceable contact histories. To investigate the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV in Taiwan's epidemic, we conducted a systematic viral lineage study by sequencing the entire viral genome from ten SARS patients. SARS-CoV viruses isolated from Taiwan were found closely related to those from Guangdong and Hong Kong. In addition, all cases from the second stage belonged to the same lineage after the municipal hospital outbreak, including the patients without an apparent contact history. Analyses of these full-length sequences showed a positive selection occurring during SARS-CoV virus evolution. The mismatch distribution indicated that SARS viral genomes did not reach equilibrium and suggested a recent introduction of the viruses into human populations. The estimated genome mutation rate was approximately 0.1 per genome, demonstrating possibly one of the lowest rates among known RNA viruses.
Collapse
|
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
21 |
96 |
12
|
Lee KH, Jones RA, Dalby A, Tsai CY. Genetic regulation of storaage protein content in maize endosperm. Biochem Genet 1976; 14:641-50. [PMID: 985383 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that zein prepared from normal maize inbred (Zea mays L.) contains six separable components. Z1 and Z2 are the predominant species, with molecular weights of 21,800 and 19,000 daltons. Amino acid analysis of these two components shows that both are rich in glutamic acid, leucine, and proline, but low in lysine. Of the four minor bands, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6, the latter two exist only in trace amounts. A mutation at the opaque-2 locus severely suppresses the synthesis of Z1. The nonallelic mutant, opaque-7, strongly suppresses the synthesis of Z3 and Z4, while slightly reducing Z2. On the other hand, the floury-2 mutant appears to reduce the synthesis of these six proteins in the same relative proportion. In the double mutant combinations, opaque-2 apparently is epistatic to opaque-7 and floury-2 in the synthesis of zein components. The glutelin fraction shows a more complex banding pattern; however, qualitative differences are not apparent among the mutant lines examined.
Collapse
|
|
49 |
95 |
13
|
Wang E, Wang LC, Tsai CY, Bhoj V, Gershenson Z, Moon E, Newick K, Sun J, Lo A, Baradet T, Feldman MD, Barrett D, Puré E, Albelda S, Milone MC. Generation of Potent T-cell Immunotherapy for Cancer Using DAP12-Based, Multichain, Chimeric Immunoreceptors. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:815-26. [PMID: 25941351 PMCID: PMC4490943 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) bearing an antigen-binding domain linked in cis to the cytoplasmic domains of CD3ζ and costimulatory receptors have provided a potent method for engineering T-cell cytotoxicity toward B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, resistance to immunotherapy due to loss of T-cell effector function remains a significant barrier, especially in solid malignancies. We describe an alternative chimeric immunoreceptor design in which we have fused a single-chain variable fragment for antigen recognition to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of KIR2DS2, a stimulatory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR). We show that this simple, KIR-based CAR (KIR-CAR) triggers robust antigen-specific proliferation and effector function in vitro when introduced into human T cells with DAP12, an immunotyrosine-based activation motifs-containing adaptor. T cells modified to express a KIR-CAR and DAP12 exhibit superior antitumor activity compared with standard first- and second-generation CD3ζ-based CARs in a xenograft model of mesothelioma highly resistant to immunotherapy. The enhanced antitumor activity is associated with improved retention of chimeric immunoreceptor expression and improved effector function of isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These results support the exploration of KIR-CARs for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy, particularly in immunotherapy-resistant solid tumors.
Collapse
|
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
10 |
92 |
14
|
Chien CT, Chiang-Ting C, Chang TC, Tzu-Ching C, Tsai CY, Ching-Yi T, Shyue SK, Song-Kuen S, Lai MK, Ming-Kuen L. Adenovirus-mediated bcl-2 gene transfer inhibits renal ischemia/reperfusion induced tubular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:1194-203. [PMID: 15888023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion induces oxidative injury to proximal and distal renal tubular cells. We hypothesize that Bcl-2 protein augmentation with adenovirus vector mediated bcl-2 (Adv-bcl-2) gene transfer may improve ischemia/reperfusion induced renal proximal and distal tubular apoptosis through the mitochondrial control of Bax and cytochrome C translocation. Twenty-four hours of Adv-bcl-2 transfection to proximal and distal tubular cells in vitro upregulated Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cytochrome C translocation, O(2) (-) production and tubular apoptosis. Intra-renal arterial Adv-bcl-2 administration with renal venous clamping augmented Bcl-2 protein of rat kidney in vivo in a time-dependent manner. The maximal Bcl-2 protein expression appeared at 7 days after Adv-bcl-2 administration and the primary location of Bcl-2 augmentation was in proximal and distal tubules, but not in glomeruli. With a real-time monitoring O(2) (-) production and apoptosis analysis of rat kidneys, ischemia/reperfusion increased renal O(2) (-) level, potentiated proapoptotic mechanisms, including decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio, increases in caspase 3 expression and poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase fragments and subsequent proximal and distal tubular apoptosis. However, Adv-bcl-2 administration significantly enhanced Bcl-2/Bax ratio, decreased ischemia/reperfusion induced O(2) (-) amount, inhibited proximal and distal tubular apoptosis and improved renal function. Our results suggest that Adv-bcl-2 gene transfer significantly reduces ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative injury in the kidney.
Collapse
|
|
20 |
92 |
15
|
Chen HA, Lin KC, Chen CH, Liao HT, Wang HP, Chang HN, Tsai CY, Chou CT. The effect of etanercept on anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:35-9. [PMID: 15975966 PMCID: PMC1797988 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.038851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) following etanercept treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS The study included 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who failed treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). All patients were allowed to continue treatment with DMARDs; 52 of them received etanercept as a twice weekly 25 mg subcutaneous injection for three months, and the others did not. Serum samples were collected at baseline and one month intervals during the treatment course. The serum levels of anti-CCP and RF were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and nephelometry, respectively. RESULTS At baseline, 45 of the 52 etanercept treated patients (86.5%) and 32 of the 38 controls (84.2%) were positive for anti-CCP. Tests for RF were positive in 78.9% and 84.2% of patients with or without etanercept treatment, respectively. The serum levels of anti-CCP and RF decreased significantly after a three month etanercept treatment (p = 0.007 and p = 0.006, respectively). The average decrease from baseline calculated for each individual patient in the etanercept treated group was 31.3% for anti-CCP and 36% for RF. The variation in anti-CCP was positively correlated with the variation in disease activity, swollen and tender joint counts, RF, and C reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Etanercept combined with DMARDs leads to a much greater decrease than DMARDs alone in the serum levels of anti-CCP and RF in rheumatoid arthritis, compatible with a reduction in clinical disease activity.
Collapse
|
Randomized Controlled Trial |
19 |
85 |
16
|
Poon M, Ruckle H, Bamshad BR, Tsai C, Webster R, Lui P. Radical retropubic prostatectomy: bladder neck preservation versus reconstruction. J Urol 2000; 163:194-8. [PMID: 10604345 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compare bladder neck contracture, urinary continence and positive surgical margin rates after bladder neck preservation and excision with radical retropubic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological findings, and followup of 220 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed. Patients were divided into 3 groups of bladder neck preservation (101), "tennis racket" reconstruction (63) and anterior bladder tube reconstruction (56). RESULTS Mean followup was 19.7, 36.7 and 16.2 months, respectively, for bladder neck preservation, tennis racket reconstruction and anterior bladder tube reconstruction. Overall, bladder neck contracture occurred in 22 of 220 cases (10%), including 5 of 101 (5%) with bladder neck preservation, 7 of 63 (11%) with tennis racket reconstruction and 10 of 56 (18%) with anterior bladder tube reconstruction, which approached statistical significance (p = 0.061). Urinary continence was assessed by a third party telephone interview of 165 patients. Continence rates at 1 year were 93% for bladder neck preservation, 96% for tennis racket reconstruction and 97% for anterior bladder tube reconstruction, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.68). Positive margin rates were 27.4% with bladder neck preservation versus 30.5% with excision, which was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS There are no statistically significant differences in return of urinary continence, bladder neck contracture rates or positive margins between bladder neck preservation and excision.
Collapse
|
Comparative Study |
25 |
84 |
17
|
Chuang HC, Sheu WHH, Lin YT, Tsai CY, Yang CY, Cheng YJ, Huang PY, Li JP, Chiu LL, Wang X, Xie M, Schneider MD, Tan TH. HGK/MAP4K4 deficiency induces TRAF2 stabilization and Th17 differentiation leading to insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4602. [PMID: 25098764 PMCID: PMC4143962 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines play important roles in insulin resistance. Here we report that mice with a T-cell-specific conditional knockout of HGK (T-HGK cKO) develop systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. This condition is ameliorated by either IL-6 or IL-17 neutralization. HGK directly phosphorylates TRAF2, leading to its lysosomal degradation and subsequent inhibition of IL-6 production. IL-6-overproducing HGK-deficient T cells accumulate in adipose tissue and further differentiate into IL-6/IL-17 double-positive cells. Moreover, CCL20 neutralization or CCR6 deficiency reduces the Th17 population or insulin resistance in T-HGK cKO mice. In addition, leptin receptor deficiency in T cells inhibits Th17 differentiation and improves the insulin sensitivity in T-HGK cKO mice, which suggests that leptin cooperates with IL-6 to promote Th17 differentiation. Thus, HGK deficiency induces TRAF2/IL-6 upregulation, leading to IL-6/leptin-induced Th17 differentiation in adipose tissue and subsequent insulin resistance. These findings provide insight into the reciprocal regulation between the immune system and the metabolism.
Collapse
|
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
11 |
75 |
18
|
Wei JCC, Tsai WC, Lin HS, Tsai CY, Chou CT. HLA-B60 and B61 are strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27-negative Taiwan Chinese patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43:839-42. [PMID: 15113995 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carriage of HLA-B60 has been shown to increase the risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in B27-positive Caucasian patients, but the association in B27-negative cases is less certain. This study assessed HLA class I gene associations in Chinese HLA-B27-negative AS patients. METHODS Forty-one Chinese HLA-B27-negative AS patients fulfilling the modified New York diagnostic criteria for AS were recruited, and 11 383 HLA-B27-negative blood donors were used for comparison. HLA-A and -B typing was done with the microlymphocytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Among the B27-negative AS patients, 21 were male and 20 were female. Of HLA-B alleles, only B60 and B61 significantly increased susceptibility to AS in HLA-B27-negative patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In Taiwan Chinese, carriage of B60 is increased in HLA-B27-negative AS patients. The association between B61 and HLA-B27-negative AS patients has not been reported previously. Whether the gene involved is HLA-B60 or B61 or another gene in linkage disequilibrium with these genes is unknown.
Collapse
|
|
21 |
70 |
19
|
Larkins BA, Jones RA, Tsai CY. Isolation and in vitro translation of zein messenger ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1976; 15:5506-11. [PMID: 999825 DOI: 10.1021/bi00670a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zein messenger RNA was isolated from membrane-bound polyribosomes of developing maize kernels by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. Translation of the mRNA in vitro yielded protein similar to native zein in amino acid content, ethanol solubility, and mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gels. The zein mRNA sedimented as a homogeneous peak on sucrose gradients and contained a poly(A)-rich region based upon hybridization to [3H]poly(U). The mRNA had an apparent molecular weight of 540 000 on agarose-acrylamide gels. It synthesized both 21 800 and 19 000 molecular weight zein components in the wheat-germ cell-free protein synthesis system. The possibility of a polycistronic mRNA or two mRNAs of similar molecular weight is considered.
Collapse
|
Comparative Study |
49 |
66 |
20
|
Fuse S, Tsai CY, Molloy MJ, Allie SR, Zhang W, Yagita H, Usherwood EJ. Recall responses by helpless memory CD8+ T cells are restricted by the up-regulation of PD-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 182:4244-54. [PMID: 19299723 PMCID: PMC2713929 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4 help is crucial for memory CD8(+) T cell development, yet the mechanisms of CD4 help and why (CD4) helpless memory CD8(+) T cells elicit poor recall responses are currently not well understood. In this study we investigated these questions using an in vivo acute virus infection model. We show herein that CD4 help during priming is required for memory CD8(+) T cell differentiation, and that stimulation of CD40 during priming rescues the helpless defects in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. The defective recall response by helpless memory cells did not correlate with the amount of cell death and was independent of TRAIL. However, helpless memory cells excessively up-regulated the inhibitory receptor PD-1 (programmed cell death-1), and PD-1 blockade enhanced the recall response of helpless memory cells. Furthermore, providing IL-2 signaling in vivo during the recall response reduced PD-1 expression and rescued the recall response of helpless memory cells. Our study identifies molecular pathways involved in CD4 help for memory CD8(+) T cell generation that are independent of TRAIL, and it provides therapeutic implications that helpless memory cell function can be restored at multiple stages through various immunological interventions.
Collapse
|
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
16 |
61 |
21
|
Swamy MS, Tsai C, Abraham A, Abraham EC. Glycation mediated lens crystallin aggregation and cross-linking by various sugars and sugar phosphates in vitro. Exp Eye Res 1993; 56:177-85. [PMID: 8462651 DOI: 10.1006/exer.1993.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycation of lens crystallins results in protein conformational changes, oxidation, browning and aggregation. Though glucose is the major sugar, other sugars and sugar phosphates generated as intermediates of metabolic pathways are present in the lens, albeit at low concentrations. In this study we incubated bovine lens soluble fraction with various sugars and sugar phosphates (5mM for 10 days). The reactivity was in the order trioses > tetroses > pentoses > hexoses. High molecular weight (HMW) aggregates were also formed at a comparable rate. Increased levels of fluorescence were associated with the HMW aggregates with fast reacting sugars. The phosphorylated derivatives were only slightly more reactive than their respective sugars. Interestingly, fructose-1,6-diphosphate was more reactive and cross-linked more readily than fructose-6-phosphate. Gel electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions showed formation of disulfide linked protein aggregates with slow reacting sugars such as glucose and non-disulfide covalent linked protein aggregates with fast reacting sugars such as erythrose. In contrast, if 0.1 m DTT was present in erythrose incubations (a fast reacting sugar), the HMW aggregate formation was significantly reduced. In order to show the reactivity among the slow reacting hexoses, we incubated lens proteins with 1 M hexoses for 30 days and the results showed that galactose was more reactive and showed higher cross-linking than fructose and glucose. These results thus indicate that relatively low levels of some sugars and sugar phosphates in the lens could be compensated by enhanced lens protein cross-linking and the combined effect could be rather significant with respect to cataractogenesis.
Collapse
|
|
32 |
56 |
22
|
Tsai C, Gergen JP. Gap gene properties of the pair-rule gene runt during Drosophila segmentation. Development 1994; 120:1671-83. [PMID: 8050373 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120.6.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila Runt protein is a member of a new family of transcriptional regulators that have important roles in processes extending from pattern formation in insect embryos to leukemogenesis in humans. We used ectopic expression to investigate runt's function in the pathway of Drosophila segmentation. Transient over-expression of runt under the control of a Drosophila heat-shock promoter caused stripe-specific defects in the expression patterns of the pair-rule genes hairy and even-skipped but had a more uniform effect on the secondary pair-rule gene fushi tarazu. Surprisingly, the expression of the gap segmentation genes, which are upstream of runt in the segmentation hierarchy was also altered in hs/runt embryos. A subset of these effects were interpreted as due to an antagonistic effect of runt on transcriptional activation by the maternal morphogen bicoid. In support of this, expression of synthetic reporter gene constructs containing oligomerized binding sites for the Bicoid protein was reduced in hs/runt embryos. Finally, genetic experiments demonstrated that regulation of gap gene expression by runt is a normal component of the regulatory program that generates the segmented body pattern of the Drosophila embryo.
Collapse
|
|
31 |
54 |
23
|
Chu C, Hong SF, Tsai C, Lin WS, Liu TP, Ou JT. Comparative physical and genetic maps of the virulence plasmids of Salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, choleraesuis, and dublin. Infect Immun 1999; 67:2611-4. [PMID: 10225928 PMCID: PMC116011 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.5.2611-2614.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using fragment profiling, PCR, and Southern hybridization, we found that Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis harbored virulence plasmids of various sizes, whereas serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Dublin carried a plasmid of a unique size. Also, the virulence plasmid of Typhimurium contained genes in the same order detected in the other three plasmids, all of which contained deletions.
Collapse
|
research-article |
26 |
51 |
24
|
Tsai C, Diaz LA, Singer NG, Li LL, Kirsch AH, Mitra R, Nickoloff BJ, Crofford LJ, Fox DA. Responsiveness of human T lymphocytes to bacterial superantigens presented by cultured rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:125-36. [PMID: 8546721 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780390117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type B fibroblastic synoviocytes are abundant in inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and can secrete cytokines and other mediators of inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether cell lines derived from RA type B synoviocytes could also serve as accessory cells for T lymphocyte activation. METHODS Cells from RA synoviocyte lines, with or without preculture in interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), were cultured with purified peripheral blood T cells, in the presence or absence of superantigens or other accessory cell-dependent T cell mitogens. T cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation, and synoviocyte surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS RA type B synoviocyte lines were potent accessory cells for T cell responses to bacterial superantigens or lectins, and direct cell-cell contact was required. Preculture in IFN gamma augmented synoviocyte expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and of ligands for some T cell costimulatory receptors, but synoviocyte accessory cell function was evident even in the absence of IFN gamma. Blocking studies using monoclonal antibodies supported the notion of a role CD2, CD11a/CD18 and MHC class II molecules in synoviocyte-dependent T cell activation. Monoclonal antibodies against IFN gamma, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha failed to block the T cell proliferative responses, but anti-IL-2 was strongly inhibitory. CONCLUSION Cultured RA and type B synoviocytes can perform some of the functions of professional antigen-presenting cells. If such cells have similar properties in vivo, they may be important participants in activation of immune responses, in addition to their previously described synthetic and proinflammatory roles. If RA synovial tissue T cells, like normal peripheral blood T cells, can respond to superantigens presented by synoviocytes, this interaction could be important in the pathogenesis of RA.
Collapse
|
|
29 |
51 |
25
|
Evans CL, Tsai C, Young FG. The behaviour of liver glycogen in experimental animals: I. Methods: the effect of ether and amytal. J Physiol 2007; 73:67-80. [PMID: 16994229 PMCID: PMC1394393 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1931.sp002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
Journal Article |
18 |
49 |