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Marx C, Thomas D, Sinning JM. Incidental Finding of Coronary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient With Unexplained Back and Shoulder Pain. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 121:548. [PMID: 39411908 PMCID: PMC11542571 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2024]
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Alt PS, Marx C, Braun S. All-suture anchor size and drill angle influence load to failure in a porcine model of subpectoral biceps tenodesis, a biomechanical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:408. [PMID: 38783272 PMCID: PMC11118723 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon is frequently performed in shoulder surgery, and all-suture anchors have become more popular as fixation methods. However, uncertainty still exists regarding the ultimate load to failure of all-suture anchors and the best insertion angle at a cortical humeral insertion point. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of three types of all-suture anchors frequently used for biceps tenodesis. In addition, the influence of two different insertion angles was observed in a porcine humeri model. METHODS The ultimate load to failure and failure mode of three types of all-suture anchors (1.6 FiberTak®, 1.9 FiberTak®, 2.6 FiberTak®, Arthrex®) applicable for subpectoral biceps tenodesis were evaluated at 90° and 45° insertion angles in 12 fresh-frozen porcine humeri. The anchors were inserted equally alternated in a randomized manner at three different insertion sites along the bicipital groove, and the suture tapes were knotted around a rod for pullout testing. In total, 36 anchors were evaluated in a universal testing machine (Zwick & Roell). RESULTS The 2.6 FiberTak® shows higher ultimate loads to failure with a 90° insertion angle (944.0 N ± 169.7 N; 537.0 N ± 308.8 N) compared to the 1.9 FiberTak® (677.8 N ± 57.7 N; 426.3 N ± 167.0 N, p-value: 0.0080) and 1.6 FiberTak® (733.0 N ± 67.6 N; 450.0 N ± 155.8 N, p-value: 0.0018). All anchor types show significantly higher ultimate loads to failure and smaller standard deviations at the 90° insertion angle than at the 45° insertion angle. The major failure mode was anchor pullout. Only the 2.6 FiberTak® anchors showed suture breakage as the major failure mode when placed with a 90° insertion angle. CONCLUSIONS All three all-suture anchors are suitable fixation methods for subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Regarding our data, we recommend 90° as the optimum insertion angle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The influence of anchor size and insertion angle of an all-suture anchor should be known by the surgeon for optimizing ultimate loads to failure and for achieving a secure fixation.
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López Moreira Mazacotte GA, Tetzlaff D, Marx C, Warter MM, Wu S, Smith AA, Soulsby C. Integrated monitoring and modeling to disentangle the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of urbanized streams under drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:560. [PMID: 38767712 PMCID: PMC11106154 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We have a poor understanding of how urban drainage and other engineered components interact with more natural hydrological processes in green and blue spaces to generate stream flow. This limits the scientific evidence base for predicting and mitigating the effects of future development of the built environment and climate change on urban water resources and their ecosystem services. Here, we synthesize > 20 years of environmental monitoring data to better understand the hydrological function of the 109-km2 Wuhle catchment, an important tributary of the river Spree in Berlin, Germany. More than half (56%) of the catchment is urbanized, leading to substantial flow path alterations. Young water from storm runoff and rapid subsurface flow provided around 20% of stream flow. However, most of it was generated by older groundwater (several years old), mainly recharged through the rural headwaters and non-urban green spaces. Recent drought years since 2018 showed that this base flow component has reduced in response to decreased recharge, causing deterioration in water quality and sections of the stream network to dry out. Attempts to integrate the understanding of engineered and natural processes in a traditional rainfall-runoff model were only partly successful due to uncertainties over the catchment area, effects of sustainable urban drainage, adjacent groundwater pumping, and limited conceptualization of groundwater storage dynamics. The study highlights the need for more extensive and coordinated monitoring and data collection in complex urban catchments and the use of these data in more advanced models of urban hydrology to enhance management.
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Marx C, Tetzlaff D, Hinkelmann R, Soulsby C. Effects of 66 years of water management and hydroclimatic change on the urban hydrology and water quality of the Panke catchment, Berlin, Germany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165764. [PMID: 37516173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Long-term records of combined stream flow and water chemistry can be an invaluable source of information on changes in the quantity and quality of water resources. To understand the effect of hydroclimate and water management on the heavily urbanized Panke catchment in Berlin, Germany, an extensive search, collation and digitization of historic data from various sources was undertaken. This integrated a unique 66-year spatially distributed record of stream water quality, a 21-year record of groundwater quality and a 31-year stream flow record. These data were analysed in the context of hydroclimatic variability, as well as the history and technological evolution of water resource management in the catchment. To contextualize the effect of droughts, "average" and wet years the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. As upstream sites have been less regulated by human impacts, the flow regime is most sensitive to changes in hydroclimatic conditions, while downstream sites are more influenced by wastewater effluents, urban storm drains and inter-basin transfers for flood alleviation. However, at all sites, a general increase in maximum event discharge was observed until a recent drought, starting in 2018. In general, water quality in the catchment has gradually improved as a result of management change and increasingly effective wastewater treatment, though in some places legacy and/or contemporary urban and rural groundwater contamination may be affecting the stream. Hydroclimatic changes, particularly drought years can affect water quality classes, and alter the chemostatic/dynamic behaviour of catchment export patterns. These insights from the Panke catchment underline the importance of strategic adaptation and improvement of water treatment and water resource management in order to enhance the quality of urban water courses. It also demonstrates the importance of long-term integrated data sets.
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Marx C, Wulff P, Fink C, Baumgarten D. Optical Measurement of Ligament Strain: Opportunities and Limitations for Intraoperative Application. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7487. [PMID: 37687943 PMCID: PMC10490667 DOI: 10.3390/s23177487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A feasible and precise method to measure ligament strain during surgical interventions could significantly enhance the quality of ligament reconstructions. However, all existing scientific approaches to measure in vivo ligament strain possess at least one significant disadvantage, such as the impairment of the anatomical structure. Seeking a more advantageous method, this paper proposes defining medical and technical requirements for a non-destructive, optical measurement technique. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive review of current optical endoscopic techniques which could potentially be suitable for in vivo ligament strain measurement, along with the most suitable optical measurement techniques. The most promising options are rated based on the defined explicit and implicit requirements. Three methods were identified as promising candidates for a precise optical measurement of the alteration of a ligaments strain: confocal chromatic imaging, shearography, and digital image correlation.
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Geyer S, Kadantsev P, Bohnet D, Marx C, Vieider RP, Braun S, Siebenlist S, Lappen S. Partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendons show only slightly lower ultimate load to failure: a biomechanical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:590. [PMID: 37468862 PMCID: PMC10357868 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendon are usually treated surgically from a size of > 50% tendon involvement. The aim of this study was to compare the ultimate load to failure of intact triceps tendons with partially ruptured tendons and describe the rupture mechanism. METHODS Eighteen human fresh-frozen cadaveric elbow specimens were randomly assigned to two groups with either an intact distal triceps tendon or with a simulated partial rupture of 50% of the tendon. A continuous traction on the distal triceps tendon was applied to provoke a complete tendon rupture. The maximum required ultimate load to failure of the tendon in N was measured. In addition, video recordings of the ruptures of the intact tendons were performed and analysed by two independent investigators. RESULTS A median ultimate load to failure of 1,390 N (range Q0.25-Q0.75, 954 - 2,360) was measured in intact distal triceps tendons. The median ultimate load to failure of the partially ruptured tendons was 1,330 N (range Q0.25-Q0.75, 1,130 - 1.470 N). The differences were not significant. All recorded ruptures began in the superficial tendon portion, and seven out of nine tendons in the lateral tendon portion. DISCUSSION Partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendon demonstrate a not statistically significant lower ultimate load to failure than intact tendons and typically occur in the superficial, lateral portion of the tendon. This finding can be helpful when deciding between surgical and conservative therapy for partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendon.
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Stevenson JL, Birkel C, Comte JC, Tetzlaff D, Marx C, Neill A, Maneta M, Boll J, Soulsby C. Quantifying heterogeneity in ecohydrological partitioning in urban green spaces through the integration of empirical and modelling approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:468. [PMID: 36918498 PMCID: PMC10014787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban green spaces (UGS) can help mitigate hydrological impacts of urbanisation and climate change through precipitation infiltration, evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. However, there is a need to understand how precipitation is partitioned by contrasting vegetation types in order to target UGS management for specific ecosystem services. We monitored, over one growing season, hydrometeorology, soil moisture, sapflux and isotopic variability of soil water under contrasting vegetation (evergreen shrub, evergreen conifer, grassland, larger and smaller deciduous trees), focussed around a 150-m transect of UGS in northern Scotland. We further used the data to develop a one-dimensional model, calibrated to soil moisture observations (KGE's generally > 0.65), to estimate evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Our results evidenced clear inter-site differences, with grassland soils experiencing rapid drying at the start of summer, resulting in more fractionated soil water isotopes. Contrastingly, the larger deciduous site saw gradual drying, whilst deeper sandy upslope soils beneath the evergreen shrub drained rapidly. Soils beneath the denser canopied evergreen conifer were overall least responsive to precipitation. Modelled ecohydrological fluxes showed similar diversity, with median evapotranspiration estimates increasing in the order grassland (193 mm) < evergreen shrub (214 mm) < larger deciduous tree (224 mm) < evergreen conifer tree (265 mm). The evergreen shrub had similar estimated median transpiration totals as the larger deciduous tree (155 mm and 128 mm, respectively), though timing of water uptake was different. Median groundwater recharge was greatest beneath grassland (232 mm) and lowest beneath the evergreen conifer (128 mm). The study showed how integrating observational data and simple modelling can quantify heterogeneities in ecohydrological partitioning and help guide UGS management.
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Mebarki L, Cugnet Anceau C, Raverot G, Marx C. Métastase hypophysaire d’un mélanome muté BRAF V600 : une réponse prometteuse au traitement combiné encorafenib–binimetinib. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Marx C, Marx-Blümel L, Sonnemann J, Wang ZQ. Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions After Sirtuin Inhibition. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2589:269-291. [PMID: 36255631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2788-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are important for protein functions and cellular signaling pathways. The acetylation of lysine residues is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs), with the latter being grouped into four phylogenetic classes. The class III of the HDAC family, the sirtuins (SIRTs), contributes to gene expression, genomic stability, cell metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Thus, several specific SIRT inhibitors (SIRTi) have been developed to target cancer cell proliferation. Here we provide an overview of methods to study SIRT-dependent cell metabolism and mitochondrial functionality. The chapter describes metabolic flux analysis using Seahorse analyzers, methods for normalization of Seahorse data, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial content per cell and mitochondrial network structures, and Western blot analysis to measure mitochondrial proteins.
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Halilovic M, Marx-Blümel L, Marx C, Buder K, Beck JF, Sonnemann J. Assessment of HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2589:253-268. [PMID: 36255630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2788-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional cell organelle which is important for the folding and processing of proteins. Different endogenous and exogenous factors can disturb the ER homeostasis, causing ER stress and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) to remove misfolded proteins and aggregates. ER stress and the UPR are associated with several human diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are used to treat cancer and were shown to induce ER stress/to modulate the UPR, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood and needs further research. Several approaches to monitoring ER stress exist. Here we describe methods including qPCR, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy to analyze changes in mRNA and protein expression levels as well as defects in ER structures after HDAC inhibitor-induced ER stress.
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Dai L, Massy ZA, Stenvinkel P, Chesnaye NC, Larabi IA, Alvarez JC, Caskey FJ, Torino C, Porto G, Szymczak M, Krajewska M, Drechsler C, Wanner C, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Evenepoel P, Evans M, Torp A, Iwig B, Perras B, Marx C, Drechsler C, Blaser C, Wanner C, Emde C, Krieter D, Fuchs D, Irmler E, Platen E, Schmidt-Gürtler H, Schlee H, Naujoks H, Schlee I, Cäsar S, Beige J, Röthele J, Mazur J, Hahn K, Blouin K, Neumeier K, Anding-Rost K, Schramm L, Hopf M, Wuttke N, Frischmuth N, Ichtiaris P, Kirste P, Schulz P, Aign S, Biribauer S, Manan S, Röser S, Heidenreich S, Palm S, Schwedler S, Delrieux S, Renker S, Schättel S, Stephan T, Schmiedeke T, Weinreich T, Leimbach T, Stövesand T, Bahner U, Seeger W, Cupisti A, Sagliocca A, Ferraro A, Mele A, Naticchia A, Còsaro A, Ranghino A, Stucchi A, Pignataro A, De Blasio A, Pani A, Tsalouichos A, Antonio B, Iorio BRD, Alessandra B, Abaterusso C, Somma C, D'alessandro C, Torino C, Zullo C, Pozzi C, Bergamo D, Ciurlino D, Motta D, Russo D, Favaro E, Vigotti F, Ansali F, Conte F, Cianciotta F, Giacchino F, Cappellaio F, Pizzarelli F, Greco G, Porto G, Bigatti G, Marinangeli G, Cabiddu G, Fumagalli G, Caloro G, Piccoli G, Capasso G, Gambaro G, Tognarelli G, Bonforte G, Conte G, Toscano G, Del Rosso G, Capizzi I, Baragetti I, Oldrizzi L, Gesualdo L, Biancone L, Magnano M, Ricardi M, Bari MD, Laudato M, Sirico ML, Ferraresi M, Provenzano M, Malaguti M, Palmieri N, Murrone P, Cirillo P, Dattolo P, Acampora P, Nigro R, Boero R, Scarpioni R, Sicoli R, Malandra R, Savoldi S, Bertoli S, Borrelli S, Maxia S, Maffei S, Mangano S, Cicchetti T, Rappa T, Palazzo V, De Simone W, Schrander A, van Dam B, Siegert C, Gaillard C, Beerenhout C, Verburgh C, Janmaat C, Hoogeveen E, Hoorn E, Dekker F, Boots J, Boom H, Eijgenraam JW, Kooman J, Rotmans J, Jager K, Vogt L, Raasveld M, Vervloet M, van Buren M, van Diepen M, Chesnaye N, Leurs P, Voskamp P, van Esch S, Boorsma S, Berger S, Konings C, Aydin Z, Musiała A, Szymczak A, Olczyk E, Augustyniak-Bartosik H, Miśkowiec-Wiśniewska I, Manitius J, Pondel J, Jędrzejak K, Nowańska K, Nowak Ł, Szymczak M, Durlik M, Dorota S, Nieszporek T, Heleniak Z, Jonsson A, Rogland B, Wallquist C, Vargas D, Dimény E, Sundelin F, Uhlin F, Welander G, Hernandez IB, Gröntoft KC, Stendahl M, Svensson ME, Evans M, Heimburger O, Kashioulis P, Melander S, Almquist T, Woodman A, McKeever A, Ullah A, McLaren B, Harron C, Barrett C, O'Toole C, Summersgill C, Geddes C, Glowski D, McGlynn D, Sands D, Caskey F, Roy G, Hirst G, King H, McNally H, Masri-Senghor H, Murtagh H, Rayner H, Turner J, Wilcox J, Berdeprado J, Wong J, Banda J, Jones K, Haydock L, Wilkinson L, Carmody M, Weetman M, Joinson M, Dutton M, Matthews M, Morgan N, Bleakley N, Cockwell P, Roderick P, Mason P, Kalra P, Sajith R, Chapman S, Navjee S, Crosbie S, Brown S, Tickle S, Mathavakkannan S, Kuan Y. The association between TMAO, CMPF, and clinical outcomes in advanced chronic kidney disease: results from the European QUALity (EQUAL) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1842-1851. [PMID: 36166845 PMCID: PMC9761748 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite from red meat and fish consumption, plays a role in promoting cardiovascular events. However, data regarding TMAO and its impact on clinical outcomes are inconclusive, possibly due to its undetermined dietary source. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that circulating TMAO derived from fish intake might cause less harm compared with red meat sources by examining the concomitant level of 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF), a known biomarker of fish intake, and investigated the association between TMAO, CMPF, and outcomes. METHODS Patients were recruited from the European QUALity (EQUAL) Study on treatment in advanced chronic kidney disease among individuals aged ≥65 y whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) had dropped for the first time to ≤20 mL/min per 1.73 m2 during the last 6 mo. The association between TMAO, CMPF, and outcomes including all-cause mortality and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) was assessed among 737 patients. Patients were further stratified by median cutoffs of TMAO and CMPF, suggesting high/low red meat and fish intake. RESULTS During a median of 39 mo of follow-up, 232 patients died. Higher TMAO was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (multivariable HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.83). Higher CMPF was associated with a reduced risk of both all-cause mortality (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.89) and KRT (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.90), independently of TMAO and other clinically relevant confounders. In comparison to patients with low TMAO and CMPF, patients with low TMAO and high CMPF had reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.73), whereas those with high TMAO and high CMPF showed no association across adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS High CMPF conferred an independent role in health benefits and might even counteract the unfavorable association between TMAO and outcomes. Whether higher circulating CMPF concentrations are due to fish consumption, and/or if CMPF is a protective factor, remains to be verified.
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Marx C, Sonnemann J, Maddocks ODK, Marx-Blümel L, Beyer M, Hoelzer D, Thierbach R, Maletzki C, Linnebacher M, Heinzel T, Krämer OH. Global metabolic alterations in colorectal cancer cells during irinotecan-induced DNA replication stress. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 35787728 PMCID: PMC9251592 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic adaptations can allow cancer cells to survive DNA-damaging chemotherapy. This unmet clinical challenge is a potential vulnerability of cancer. Accordingly, there is an intense search for mechanisms that modulate cell metabolism during anti-tumor therapy. We set out to define how colorectal cancer CRC cells alter their metabolism upon DNA replication stress and whether this provides opportunities to eliminate such cells more efficiently. METHODS We incubated p53-positive and p53-negative permanent CRC cells and short-term cultured primary CRC cells with the topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan and other drugs that cause DNA replication stress and consequently DNA damage. We analyzed pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell death with flow cytometry. We evaluated cellular metabolism with immunoblotting of electron transport chain (ETC) complex subunits, analysis of mitochondrial mRNA expression by qPCR, MTT assay, measurements of oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metabolic flux analysis with the Seahorse platform. Global metabolic alterations were assessed using targeted mass spectrometric analysis of extra- and intracellular metabolites. RESULTS Chemotherapeutics that cause DNA replication stress induce metabolic changes in p53-positive and p53-negative CRC cells. Irinotecan enhances glycolysis, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial ETC activation, and ROS production in CRC cells. This is connected to increased levels of electron transport chain complexes involving mitochondrial translation. Mass spectrometric analysis reveals global metabolic adaptations of CRC cells to irinotecan, including the glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathways. P53-proficient CRC cells, however, have a more active metabolism upon DNA replication stress than their p53-deficient counterparts. This metabolic switch is a vulnerability of p53-positive cells to irinotecan-induced apoptosis under glucose-restricted conditions. CONCLUSION Drugs that cause DNA replication stress increase the metabolism of CRC cells. Glucose restriction might improve the effectiveness of classical chemotherapy against p53-positive CRC cells. The topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan and other chemotherapeutics that cause DNA damage induce metabolic adaptations in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells irrespective of their p53 status. Irinotecan enhances the glycolysis and oxygen consumption in CRC cells to deliver energy and biomolecules necessary for DNA repair and their survival. Compared to p53-deficient cells, p53-proficient CRC cells have a more active metabolism and use their intracellular metabolites more extensively. This metabolic switch creates a vulnerability to chemotherapy under glucose-restricted conditions for p53-positive cells.
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Gschwind A, Marx C, Just MD, Severin P, Behring H, Marx-Blümel L, Becker S, Rothenburger L, Förster M, Beck JF, Sonnemann J. Tight association of autophagy and cell cycle in leukemia cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:32. [PMID: 35382734 PMCID: PMC8981689 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in the response to cellular stress. Autophagy is also involved in cell cycle progression, yet the relationship between these processes is not clearly defined. Results In exploring this relationship, we observed that the inhibition of autophagy impaired the G2/M phase-arresting activity of etoposide but enhanced the G1 phase-arresting activity of palbociclib. We further investigated the connection of basal autophagy and cell cycle by utilizing the autophagosome tracer dye Cyto-ID in two ways. First, we established a double-labeling flow-cytometric procedure with Cyto-ID and the DNA probe DRAQ5, permitting the cell cycle phase-specific determination of autophagy in live cells. This approach demonstrated that different cell cycle phases were associated with different autophagy levels: G1-phase cells had the lowest level, and G2/M-phase cells had the highest one. Second, we developed a flow-cytometric cell-sorting procedure based on Cyto-ID that separates cell populations into fractions with low, medium, and high autophagy. Cell cycle analysis of Cyto-ID-sorted cells confirmed that the high-autophagy fraction contained a much higher percentage of G2/M-phase cells than the low-autophagy fraction. In addition, Cyto-ID-based cell sorting also proved to be useful for assessing other autophagy-related processes: extracellular flux analysis revealed metabolic differences between the cell populations, with higher autophagy being associated with higher respiration, higher mitochondrial ATP production, and higher glycolysis. Conclusion This work provides clear evidence of high autophagy in G2/M-phase cells by establishing a novel cell sorting technique based on Cyto-ID. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00334-8.
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Marx C. Lipid Metabolism Disorders. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:229. [PMID: 35773985 PMCID: PMC9342117 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Eveleens Maarse BC, Chesnaye NC, Schouten R, Michels WM, Bos WJW, Szymczak M, Krajewska M, Evans M, Heimburger O, Caskey FJ, Wanner C, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Meuleman Y, Schneider A, Torp A, Iwig B, Perras B, Marx C, Drechsler C, Blaser C, Wanner C, Emde C, Krieter D, Fuchs D, Irmler E, Platen E, Schmidt-Gürtler H, Schlee H, Naujoks H, Schlee I, Cäsar S, Beige J, Röthele J, Mazur J, Hahn K, Blouin K, Neumeier K, Anding-Rost K, Schramm L, Hopf M, Wuttke N, Frischmuth N, Ichtiaris P, Kirste P, Schulz P, Aign S, Biribauer S, Manan S, Röser S, Heidenreich S, Palm S, Schwedler S, Delrieux S, Renker S, Schättel S, Stephan T, Schmiedeke T, Weinreich T, Leimbach T, Stövesand T, Bahner U, Seeger W, Cupisti A, Sagliocca A, Ferraro A, Mele A, Naticchia A, Còsaro A, Ranghino A, Stucchi A, Pignataro A, De Blasio A, Pani A, Tsalouichos A, Antonio B, Di Iorio BR, Alessandra B, Abaterusso C, Somma C, D'alessandro C, Torino C, Zullo C, Pozzi C, Bergamo D, Ciurlino D, Motta D, Russo D, Favaro E, Vigotti F, Ansali F, Conte F, Cianciotta F, Giacchino F, Cappellaio F, Pizzarelli F, Greco G, Porto G, Bigatti G, Marinangeli G, Cabiddu G, Fumagalli G, Caloro G, Piccoli G, Capasso G, Gambaro G, Tognarelli G, Bonforte G, Conte G, Toscano G, Del Rosso G, Capizzi I, Baragetti I, Oldrizzi L, Gesualdo L, Biancone L, Magnano M, Ricardi M, Di Bari M, Laudato M, Sirico ML, Ferraresi M, Postorino M, Provenzano M, Malaguti M, Palmieri N, Murrone P, Cirillo P, Dattolo P, Acampora P, Nigro R, Boero R, Scarpioni R, Sicoli R, Malandra R, Savoldi S, Bertoli S, Borrelli S, Maxia S, Maffei S, Mangano S, Cicchetti T, Rappa T, Palazzo V, De Simone W, Schrander A, van Dam B, Siegert C, Gaillard C, Beerenhout C, Verburgh C, Janmaat C, Hoogeveen E, Hoorn E, Dekker F, Boots J, Boom H, Eijgenraam JW, Kooman J, Rotmans J, Jager K, Vogt L, Raasveld M, Vervloet M, van Buren M, van Diepen M, Chesnaye N, Leurs P, Voskamp P, Blankestijn P, van Esch S, Boorsma S, Berger S, Konings C, Aydin Z, Musiała A, Szymczak A, Olczyk E, Augustyniak-Bartosik H, Miśkowiec-Wiśniewska I, Manitius J, Pondel J, Jędrzejak K, Nowańska K, Nowak Ł, Szymczak M, Durlik M, Dorota S, Nieszporek T, Heleniak Z, Jonsson A, Blom AL, Rogland B, Wallquist C, Vargas D, Dimény E, Sundelin F, Uhlin F, Welander G, Hernandez IB, Gröntoft KC, Stendahl M, Svensson M, Evans M, Heimburger O, Kashioulis P, Melander S, Almquist T, Jensen U, Woodman A, McKeever A, Ullah A, McLaren B, Harron C, Barrett C, O'Toole C, Summersgill C, Geddes C, Glowski D, McGlynn D, Sands D, Caskey F, Roy G, Hirst G, King H, McNally H, Masri-Senghor H, Murtagh H, Rayner H, Turner J, Wilcox J, Berdeprado J, Wong J, Banda J, Jones K, Haydock L, Wilkinson L, Carmody M, Weetman M, Joinson M, Dutton M, Matthews M, Morgan N, Bleakley N, Cockwell P, Roderick P, Mason P, Kalra P, Sajith R, Chapman S, Navjee S, Crosbie S, Brown S, Tickle S, Mathavakkannan S, Kuan Y. Associations between depressive symptoms and disease progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL study. Clin Kidney J 2021; 15:786-797. [PMID: 35371440 PMCID: PMC8967670 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, few small studies have examined this association in patients with earlier phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied associations between baseline depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes in older patients with advanced CKD and examined whether these associations differed depending on sex. Methods CKD patients (≥65 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤20 mL/min/1.73 m2) were included from a European multicentre prospective cohort between 2012 and 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item Mental Health Inventory (cut-off ≤70; 0–100 scale). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to study associations between depressive symptoms and time to dialysis initiation, all-cause mortality and these outcomes combined. A joint model was used to study the association between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time. Analyses were adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results Overall kidney function decline in 1326 patients was –0.12 mL/min/1.73 m2/month. A total of 515 patients showed depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time (P = 0.08). Unlike women, men with depressive symptoms had an increased mortality rate compared with those without symptoms [adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.93)]. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with a higher hazard of dialysis initiation, or with the combined outcome (i.e. dialysis initiation and all-cause mortality). Conclusions There was no significant association between depressive symptoms at baseline and decline in kidney function over time in older patients with advanced CKD. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher mortality rate in men.
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Massy ZA, Chesnaye NC, Larabi IA, Dekker FW, Evans M, Caskey FJ, Torino C, Porto G, Szymczak M, Drechsler C, Wanner C, Jager KJ, Alvarez JC, Schneider A, Torp A, Iwig B, Perras B, Marx C, Drechsler C, Blaser C, Wanner C, Emde C, Krieter D, Fuchs D, Irmler E, Platen E, Schmidt-Gürtler H, Schlee H, Naujoks H, Schlee I, Cäsar S, Beige J, Röthele J, Mazur J, Hahn K, Blouin K, Neumeier K, Anding-Rost K, Schramm L, Hopf M, Wuttke N, Frischmuth N, Ichtiaris P, Kirste P, Schulz P, Aign S, Biribauer S, Manan S, Röser S, Heidenreich S, Palm S, Schwedler S, Delrieux S, Renker S, Schättel S, Stephan T, Schmiedeke T, Weinreich T, Leimbach T, Stövesand T, Bahner U, Seeger W, Cupisti A, Sagliocca A, Ferraro A, Mele A, Naticchia A, Còsaro A, Ranghino A, Stucchi A, Pignataro A, De Blasio A, Pani A, Tsalouichos A, Bellasi A, Di Iorio BR, Butti A, Abaterusso C, Somma C, D'alessandro C, Torino C, Zullo C, Pozzi C, Bergamo D, Ciurlino D, Motta D, Russo D, Favaro E, Vigotti F, Ansali F, Conte F, Cianciotta F, Giacchino F, Cappellaio F, Pizzarelli F, Greco G, Porto G, Bigatti G, Marinangeli G, Cabiddu G, Fumagalli G, Caloro G, Piccoli G, Capasso G, Gambaro G, Tognarelli G, Bonforte G, Conte G, Toscano G, Del Rosso G, Capizzi I, Baragetti I, Oldrizzi L, Gesualdo L, Biancone L, Magnano M, Ricardi M, Di Bari M, Laudato M, Sirico ML, Ferraresi M, Provenzano M, Malaguti M, Palmieri N, Murrone P, Cirillo P, Dattolo P, Acampora P, Nigro R, Boero R, Scarpioni R, Sicoli R, Malandra R, Savoldi S, Bertoli S, Borrelli S, Maxia S, Maffei S, Mangano S, Cicchetti T, Rappa T, Palazzo V, De Simone W, Schrander A, van Dam B, Siegert C, Gaillard C, Beerenhout C, Verburgh C, Janmaat C, Hoogeveen E, Hoorn E, Dekker F, Boots J, Boom H, Eijgenraam JW, Kooman J, Rotmans J, Jager K, Vogt L, Raasveld M, Vervloet M, van Buren M, van Diepen M, Chesnaye N, Leurs P, Voskamp P, Blankestijn P, van Esch S, Boorsma S, Berger S, Konings C, Aydin Z, Musiała A, Szymczak A, Olczyk E, Augustyniak-Bartosik H, Miśkowiec-Wiśniewska I, Manitius J, Pondel J, Jędrzejak K, Nowańska K, Nowak Ł, Szymczak M, Durlik M, Dorota S, Nieszporek T, Heleniak Z, Jonsson A, Blom AL, Rogland B, Wallquist C, Vargas D, Dimény E, Sundelin F, Uhlin F, Welander G, Hernandez IB, Gröntoft KC, Stendahl M, Svensson M, Evans M, Heimburger O, Kashioulis P, Melander S, Almquist T, Jensen U, Woodman A, McKeever A, Ullah A, McLaren B, Harron C, Barrett C, O'Toole C, Summersgill C, Geddes C, Glowski D, McGlynn D, Sands D, Caskey F, Roy G, Hirst G, King H, McNally H, Masri-Senghor H, Murtagh H, Rayner H, Turner J, Wilcox J, Berdeprado J, Wong J, Banda J, Jones K, Haydock L, Wilkinson L, Carmody M, Weetman M, Joinson M, Dutton M, Matthews M, Morgan N, Bleakley N, Cockwell P, Roderick P, Mason P, Kalra P, Sajith R, Chapman S, Navjee S, Crosbie S, Brown S, Tickle S, Mathavakkannan S, Kuan Y. The relationship between uremic toxins and symptoms in older men and women with advanced chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2021; 15:798-807. [PMID: 35371454 PMCID: PMC8967681 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from various symptoms. The retention of uremic solutes is thought to be associated with those symptoms. However, there are relatively few rigorous studies on the potential links between uremic toxins and symptoms in patients with CKD. Methods The EQUAL study is an ongoing observational cohort study of non-dialyzed patients with stage 4/5 CKD. EQUAL patients from Germany, Poland, Sweden and the UK were included in the present study (n = 795). Data and symptom self-report questionnaires were collected between April 2012 and September 2020. Baseline uric acid and parathyroid hormone and 10 uremic toxins were quantified. We tested the association between uremic toxins and symptoms and adjusted P-values for multiple testing. Results Symptoms were more frequent in women than in men with stage 4/5 CKD, while levels of various uremic toxins were higher in men. Only trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO; positive association with fatigue), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) with constipation and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (negative association with shortness of breath) demonstrated moderately strong associations with symptoms in adjusted analyses. The association of phenylacetylglutamine with shortness of breath was consistent in both sexes, although it only reached statistical significance in the full population. In contrast, TMAO (fatigue) and PCS and phenylacetylglutamine (constipation) were only associated with symptoms in men, who presented higher serum levels than women. Conclusion Only a limited number of toxins were associated with symptoms in persons with stage 4/5 CKD. Other uremic toxins, uremia-related factors or psychosocial factors not yet explored might contribute to symptom burden.
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Marx C, Sonnemann J, Beyer M, Maddocks ODK, Lilla S, Hauzenberger I, Piée‐Staffa A, Siniuk K, Nunna S, Marx‐Blümel L, Westermann M, Wagner T, Meyer FB, Thierbach R, Mullins CS, Kdimati S, Linnebacher M, Neri F, Heinzel T, Wang Z, Krämer OH. Mechanistic insights into p53-regulated cytotoxicity of combined entinostat and irinotecan against colorectal cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3404-3429. [PMID: 34258881 PMCID: PMC8637561 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a clinically challenging problem. The activity of the tumor suppressor p53 is regulated via post-translational modifications (PTMs). While the relevance of p53 C-terminal acetylation for transcriptional regulation is well defined, it is unknown whether this PTM controls mitochondrially mediated apoptosis directly. We used wild-type p53 or p53-negative human CRC cells, cells with acetylation-defective p53, transformation assays, CRC organoids, and xenograft mouse models to assess how p53 acetylation determines cellular stress responses. The topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan induces acetylation of several lysine residues within p53. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat synergistically triggers mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in irinotecan-treated p53-positive CRC cells. This specifically relies on the C-terminal acetylation of p53 by CREB-binding protein/p300 and the presence of C-terminally acetylated p53 in complex with the proapoptotic BCL2 antagonist/killer protein. This control of C-terminal acetylation by HDACs can mechanistically explain why combinations of irinotecan and entinostat represent clinically tractable agents for the therapy of p53-proficient CRC.
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Di Sanzo S, Spengler K, Leheis A, Kirkpatrick JM, Rändler TL, Baldensperger T, Dau T, Henning C, Parca L, Marx C, Wang ZQ, Glomb MA, Ori A, Heller R. Mapping protein carboxymethylation sites provides insights into their role in proteostasis and cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6743. [PMID: 34795246 PMCID: PMC8602705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational mechanisms play a key role in modifying the abundance and function of cellular proteins. Among these, modification by advanced glycation end products has been shown to accumulate during aging and age-associated diseases but specific protein targets and functional consequences remain largely unexplored. Here, we devise a proteomic strategy to identify sites of carboxymethyllysine modification, one of the most abundant advanced glycation end products. We identify over 1000 sites of protein carboxymethylation in mouse and primary human cells treated with the glycating agent glyoxal. By using quantitative proteomics, we find that protein glycation triggers a proteotoxic response and indirectly affects the protein degradation machinery. In primary endothelial cells, we show that glyoxal induces cell cycle perturbation and that carboxymethyllysine modification reduces acetylation of tubulins and impairs microtubule dynamics. Our data demonstrate the relevance of carboxymethyllysine modification for cellular function and pinpoint specific protein networks that might become compromised during aging.
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Csapo R, Heinrich D, Vigotsky AD, Marx C, Sinha S, Fink C. Developing a Technique for the Imaging-Based Measurement of ACL Elongation: A Proof of Principle. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112126. [PMID: 34829473 PMCID: PMC8622620 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the goal of obtaining non-invasive biomarkers reflecting the anterior cruciate ligament’s (ACL) loading capacity, this project aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based method facilitating the measurement of ACL elongations during the execution of knee stress tests. An MRI-compatible, computer-controlled, and pneumatically driven knee loading device was designed to perform Lachman-like tests and induce ACL strain. A human cadaveric leg was used for test purposes. During the execution of the stress tests, a triggered real-time cine MRI sequence with a temporal resolution of 10 Hz was acquired in a parasagittal plane to capture the resultant ACL elongations. To test the accuracy of these measurements, the results were compared to in situ data of ACL elongation that were acquired by measuring the length changes of a surgical wire directly sutured to the ACL’s anteromedial bundle. The MRI-based ACL elongations ranged between 0.7 and 1.7 mm and agreed very well with in situ data (root mean square errors, RMSEs ≤ 0.25 mm), although peak elongation rates were underestimated by the MRI (RMSEs 0.19–0.36 mm/s). The high accuracy of elongation measurements underlines the potential of the technique to yield an imaging-based biomarker of the ACL’s loading capacity.
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Hirsiger JR, Tamborrini G, Harder D, Bantug GR, Hoenger G, Recher M, Marx C, Li QZ, Martin I, Hess C, Scherberich A, Daikeler T, Berger CT. Chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix-specific autoimmunity following inadvertent periarticular influenza vaccination. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102714. [PMID: 34403915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. Immunizations mimic viral infections immunologically, but only in rare instances vaccinations coincide with the onset of autoimmunity. Inadvertent vaccine injection into periarticular shoulder tissue can cause inflammatory tissue damage ('shoulder injury related to vaccine administration, SIRVA). Thus, this accident provides a model to study if vaccine-induced pathogen-specific immunity accompanied by a robust inflammatory insult may trigger autoimmunity in specific genetic backgrounds. METHODS We studied 16 otherwise healthy adults with suspected SIRVA occurring following a single work-related influenza immunization campaign in 2017. We performed ultrasound, immunophenotypic analyses, HLA typing, and influenza- and self-reactivity functional immunoassays. Vaccine-related bone toxicity and T cell/osteoclast interactions were assessed in vitro. FINDINGS Twelve of the 16 subjects had evidence of inflammatory tissue damage on imaging, including bone erosions in six. Tissue damage was associated with a robust peripheral blood T and B cell activation signature and extracellular matrix-reactive autoantibodies. All subjects with erosions were HLA-DRB1*04 positive and showed extracellular matrix-reactive HLA-DRB1*04 restricted T cell responses targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). Antigen-specific T cells potently activated osteoclasts via RANK/RANK-L, and the osteoclast activation marker Trap5b was high in sera of patients with an erosive shoulder injury. In vitro, the vaccine component alpha-tocopheryl succinate recapitulated bone toxicity and stimulated osteoclasts. Auto-reactivity was transient, with no evidence of progression to rheumatoid arthritis or overt autoimmune disease. CONCLUSION Vaccine misapplication, potentially a genetic predisposition, and vaccine components contribute to SIRVA. The association with autoimmunity risk allele HLA-DRB1*04 needs to be further investigated. Despite transient autoimmunity, SIRVA was not associated with progression to autoimmune disease during two years of follow-up.
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Burkowsky M, Marx C. Applications for the Spinning-Drop Techhiue for Determining Low Interfacial Tension. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1978-150507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Marx C, Schaarschmidt MU, Kirkpatrick J, Marx-Blümel L, Halilovic M, Westermann M, Hoelzer D, Meyer FB, Geng Y, Buder K, Schadwinkel HM, Siniuk K, Becker S, Thierbach R, Beck JF, Sonnemann J, Wang ZQ. Cooperative treatment effectiveness of ATR and HSP90 inhibition in Ewing's sarcoma cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 33743824 PMCID: PMC7981928 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ewing's sarcoma is an aggressive childhood malignancy whose outcome has not substantially improved over the last two decades. In this study, combination treatments of the HSP90 inhibitor AUY922 with either the ATR inhibitor VE821 or the ATM inhibitor KU55933 were investigated for their effectiveness in Ewing's sarcoma cells. METHODS Effects were determined in p53 wild-type and p53 null Ewing's sarcoma cell lines by flow cytometric analyses of cell death, mitochondrial depolarization and cell-cycle distribution as well as fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. They were molecularly characterized by gene and protein expression profiling, and by quantitative whole proteome analysis. RESULTS AUY922 alone induced DNA damage, apoptosis and ER stress, while reducing the abundance of DNA repair proteins. The combination of AUY922 with VE821 led to strong apoptosis induction independent of the cellular p53 status, yet based on different molecular mechanisms. p53 wild-type cells activated pro-apoptotic gene transcription and underwent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, while p53 null cells accumulated higher levels of DNA damage, ER stress and autophagy, eventually leading to apoptosis. Impaired PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling further contributed to the antineoplastic combination effects of AUY922 and VE821. In contrast, the combination of AUY922 with KU55933 did not produce a cooperative effect. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that HSP90 and ATR inhibitor combination treatment may be an effective therapeutic approach for Ewing's sarcoma irrespective of the p53 status.
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Raghavendran V, Marx C, Olsson L, Bettiga M. The protective role of intracellular glutathione in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during lignocellulosic ethanol production. AMB Express 2020; 10:219. [PMID: 33331971 PMCID: PMC7745091 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the competitiveness of industrial lignocellulose ethanol production, robust enzymes and cell factories are vital. Lignocellulose derived streams contain a cocktail of inhibitors that drain the cell of its redox power and ATP, leading to a decrease in overall ethanol productivity. Many studies have attempted to address this issue, and we have shown that increasing the glutathione (GSH) content in yeasts confers tolerance towards lignocellulose inhibitors, subsequently increasing the ethanol titres. However, GSH levels in yeast are limited by feedback inhibition of GSH biosynthesis. Multidomain and dual functional enzymes exist in several bacterial genera and they catalyse the GSH biosynthesis in a single step without the feedback inhibition. To test if even higher intracellular glutathione levels could be achieved and if this might lead to increased tolerance, we overexpressed the genes from two bacterial genera and assessed the recombinants in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with steam pretreated spruce hydrolysate containing 10% solids. Although overexpressing the heterologous genes led to a sixfold increase in maximum glutathione content (18 µmol gdrycellmass−1) compared to the control strain, this only led to a threefold increase in final ethanol titres (8.5 g L− 1). As our work does not conclusively indicate the cause-effect of increased GSH levels towards ethanol titres, we cautiously conclude that there is a limit to cellular fitness that could be accomplished via increased levels of glutathione.
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Alder H, Marx C, Steurer J, Wertli M, Korner-Nievergelt P, Tamborrini G, Langenegger T, Eichholzer A, Andor M, Krebs A, Michel B, Wildi L. RheumaTool, a novel clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, and its first validation in a retrospective chart analysis. Swiss Med Wkly 2020; 150:w20369. [PMID: 33227823 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2020.20369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS RheumaTool is a clinical decision support system designed to support the diagnostic process in rheumatology by presenting a differential diagnosis list after the input of clinical information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of RheumaTool in detecting the correct diagnosis in referrals to a rheumatology clinic. METHODS In this retrospective chart analysis, data were gathered from patients with musculoskeletal complaints and an uncertain diagnosis who were referred to a Swiss tertiary rheumatology outpatient clinic. Data were entered into RheumaTool in a standardised fashion, while the principal diagnoses in the medical reports were blinded. RheumaTool’s output was compared to the correct diagnoses, established either by widely accepted diagnostic criteria or through the expert consensus of independent rheumatologists. Diagnostic precision, the primary endpoint, was defined as the proportion of correctly diagnosed cases among all cases. RESULTS One hundred and sixty cases with 46 different diseases were included in this analysis. RheumaTool correctly diagnosed 40% (95% confidence interval 32.4–48.1) of all cases. In 63.8% (95% confidence interval 55.7–71.1), the correct diagnosis was present in a differential diagnosis list consisting of a median of two diagnoses. CONCLUSION In this first validation, RheumaTool provides a useful list of differential diagnoses. However, there is not sufficient diagnostic reliability for unfiltered data entry, especially in patients with multiple concomitant musculoskeletal disorders. This must be taken into account when using RheumaTool.
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Husain RA, Grimmel M, Wagner M, Hennings JC, Marx C, Feichtinger RG, Saadi A, Rostásy K, Radelfahr F, Bevot A, Döbler-Neumann M, Hartmann H, Colleaux L, Cordts I, Kobeleva X, Darvish H, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Besse A, Ng ACH, Chiang D, Bolduc F, Tafakhori A, Mane S, Ghasemi Firouzabadi S, Huebner AK, Buchert R, Beck-Woedl S, Müller AJ, Laugwitz L, Nägele T, Wang ZQ, Strom TM, Sturm M, Meitinger T, Klockgether T, Riess O, Klopstock T, Brandl U, Hübner CA, Deschauer M, Mayr JA, Bonnen PE, Krägeloh-Mann I, Wortmann SB, Haack TB. Bi-allelic HPDL Variants Cause a Neurodegenerative Disease Ranging from Neonatal Encephalopathy to Adolescent-Onset Spastic Paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:364-373. [PMID: 32707086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report bi-allelic pathogenic HPDL variants as a cause of a progressive, pediatric-onset spastic movement disorder with variable clinical presentation. The single-exon gene HPDL encodes a protein of unknown function with sequence similarity to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Exome sequencing studies in 13 families revealed bi-allelic HPDL variants in each of the 17 individuals affected with this clinically heterogeneous autosomal-recessive neurological disorder. HPDL levels were significantly reduced in fibroblast cell lines derived from more severely affected individuals, indicating the identified HPDL variants resulted in the loss of HPDL protein. Clinical presentation ranged from severe, neonatal-onset neurodevelopmental delay with neuroimaging findings resembling mitochondrial encephalopathy to milder manifestation of adolescent-onset, isolated hereditary spastic paraplegia. All affected individuals developed spasticity predominantly of the lower limbs over the course of the disease. We demonstrated through bioinformatic and cellular studies that HPDL has a mitochondrial localization signal and consequently localizes to mitochondria suggesting a putative role in mitochondrial metabolism. Taken together, these genetic, bioinformatic, and functional studies demonstrate HPDL is a mitochondrial protein, the loss of which causes a clinically variable form of pediatric-onset spastic movement disorder.
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