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PigmentHunter: A point-and-click application for automated chlorophyll-protein simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154111. [PMID: 38639311 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll proteins (CPs) are the workhorses of biological photosynthesis, working together to absorb solar energy, transfer it to chemically active reaction centers, and control the charge-separation process that drives its storage as chemical energy. Yet predicting CP optical and electronic properties remains a serious challenge, driven by the computational difficulty of treating large, electronically coupled molecular pigments embedded in a dynamically structured protein environment. To address this challenge, we introduce here an analysis tool called PigmentHunter, which automates the process of preparing CP structures for molecular dynamics (MD), running short MD simulations on the nanoHUB.org science gateway, and then using electrostatic and steric analysis routines to predict optical absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra within a Frenkel exciton model. Inter-pigment couplings are evaluated using point-dipole or transition-charge coupling models, while site energies can be estimated using both electrostatic and ring-deformation approaches. The package is built in a Jupyter Notebook environment, with a point-and-click interface that can be used either to manually prepare individual structures or to batch-process many structures at once. We illustrate PigmentHunter's capabilities with example simulations on spectral line shapes in the light harvesting 2 complex, site energies in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein, and ring deformation in photosystems I and II.
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Fit for Purpose? The Suitability of Oral Health Outcome Measures to Inform Policy. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:190-192. [PMID: 37554046 PMCID: PMC10943604 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231189997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Oral health research and program evaluation should consider alternative outcome measures for population oral health other than the DMFT index.
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Amplitude Analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131801. [PMID: 38613276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the μ^{+}μ^{-} invariant mass squared. Long-distance contributions, which originate from nonfactorizable QCD processes, are systematically investigated, and the most accurate assessment to date of their impact on the physical observables is obtained. The pattern of measured corrections to the short-distance couplings is found to be consistent with previous analyses of b- to s-quark transitions, with the largest discrepancy from the standard model predictions found to be at the level of 1.8 standard deviations. The global significance of the observed differences in the decay is 1.4 standard deviations.
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[Pulmonary co-infection with Nocardia otitidiscaviarum and Aspergillus: a case report]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2024; 47:237-240. [PMID: 38448174 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230714-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nocardia is a rarely encountered opportunistic gram-positive bacterium that exhibits marked invasiveness and dissemination. Typically, acquired through trauma or inhalation, this pathogen primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and is a potentially life-threatening risk in severe cases. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum is a particularly rare subtype of Nocardia infection, and the occurrence of concurrent Aspergillus infection is extremely rare. In cases where both infections manifest concomitantly, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to facilitate the subsequent selection of appropriate anti-infective interventions. This paper reported the diagnostic and therapeutic experience in managing a case of pulmonary co-infection with Nocardia otitidiscaviarum and Aspergillus. The patient presented with an acute onset, rapid progression, and early manifestation of respiratory failure. The diagnostic process included respiratory pathogen culture and bronchoscopy, which was supplemented with targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). These comprehensive diagnostic modalities led to the identification of pulmonary co-infection with Nocardia otitidiscaviarum and Aspergillus. After adjustment of the antibiotic regimen, the patient's condition improved rapidly, culminating in a timely discharge.
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Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:102302. [PMID: 38518337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. The study covers the forward (1.5
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Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}^{0} Baryon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081802. [PMID: 38457722 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.08±0.51(stat)±0.40(syst)]%,B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[15.81±0.87(stat)±0.44(syst)±0.16(ext)]%. In addition, using the Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+} decay channel, the Ω_{c}^{0} baryon mass is measured to be M(Ω_{c}^{0})=2695.28±0.07(stat)±0.27(syst)±0.30(ext) MeV, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of 4.
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Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081901. [PMID: 38457697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.
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Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} Decays in the Vicinity of the ϕ(1020) Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:051802. [PMID: 38364143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.039±0.022±0.006 rad, ΔΓ_{s}=0.0845±0.0044±0.0024 ps^{-1}, and Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}=-0.0056_{-0.0015}^{+0.0013}±0.0014 ps^{-1}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase ϕ_{s} is also measured independently for each polarization state of the K^{+}K^{-} system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.
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Vegetation-fire feedbacks increase subtropical wildfire risk in scrubland and reduce it in forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119726. [PMID: 38052142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate dictates wildfire activity around the world. But East and Southeast Asia are an apparent exception as fire-activity variation there is unrelated to climatic variables. In subtropical China, fire activity decreased by 80% between 2003 and 2020 amid increased fire risks globally. Here, we assessed the fire regime, vegetation structure, fuel flammability and their interactions across subtropical Hubei, China. We show that tree basal area (TBA) and fuel flammability explained 60% of fire-frequency variance. Fire frequency and fuel flammability, in turn, explained 90% of TBA variance. These results reveal a novel system of scrubland-forest stabilized by vegetation-fire feedbacks. Frequent fires promote the persistence of derelict scrubland through positive vegetation-fire feedbacks; in forest, vegetation-fire feedbacks are negative and suppress fire. Thus, we attribute the decrease in wildfire activity to reforestation programs that concurrently increase forest coverage and foster negative vegetation-fire feedbacks that suppress wildfire.
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Measurement of CP Violation in B^{0}→ψ(→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-})K_{S}^{0}(→π^{+}π^{-}) Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:021801. [PMID: 38277604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} mesons to the final states J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0}, ψ(2S)(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0} and J/ψ(→e^{+}e^{-})K_{S}^{0} with K_{S}^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be S_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.717±0.013(stat)±0.008(syst) and C_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.008±0.012(stat)±0.003(syst). This measurement of S_{ψK_{S}^{0}} represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle β to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed.
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3D-DFM: Anchor-Free Multimodal 3-D Object Detection With Dynamic Fusion Module for Autonomous Driving. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2023; 34:10812-10822. [PMID: 35560081 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2022.3171553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cross-modal 3D object detection rely heavily on anchor-based methods, and however, intractable anchor parameter tuning and computationally expensive postprocessing severely impede an embedded system application, such as autonomous driving. In this work, we develop an anchor-free architecture for efficient camera-light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 3D object detection. To highlight the effect of foreground information from different modalities, we propose a dynamic fusion module (DFM) to adaptively interact images with point features via learnable filters. In addition, the 3D distance intersection-over-union (3D-DIoU) loss is explicitly formulated as a supervision signal for 3D-oriented box regression and optimization. We integrate these components into an end-to-end multimodal 3D detector termed 3D-DFM. Comprehensive experimental results on the widely used KITTI dataset demonstrate the superiority and universality of 3D-DFM architecture, with competitive detection accuracy and real-time inference speed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that incorporates an anchor-free pipeline with multimodal 3D object detection.
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Observation of New Baryons in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} and Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171901. [PMID: 37955487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The first observation and study of two new baryonic structures in the final state Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} and the confirmation of the Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-} state in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} decay mode are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. In addition, the properties of the known Ξ_{b}^{*0}, Ξ_{b}^{'-} and Ξ_{b}^{*-} resonances are measured with improved precision. The new decay mode of the Ξ_{b}^{0} baryon to the Ξ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+} π^{-} final state is observed and exploited for the first time in these measurements.
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Precision Measurement of CP Violation in the Penguin-Mediated Decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171802. [PMID: 37955501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ is performed using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The CP-violating phase and direct CP-violation parameter are measured to be ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.042±0.075±0.009 rad and |λ|=1.004±0.030±0.009, respectively, assuming the same values for all polarization states of the ϕϕ system. In these results, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb measurements using pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.074±0.069 rad and |λ|=1.009±0.030. This is the most precise study of time-dependent CP violation in a penguin-dominated B meson decay. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and with the standard model predictions.
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Measurement of the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} Differential Branching Fraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151801. [PMID: 37897753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The branching fraction of the rare decay Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals q^{2}, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. The result in the highest q^{2} interval, q^{2}>15.0 GeV^{2}/c^{4}, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.
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Prognostic Value of Tumor Volume Reduction during Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in Different Risk Groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e527. [PMID: 37785639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the risk factors of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) undergoing radical radiotherapy (with or without concurrent chemotherapy) and to assess the prognostic value of tumor volume regression (TVR) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in different risk groups. MATERIALS/METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 176 individuals diagnosed with stage IIA-IVA cervical cancer (CC) who underwent radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy in our center between January 2012 and December 2020. The tumor volume before radiotherapy (TVp) and before brachytherapy (TVmid) were evaluated based on three-dimensional MRI images, TVR = (TVp -TVmid)/TVp × 100%. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess patient's overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Prognostic factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS For the entire cohort, patients with TVR ≥ 94% had better 5-year OS (82.7% vs 49.8%, p<0.001) and 5-year PFS (82.5% vs 51.1%, p<0.001) compared to TVR < 94%. Patients with TVR ≥ 94% were more likely to receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) than those with TVR < 94% (70.1% vs 40.5%, p<0.05). Among patients undergoing CCRT, those with a TVR ≥ 94% had a better prognosis than those with a TVR < 94%. However, among patients who received RT alone, those with TVR ≥ 94% had better PFS but no statistically significant difference in OS. Likewise, among patients with CYFRA21-1 < 7.7 ng/ml, patients with TVR ≥ 94% had a better prognosis. However, TVR was not a prognostic factor in patients with CYFRA21-1 ≥ 7.7 ng/ml. Both CYFRA21-1 (OS, PFS interaction, p<0.001) and FIGO stage (PFS interaction, p = 0.035) were found to significantly impact predictive effects of TVR. CONCLUSION In LACC patients with CRYFA21-1 < 7.7 ng/ml who received CCRT, TVR was an important prognostic factor. However, in patients with CRYFA21-1 ≥ 7.7 ng/ml who received RT alone, the prognostic value of TVR needs to be further explored.
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Projected Lifetime Earnings of a Radiation Oncologist. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e636. [PMID: 37785897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The estimated lifetime earnings of a radiation oncologist depend on many choices and have not been calculated. The objective of this work is to project the year-by-year and cumulative lifetime earnings of a US-based radiation oncologist based on various career pathways. MATERIALS/METHODS We modeled lifetime earnings based on undergraduate training (reference: assumes starting at age 18, tuition/loans of $40,000 x 4 years), MD/DO (reference: assumes tuition/loans of $55,000 x 4 years, 8% interest) vs MD/PhD program (assumes no tuition, $30,000 yearly stipend x 8 years), gap year(s), fellowship, employment paths (academic, private practice, hospital employed, physician scientist with NIH salary cap), adjustable salary during employment (based on 2016-2018 AAMC and MGMA; e.g., promotion for academic track, partnership for private practice), adjustable state and federal income taxes, loan repayment options (e.g., out of pocket, NIH loan repayment program [LRP], public service loan forgiveness [PSLF]). The primary outcome was cumulative lifetime earnings, and additional analyses were conducted based on changes in career paths. We created a web-based application to simulate the various choices using R Shiny: https://physician-earnings.shinyapps.io/rshiny/. RESULTS For an academic radiation oncologist, assuming MD/DO degree, national average of $220,000 in loans at medical school graduation, 5% state income tax, no gap years, pursuing PSLF, starting as assistant professor, 7 year promotion until associate professor, and 7 subsequent year promotion to full professor, and retirement age of 65, the post-tax median lifetime earnings are $9,610,675 (IQR $8,097,433 - $10,885,824), with $5,242,653 federal + state taxes. With the private practice setting, the median lifetime earnings are $11,383,781 (IQR $9,875,040 - $13,325,316). As a hospital employee, the median lifetime earnings are $8,834,886 (IQR $8,127,132 - $10,166,145). As an NIH-salary capped physician scientist, the median lifetime earnings are $4,678,668 (IQR not provided, given one set cap). Using the academic track as the reference group, the median lifetime earnings would change as follows: $9,333,434 (IQR $7,876,310 - $10,572,388) for those who pursue one paid undergraduate gap year; $9,125,590 (IQR $7,822,115 - $10,274,801) for those who pursue MD/PhD programs; $10,365,300 (IQR $8,725,954 - $11,746,712) for those with 0% state income tax during practice; and $9,565,364 (IQR $7,875,284 - $10,802,830) for those who repay their loans out of pocket at 50% of their attending salary. PSLF and NIH LRP allow one to cross a net worth of $0 by their mid-30s; pursuit of fellowship, starting as an instructor in academics, salary in bottom quartile %, paying loans out of pocket, and gap years all delay this landmark by 1-4 years. NIH-salary capped positions have the largest negative impact on lifetime earnings, by > $5,000,000. CONCLUSION We created a model to estimate lifetime earnings of a radiation oncologist in the US.
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TROG 15.03/ANZUP International Multicenter Phase II Trial of Focal Ablative STereotactic RAdiotherapy for Cancers of the Kidney (FASTRACK II). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S3. [PMID: 37784470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging non-invasive alternative for primary renal cell cancer (RCC) in patients unsuitable for surgery. The objective of the FASTRACK II clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of SBRT for primary RCC. MATERIALS/METHODS This non-randomized, intergroup multi-institutional phase II study was activated in 7 Australian centers and 1 Dutch center, through the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) and the Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP). Eligible patients had biopsy confirmed diagnosis of primary RCC with a single lesion within a kidney, ECOG performance ≤2 and were medically inoperable, high risk or declined surgery. For tumors ≤4 cm a single fraction of 26 Gy was prescribed, for tumors > 4 cm, 42 Gy in three fractions was prescribed. The primary outcome of the study was to estimate the efficacy of SBRT for primary RCC, defined as local control based on RECIST criteria. The study was powered assuming that 1-year local control would be 90%, with the null hypothesis of ≤80% considered undesirable and not worthy of proceeding to a future randomized controlled trial. RESULTS Between July 2016 and February 2020, 70 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 42 months. Median age was 77 years. Forty-nine patients were male (70%), median BMI was 32 and median Charlson comorbidity score was 7. The median [IQR] RENAL complexity score was 8 [7-10]. Biopsy confirmation was 100%. Twenty-three patients (33%) had T1a disease. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) tumor size was 4.6cm [3.7-5.5]; it was 3.3cm [3.0-3.6] in those receiving single fraction (n = 23), and 5.3cm [4.6-6.0] in those receiving 3-fraction SBRT (n = 47). During real-time pre-treatment quality assurance review, 10 cases (14.3%) required resubmission for protocol deviation, 2119 variables were assessed at final review, and final protocol compliance was 99.3%. Seven (10%) patients experienced grade 3 treatment-related adverse events, with no grade 4 or 5 events observed. Eleven (16%) patients reported no adverse events. Local control was 100% throughout the lifetime of the trial (p<0.001). Cancer-specific survival was also 100% throughout the lifetime of the trial. Freedom from distant failure (95% CIs) at 1 and 3 years was 99% (90-100%). Overall survival (95% CIs) at 1 and 3 years was 99% (90-100%) and 82% (70-89%), respectively. Baseline mean eGFR (95% CI) was 61.1 mLs/min (56.6; 65.6) and reduced by -10.8 mLs/min (-13.0; -8.6) by 1-year, by -14.6 mLs/min (-17.0; -12.2) by 2-years and plateaued thereafter. CONCLUSION In the first multicenter prospective trial of a non-surgical primary RCC cohort, enrolling mostly T1b+ disease, SBRT was an effective treatment strategy with no observed local failures. We observed an acceptable side effect profile and renal function after SBRT. These outcomes support the design of a future randomized clinical trial of SBRT versus surgery for primary RCC. The trial was registered with ID: NCT02613819.
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The Association of Time Interval between Surgery and Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy with pCR and Overall Survival for Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e316. [PMID: 37785134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To determine the best time interval between neoadjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and surgery that is associated with the highest rate of complete pathological response (pCR) and evaluate its impact on overall survival (OS) for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. We hypothesize that the longer interval the higher pCR and a higher pCR is associated with a higher OS. MATERIALS/METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to extract data on patients diagnosed with stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the anus, rectum, or rectosigmoid between 2004-2019 and who had ≤ 24 weeks' time interval between neoadjuvant RT and surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with achieving pCR and odds ratios (OR) were reported as a measure of association between the covariates of interest and the outcome of achieving pCR. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their associated 95% confidence intervals. The multivariable analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, race, income, education, facility type, insurance status, comorbidity score, place of living, chemotherapy's sequence with surgery and RT, and year of diagnosis. RESULTS Among 28,656 patients, 4,455 (15.6%) achieved pCR. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, patients who received surgery between 5-8 weeks, 9-12 weeks, 13-16 weeks, 17-20 weeks, or 21-24 weeks after the completion of RT were more likely to achieve pCR compared to < = 4 weeks (ORs: 1.63, 2.16, 1.82, 1.73, 1.75, respectively, p<0.001 for all) with OR being the highest for the 9-12 weeks interval. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients who achieved pCR had comparable OS regardless of when the surgery took place between < = 4 to 24 weeks after completing RT compared to < = 4 weeks after RT. Among patients who did not achieve pCR, OS was only similar if surgery was received between 5-8 weeks or 9-12 weeks after RT compared to < = 4 weeks after RT (HR: 0.90, p = 0.19 and HR: 1.02, p = 0.78 respectively). However, surgery between 13-16 weeks after RT, 71-20 weeks or 21-24 weeks after RT was associated with worse OS compared to < = 4 weeks after RT (HRs: 1.30, 1.67, 1.79, respectively, p<0.01). CONCLUSION In the current study, we found that among patients who achieve pCR, OS does not depend on the time interval between the completion of RT and receipt of surgery, while among patients who do not achieve pCR, delaying surgery >12 weeks is associated with reduced OS. An interval of 9-12 weeks was the best optimal time as it was associated with the highest OR of achieving pCR and better OS compared to other interval times.
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Observation of New Ω_{c}^{0} States Decaying to the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} Final State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:131902. [PMID: 37831985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.131902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new excited states, Ω_{c}(3185)^{0} and Ω_{c}(3327)^{0}, are observed in the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} invariant-mass spectrum using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Five previously observed excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are confirmed, namely Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3065)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. The masses and widths of these seven states are measured with the highest precision to date.
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Evidence of a J/ψK_{S}^{0} Structure in B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:131901. [PMID: 37832008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Evidence with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations of a structure in the J/ψK_{S}^{0} system, named T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0}, is seen, with its mass and width measured to be 3991_{-10}^{+12} _{-17}^{+9} MeV/c^{2} and 105_{-25}^{+29} _{-23}^{+17} MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0} state is likely to be the isospin partner of the T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{+} state, previously observed in the J/ψK^{+} system of the B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} decay. When isospin symmetry for the charged and neutral T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000) states is assumed, the signal significance increases to 5.4 standard deviations.
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Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions R(D^{*}) and R(D^{0}). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:111802. [PMID: 37774262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The ratios of branching fractions R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and R(D^{0})≡B(B^{-}→D^{0}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B^{-}→D^{0}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν_{τ}ν[over ¯]_{μ}. The measured values are R(D^{*})=0.281±0.018±0.024 and R(D^{0})=0.441±0.060±0.066, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is ρ=-0.43. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model.
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Measurement of the Prompt D^{0} Nuclear Modification Factor in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:102301. [PMID: 37739372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The production of prompt D^{0} mesons in proton-lead collisions in both the forward and backward rapidity regions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The nuclear modification factor of prompt D^{0} mesons is determined as a function of the transverse momentum p_{T}, and the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame y^{*}. In the forward rapidity region, significantly suppressed production with respect to pp collisions is measured, which provides significant constraints on models of nuclear parton distributions and hadron production down to the very low Bjorken-x region of ∼10^{-5}. In the backward rapidity region, a suppression with a significance of 2.0-3.8 standard deviations compared to parton distribution functions in a nuclear environment expectations is found in the kinematic region of p_{T}>6 GeV/c and -3.25
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Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6×1021 protons on target. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2023; 83:782. [PMID: 37680254 PMCID: PMC10480298 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in δ CP , and just below 2 σ using a flat prior in sin δ CP . When the external constraint on sin 2 θ 13 is removed, sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
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TransCrack: revisiting fine-grained road crack detection with a transformer design. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220172. [PMID: 37454681 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior convolution-based road crack detectors typically learn more abstract visual representation with increasing receptive field via an encoder-decoder architecture. Despite the promising accuracy, progressive spatial resolution reduction causes semantic feature blurring, leading to coarse and incontiguous distress detection. To these ends, an alternative sequence-to-sequence perspective with a transformer network termed TransCrack is introduced for road crack detection. Specifically, an image is decomposed into a grid of fixed-size crack patches, which is flattened with position embedding into a sequence. We further propose a pure transformer-based encoder with multi-head reduced self-attention modules and feed-forward networks for explicitly modelling long-range dependencies from the sequential input in a global receptive field. More importantly, a simple decoder with cross-layer aggregation architecture is developed to incorporate global with local attentions across different regions for detailed feature recovery and pixel-wise crack mask prediction. Empirical studies are conducted on three publicly available damage detection benchmarks. The proposed TransCrack achieves a state-of-the-art performance over all counterparts by a substantialmargin, and qualitative results further demonstrate its superiority in contiguous crack recognition and fine-grained profile extraction. This article is part of the theme issue 'Artificial intelligence in failure analysis of transportation infrastructure and materials'.
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Measurement of the Time-Integrated CP Asymmetry in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091802. [PMID: 37721849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The time-integrated CP asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The D^{0} mesons are required to originate from promptly produced D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays, and the charge of the companion pion is used to determine the flavor of the charm meson at production. The time-integrated CP asymmetry is measured to be A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})=[6.8±5.4±1.6]×10^{-4} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The direct CP asymmetries in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d} and a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}, are derived by combining A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+}) with the time-integrated CP asymmetry difference, ΔA_{CP}=A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})-A_{CP}(π^{-}π^{+}), and other inputs, giving a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d}=(7.7±5.7)×10^{-4},a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}=(23.2±6.1)×10^{-4},with a correlation coefficient corresponding to ρ=0.88. The compatibility of these results with CP symmetry is 1.4 and 3.8 standard deviations for D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, respectively. This is the first evidence for direct CP violation in a specific D^{0} decay.
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Measurement of the Branching Fractions B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]) and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091901. [PMID: 37721819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Searches for the rare hadronic decays B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Significances of 9.3σ and 4.0σ, including statistical and systematic uncertainties, are obtained for the B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] signals, respectively. The branching fractions are measured relative to the topologically similar normalization decays B^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])K^{*0}(→K^{+}π^{-}) and B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])ϕ(→K^{+}K^{-}). The branching fractions are measured to be B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.2±0.4±0.1±0.1)×10^{-8} and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.3±1.0±0.2±0.1)×10^{-8}. In these measurements, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third one is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel.
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[Progress in the treatment of early gastric cancer with Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2023; 26:798-802. [PMID: 37574299 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20230504-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
With the introduction of minimally invasive methods into the field of surgery, the concept of early gastric cancer (EGC) treating has gradually changed from the pursuit of standardized traditional surgical methods to precise, individualized, interdisciplinary collaborative management. Both endoscopic therapy and laparoscopic surgery have their limitations for early gastric cancer treatment. Meanwhile, Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) combines the advantages of endoscopy and laparoscopy to perform local gastric resection and regional lymph node dissection, providing a more effective surgical approach for radical resection of early gastric cancer. The application of LECS in the treatment of early gastric cancer has been increasing, from the initial laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection to the evolvement of a variety of improved procedures such as combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approach for neoplasia with a non-exposure technique, non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery, and the possibility of combined (sentinel lymph node drainage area) regional lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node navigation surgery, which expands the indications for endoscopic surgery and maximizes the preservation of normal gastric tissue structure and function while ensuring radical treatment, and will certainly become an important development direction in the treatment of early gastric cancer in the future.
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Observation of a Resonant Structure near the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Threshold in the B^{+}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-}K^{+} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:071901. [PMID: 37656865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of the B^{+}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-}K^{+} decay is carried out to study for the first time its intermediate resonant contributions, using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. A near-threshold peaking structure, referred to as X(3960), is observed in the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} invariant-mass spectrum with significance greater than 12 standard deviations. The mass, width, and the quantum numbers of the structure are measured to be 3956±5±10 MeV, 43±13±8 MeV, and J^{PC}=0^{++}, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The properties of the new structure are consistent with recent theoretical predictions for a state composed of cc[over ¯]ss[over ¯] quarks. Evidence for an additional structure is found around 4140 MeV in the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} invariant mass, which might be caused either by a new resonance with the 0^{++} assignment or by a J/ψϕ↔D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} coupled-channel effect.
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Evidence for Modification of b Quark Hadronization in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:061901. [PMID: 37625046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The production rate of B_{s}^{0} mesons relative to B^{0} mesons is measured by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV over the forward rapidity interval 2
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Test of Lepton Universality in b→sℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:051803. [PMID: 37595222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using B^{+}→K^{+}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} and B^{0}→K^{*0}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, q^{2}. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given q^{2} interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.
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Differentiation between normal and abnormal kidneys using 99mTc-DMSA SPECT with deep learning in paediatric patients. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:584-589. [PMID: 37244824 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the feasibility of using deep learning (DL) to differentiate normal from abnormal (or scarred) kidneys using technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) in paediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred and one 99mTc-DMSA renal SPECT examinations were reviewed retrospectively. The 301 patients were split randomly into 261, 20, and 20 for training, validation, and testing data, respectively. The DL model was trained using three-dimensional (3D) SPECT images, two-dimensional (2D) maximum intensity projections (MIPs), and 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) MIPs (i.e., transverse, sagittal, and coronal views). Each DL model was trained to determine renal SPECT images into either normal or abnormal. Consensus reading results by two nuclear medicine physicians served as the reference standard. RESULTS The DL model trained by 2.5D MIPs outperformed that trained by either 3D SPECT images or 2D MIPs. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the 2.5D model for the differentiation between normal and abnormal kidneys were 92.5%, 90% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION The experimental results suggest that DL has the potential to differentiate normal from abnormal kidneys in children using 99mTc-DMSA SPECT imaging.
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First Observation of a Doubly Charged Tetraquark and Its Neutral Partner. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041902. [PMID: 37566831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays B^{0}→D[over ¯]^{0}D_{s}^{+}π^{-} and B^{+}→D^{-}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}, which are related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Two new resonant states with masses of 2.908±0.011±0.020 GeV and widths of 0.136±0.023±0.013 GeV are observed, which decay to D_{s}^{+}π^{+} and D_{s}^{+}π^{-} respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content [cs[over ¯]ud[over ¯]], and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of [cs[over ¯]u[over ¯]d] quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity of 0^{+}, and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests that they belong to an isospin triplet.
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Search for Rare Decays of D^{0} Mesons into Two Muons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041804. [PMID: 37566853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A search for the very rare D^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. The search is optimized for D^{0} mesons from D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays but is also sensitive to D^{0} mesons from other sources. No evidence for an excess of events over the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of this decay is set at B(D^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-})<3.1×10^{-9} at a 90% C.L. This represents the world's most stringent limit, constraining models of physics beyond the standard model.
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Observation of a J/ψΛ Resonance Consistent with a Strange Pentaquark Candidate in B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:031901. [PMID: 37540878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.031901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] decays is performed using 4400 signal candidates selected on a data sample of pp collisions recorded at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. A narrow resonance in the J/ψΛ system, consistent with a pentaquark candidate with strangeness, is observed with high significance. The mass and the width of this new state are measured to be 4338.2±0.7±0.4 MeV and 7.0±1.2±1.3 MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The spin is determined to be 1/2 and negative parity is preferred. Because of the small Q-value of the reaction, the most precise single measurement of the B^{-} mass to date, 5279.44±0.05±0.07 MeV, is obtained.
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Childhood-Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short-Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1553-1562. [PMID: 36775844 PMCID: PMC10500561 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to characterize short-term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis. METHODS We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded. RESULTS We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8-29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers. CONCLUSION In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short-term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long-term kidney outcomes.
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[Etiologies of extreme thrombocytosis in children: a retrospective study]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:344-346. [PMID: 37357007 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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Late Complication of Graft Versus Host Disease after Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Search for the Pair Production of Dark Particles X with K_{L}^{0}→XX, X→γγ. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:111801. [PMID: 37001070 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the first search for the pair production of dark particles X via K_{L}^{0}→XX with X decaying into two photons using the data collected by the KOTO experiment. No signal was observed in the mass range of 40-110 MeV/c^{2} and 210-240 MeV/c^{2}. This sets upper limits on the branching fractions as B(K_{L}^{0}→XX)<(1-4)×10^{-7} and B(K_{L}^{0}→XX)<(1-2)×10^{-6} at the 90% confidence level for the two mass regions, respectively.
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Xanthotoxol alleviates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Neurochirurgie 2023; 69:101426. [PMID: 36921390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2023.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage and inflammation are two critical mechanisms underlying secondary brain injury (SBI) following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Xanthotoxol is reported to alleviate brain edema and inhibit inflammatory responses. Herein, we investigated the effects of xanthotoxol and its related mechanisms in SBI post-ICH. METHODS To explore the clinical effects of xanthotoxol an animal model of ICH was established. Neurological scores, survival rates and brain water content were measured. Inflammatory responses and oxidative damage in the peri-hemorrhagic areas were determined by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative related factors. The activation of the M1/M2 phenotype was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Xanthotoxol improved the neurological functions and reduced cerebral edema in ICH mice. Additionally, xanthotoxol inhibited microglia activation and promotes microglial phagocytosis. Simultaneously, xanthotoxol promoted the transformation of BV2 cells from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype, and protected BV2 cells against hemin-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, xanthotoxol inactivated the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in the hemin-challenged BV2 cells. CONCLUSION Xanthotoxol ameliorates SBI post-ICH by suppressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and enhancing microglial phagocytosis through inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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[Prevalence of Anisakise infections in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2023; 35:78-81. [PMID: 36974019 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infection in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province, so as to provide insights into the development of the anisakiasis control strategy. METHODS Marine fish samples were randomly collected from Jiaocheng District, Fuding City and Xiapu County around Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground in Fujian Province from September to December, 2021. All fishes were dissected, and the abdominal contents were collected. Parasites were sampled under a stereomicroscope and the Anisakis species were identified through morphology. The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were calculated. RESULTS A total of 177 marine fishes belonging to 24 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 73 marine fishes (41.2%) belonging to 16 species (66.7%), with a mean infection intensity of 14.3 parasites per fish. High prevalence of Anisakis infection was found in Ilisha elongata (5/5), Miichthys miiuy (3/3), Plectorhynchus cinctus (2/2), Scomberomorus niphonius (12/13), Trichiurus lepturus (19/23), Pennahia argentata (6/11) and Ditrema temmincki (14/27), with mean infection intensities of 9.2, 2.7, 4.5, 10.9, 39.2, 4.5 parasites per fish and 2.1 parasites per fish. The Anisakis larvae were characterized as Anisakis and Hysterothylacium. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of Anisakis infection is detected in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province. The health education pertaining to food health is required to be reinforced to prevent the development of human anisakiasis.
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011 Targeted inhibition of complement C3 deposition at the basement membrane zone in pemphigoid disease. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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BCL11B Upregulates the Expression of RelA in T Cells Stimulated with Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:259-264. [PMID: 36602602 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We explored the potential link between RelA and BCL11B transcription factors. To this end, Jurkat and Raji cells (Jurkat:Raji 10:1), as well as normal human peripheral blood T cells, were activated by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and the expressions of both BCL11B and RelA mRNA and proteins were detected. BCL11B small interfering RNA was then transduced into Jurkat cells. Under the effect of SEA stimulation, the expression of BCL11B and RelA mRNA increased in two types of T cell lines over time, and the results were comparable with the levels of expression of BCL11B and RelA proteins. In the BCL11B-knockdown cells, the expression of RelA protein did not increase. These findings suggest that BCL11B regulates RelA expression in Jurkat cells and human peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors via the T-cell receptor signaling pathway.
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Intraarticular steroids as DMARD-sparing agents for juvenile idiopathic arthritis flares: Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 36434731 PMCID: PMC9701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who achieve a drug free remission often experience a flare of their disease requiring either intraarticular steroids (IAS) or systemic treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). IAS offer an opportunity to recapture disease control and avoid exposure to side effects from systemic immunosuppression. We examined a cohort of patients treated with IAS after drug free remission and report the probability of restarting systemic treatment within 12 months. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of patients from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry who received IAS for a flare after a period of drug free remission. Historical factors and clinical characteristics and of the patients including data obtained at the time of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of those with follow up data available 49% had restarted systemic treatment 6 months after IAS injection and 70% had restarted systemic treatment at 12 months. The proportion of patients with prior use of a biologic DMARD was the only factor that differed between patients who restarted systemic treatment those who did not, both at 6 months (79% vs 35%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (81% vs 33%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION While IAS are an option for all patients who flare after drug free remission, it may not prevent the need to restart systemic treatment. Prior use of a biologic DMARD may predict lack of success for IAS. Those who previously received methotrexate only, on the other hand, are excellent candidates for IAS.
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CANCER RISK WITH TOPICAL PIMECROLIMUS AND TACROLIMUS FOR ATOPIC DERMATITIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND BAYESIAN META-ANALYSIS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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IRF4 GENE REARRANGEMANT IN PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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386 Common Health-Harming Legal Needs of Patients Seeking Care in the Emergency Department: Support for Emergency Department-Based Medical-Legal Partnerships. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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896P Multiple radiomic biomarkers-based machine learning model to predict responses of surufatinib-treated advanced neuroendocrine tumor (NET): A multicenter exploratory study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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663P Camrelizumab plus apatinib in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma failing first-line therapy: An open-label, single-arm, phase II study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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First Measurement of the Z→μ^{+}μ^{-} Angular Coefficients in the Forward Region of pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:091801. [PMID: 36083649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The first study of the angular distribution of μ^{+}μ^{-} pairs produced in the forward rapidity region via the Drell-Yan reaction pp→γ^{*}/Z+X→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-}+X is presented, using data collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb^{-1}. The coefficients of the five leading terms in the angular distribution are determined as a function of the dimuon transverse momentum and rapidity. The results are compared to various theoretical predictions of the Z-boson production mechanism and can also be used to probe transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions within the proton.
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480 The spectrum of oligogenic variants in the RAS pathway in a PHACE cohort. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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