1
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Hughes HQ, Christman ND, Dalia TN, Ellison CK, Dalia AB. The PilT retraction ATPase promotes both extension and retraction of the MSHA type IVa pilus in Vibrio cholerae. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010561. [PMID: 36542674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse bacterial species use type IVa pili (T4aP) to interact with their environments. The dynamic extension and retraction of T4aP is critical for their function, but the mechanisms that regulate this dynamic activity remain poorly understood. T4aP are typically extended via the activity of a dedicated extension motor ATPase and retracted via the action of an antagonistic retraction motor ATPase called PilT. These motors are generally functionally independent, and loss of PilT commonly results in T4aP hyperpiliation due to undeterred pilus extension. However, for the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) T4aP of Vibrio cholerae, the loss of PilT unexpectedly results in a loss of surface piliation. Here, we employ a combination of genetic and cell biological approaches to dissect the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrate that PilT is necessary for MSHA pilus extension in addition to its well-established role in promoting MSHA pilus retraction. Through a suppressor screen, we also provide genetic evidence that the MshA major pilin impacts pilus extension. Together, these findings contribute to our understanding of the factors that regulate pilus extension and describe a previously uncharacterized function for the PilT motor ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Q Hughes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas D Christman
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Triana N Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Courtney K Ellison
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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2
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Ellison CK, Fei C, Dalia TN, Wingreen NS, Dalia AB, Shaevitz JW, Gitai Z. Subcellular localization of type IV pili regulates bacterial multicellular development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6334. [PMID: 36284096 PMCID: PMC9596432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, subcellular protein localization of factors like planar cell polarity proteins is a key driver of the multicellular organization of tissues. Bacteria also form organized multicellular communities, but these patterns are largely thought to emerge from regulation of whole-cell processes like growth, motility, cell shape, and differentiation. Here we show that a unique intracellular patterning of appendages known as type IV pili (T4P) can drive multicellular development of complex bacterial communities. Specifically, dynamic T4P appendages localize in a line along the long axis of the cell in the bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi. This long-axis localization is regulated by a functionally divergent chemosensory Pil-Chp system, and an atypical T4P protein homologue (FimV) bridges Pil-Chp signaling and T4P positioning. We further demonstrate through modeling and empirical approaches that subcellular T4P localization controls how individual cells interact with one another, independently of T4P dynamics, with different patterns of localization giving rise to distinct multicellular architectures. Our results reveal how subcellular patterning of single cells regulates the development of multicellular bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K. Ellison
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XPresent Address: Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Chenyi Fei
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Triana N. Dalia
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Ned S. Wingreen
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Ankur B. Dalia
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Joshua W. Shaevitz
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Zemer Gitai
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
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3
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Ellison CK, Whitfield GB, Brun YV. Type IV Pili: Dynamic Bacterial Nanomachines. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6425739. [PMID: 34788436 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and archaea rely on appendages called type IV pili (T4P) to participate in diverse behaviors including surface sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, protein secretion, and motility across surfaces. T4P are broadly distributed fibers that dynamically extend and retract, and this dynamic activity is essential for their function in broad processes. Despite the essentiality of dynamics in T4P function, little is known about the role of these dynamics and molecular mechanisms controlling them. Recent advances in microscopy have yielded insight into the role of T4P dynamics in their diverse functions and recent structural work has expanded what is known about the inner workings of the T4P motor. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the function, regulation, and mechanisms of T4P dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Ellison
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory B Whitfield
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves V Brun
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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4
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Lam T, Ellison CK, Eddington DT, Brun YV, Dalia AB, Morrison DA. Competence pili in Streptococcus pneumoniae are highly dynamic structures that retract to promote DNA uptake. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:381-396. [PMID: 33754381 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The competence pili of transformable Gram-positive species are phylogenetically related to the diverse and widespread class of extracellular filamentous organelles known as type IV pili. In Gram-negative bacteria, type IV pili act through dynamic cycles of extension and retraction to carry out diverse activities including attachment, motility, protein secretion, and DNA uptake. It remains unclear whether competence pili in Gram-positive species exhibit similar dynamic activity, and their mechanism of action for DNA uptake remains unclear. They are hypothesized to either (1) leave transient cavities in the cell wall that facilitate DNA passage, (2) form static adhesins to enrich DNA near the cell surface for subsequent uptake by membrane-embedded transporters, or (3) play an active role in translocating bound DNA via dynamic activity. Here, we use a recently described pilus labeling approach to demonstrate that competence pili in Streptococcus pneumoniae are highly dynamic structures that rapidly extend and retract from the cell surface. By labeling the principal pilus monomer, ComGC, with bulky adducts, we further demonstrate that pilus retraction is essential for natural transformation. Together, our results suggest that Gram-positive competence pili in other species may also be dynamic and retractile structures that play an active role in DNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney K Ellison
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David T Eddington
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Donald A Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Floyd KA, Lee CK, Xian W, Nametalla M, Valentine A, Crair B, Zhu S, Hughes HQ, Chlebek JL, Wu DC, Hwan Park J, Farhat AM, Lomba CJ, Ellison CK, Brun YV, Campos-Gomez J, Dalia AB, Liu J, Biais N, Wong GCL, Yildiz FH. c-di-GMP modulates type IV MSHA pilus retraction and surface attachment in Vibrio cholerae. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1549. [PMID: 32214098 PMCID: PMC7096442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae facilitates environmental persistence, and hyperinfectivity within the host. Biofilm formation is regulated by 3',5'-cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) and requires production of the type IV mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pilus. Here, we show that the MSHA pilus is a dynamic extendable and retractable system, and its activity is directly controlled by c-di-GMP. The interaction between c-di-GMP and the ATPase MshE promotes pilus extension, whereas low levels of c-di-GMP correlate with enhanced retraction. Loss of retraction facilitated by the ATPase PilT increases near-surface roaming motility, and impairs initial surface attachment. However, prolonged retraction upon surface attachment results in reduced MSHA-mediated surface anchoring and increased levels of detachment. Our results indicate that c-di-GMP directly controls MshE activity, thus regulating MSHA pilus extension and retraction dynamics, and modulating V. cholerae surface attachment and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Floyd
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., BioMed 245, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujing Xian
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mahmoud Nametalla
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, Room 307NE, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aneesa Valentine
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, Room 307NE, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin Crair
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, Advanced Biosciences Center 211, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, Advanced Biosciences Center 211, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Hannah Q Hughes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington, 1001 East Third St., Jordan Hall 469A, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jennifer L Chlebek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington, 1001 East Third St., Jordan Hall 469A, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Daniel C Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., BioMed 245, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jin Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., BioMed 245, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Ali M Farhat
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Charles J Lomba
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Courtney K Ellison
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington, 1001 East Third St., Jordan Hall 469A, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, 355 Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Javier Campos-Gomez
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., MCLM 702, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington, 1001 East Third St., Jordan Hall 469A, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, Advanced Biosciences Center 211, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Nicolas Biais
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, Room 307NE, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Fitnat H Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., BioMed 245, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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6
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Ellison CK, Kan J, Chlebek JL, Hummels KR, Panis G, Viollier PH, Biais N, Dalia AB, Brun YV. A bifunctional ATPase drives tad pilus extension and retraction. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaay2591. [PMID: 31897429 PMCID: PMC6920026 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A widespread class of prokaryotic motors powered by secretion motor adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) drives the dynamic extension and retraction of extracellular fibers, such as type IV pili (T4P). Among these, the tight adherence (tad) pili are critical for surface sensing and biofilm formation. As for most other motors belonging to this class, how tad pili retract despite lacking a dedicated retraction motor ATPase has remained a mystery. Here, we find that a bifunctional pilus motor ATPase, CpaF, drives both activities through adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. We show that mutations within CpaF result in a correlated reduction in the rates of extension and retraction that directly scales with decreased ATP hydrolysis and retraction force. Thus, a single motor ATPase drives the bidirectional processes of pilus fiber extension and retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K. Ellison
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jingbo Kan
- Biology Department, CUNY Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Chlebek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Katherine R. Hummels
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Gaёl Panis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick H. Viollier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Biais
- Biology Department, CUNY Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ankur B. Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yves V. Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Quebec, Canada
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7
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Ellison CK, Dalia TN, Dalia AB, Brun YV. Real-time microscopy and physical perturbation of bacterial pili using maleimide-conjugated molecules. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1803-1819. [PMID: 31028374 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria use surface-exposed, proteinaceous fibers called pili for diverse behaviors, including horizontal gene transfer, surface sensing, motility, and pathogenicity. Visualization of these filamentous nanomachines and their activity in live cells has proven challenging, largely due to their small size. Here, we describe a broadly applicable method for labeling and imaging pili and other surface-exposed nanomachines in live cells. This technique uses a combination of genetics and maleimide-based click chemistry in which a cysteine substitution is made in the major pilin subunit for subsequent labeling with thiol-reactive maleimide dyes. Large maleimide-conjugated molecules can also be used to physically interfere with the dynamic activity of filamentous nanomachines. We describe parameters for selecting cysteine substitution positions, optimized labeling conditions for epifluorescence imaging of pilus fibers, and methods for impeding pilus activity. After cysteine knock-in strains have been generated, this protocol can be completed within 30 min to a few hours, depending on the species and the experiment of choice. Visualization of extracellular nanomachines such as pili using this approach can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role played by these structures in distinct bacterial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Triana N Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Berne C, Ellison CK, Agarwal R, Severin GB, Fiebig A, Morton RI, Waters CM, Brun YV. Feedback regulation of Caulobacter crescentus holdfast synthesis by flagellum assembly via the holdfast inhibitor HfiA. Mol Microbiol 2018; 110:219-238. [PMID: 30079982 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To permanently attach to surfaces, Caulobacter crescentusproduces a strong adhesive, the holdfast. The timing of holdfast synthesis is developmentally regulated by cell cycle cues. When C. crescentusis grown in a complex medium, holdfast synthesis can also be stimulated by surface sensing, in which swarmer cells rapidly synthesize holdfast in direct response to surface contact. In contrast to growth in complex medium, here we show that when cells are grown in a defined medium, surface contact does not trigger holdfast synthesis. Moreover, we show that in a defined medium, flagellum synthesis and regulation of holdfast production are linked. In these conditions, mutants lacking a flagellum attach to surfaces over time more efficiently than either wild-type strains or strains harboring a paralyzed flagellum. Enhanced adhesion in mutants lacking flagellar components is due to premature holdfast synthesis during the cell cycle and is regulated by the holdfast synthesis inhibitor HfiA. hfiA transcription is reduced in flagellar mutants and this reduction is modulated by the diguanylate cyclase developmental regulator PleD. We also show that, in contrast to previous predictions, flagella are not necessarily required for C. crescentus surface sensing in the absence of flow, and that arrest of flagellar rotation does not stimulate holdfast synthesis. Rather, our data support a model in which flagellum assembly feeds back to control holdfast synthesis via HfiA expression in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner under defined nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Berne
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Courtney K Ellison
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Radhika Agarwal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Severin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert I Morton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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9
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10
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Ellison CK, Dalia TN, Vidal Ceballos A, Wang JCY, Biais N, Brun YV, Dalia AB. Retraction of DNA-bound type IV competence pili initiates DNA uptake during natural transformation in Vibrio cholerae. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:773-780. [PMID: 29891864 PMCID: PMC6582970 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Triana N Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alfredo Vidal Ceballos
- Biology Department, CUNY Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Biais
- Biology Department, CUNY Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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11
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Ellison CK, Kan J, Dillard RS, Kysela DT, Ducret A, Berne C, Hampton CM, Ke Z, Wright ER, Biais N, Dalia AB, Brun YV. Obstruction of pilus retraction stimulates bacterial surface sensing. Science 2018; 358:535-538. [PMID: 29074778 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is critical for bacteria to recognize surface contact and initiate physiological changes required for surface-associated lifestyles. Ubiquitous microbial appendages called pili are involved in sensing surfaces and facilitating downstream behaviors, but the mechanism by which pili mediate surface sensing has been unclear. We visualized Caulobacter crescentus pili undergoing dynamic cycles of extension and retraction. Within seconds of surface contact, these cycles ceased, which coincided with synthesis of the adhesive holdfast required for attachment. Physically blocking pili imposed resistance to pilus retraction, which was sufficient to stimulate holdfast synthesis without surface contact. Thus, to sense surfaces, bacteria use the resistance on retracting, surface-bound pili that occurs upon surface contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Ellison
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jingbo Kan
- Biology Department, CUNY Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.,Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca S Dillard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David T Kysela
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Adrien Ducret
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5086, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Cecile Berne
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Cheri M Hampton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zunlong Ke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicolas Biais
- Biology Department, CUNY Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.,Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Organismal fitness requires functional integration of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Structural and regulatory elements coevolve within lineages and several studies have found that interpopulation hybridization disrupts mitonuclear interactions. Because mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRPOL) plays key roles in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and transcription, the interaction between mtRPOL and coevolved regulatory sites in the mtDNA may be central to mitonuclear integration. Here, we generate interpopulation hybrids between divergent populations of the copepod Tigriopus californicus to obtain lines having different combinations of mtRPOL and mtDNA. Lines were scored for mtDNA copy number and ATP6 (mtDNA) gene expression. We find that there is a genotype-dependent negative association between mitochondrial transcriptional response and mtDNA copy number. We argue that an observed increase in mtDNA copy number and reduced mtDNA transcription in hybrids reflects the regulatory role of mtRPOL; depending on the mitonuclear genotype, hybridization may disrupt the normal balance between transcription and replication of the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ellison
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Burton RS, Ellison CK, Harrison JS. The sorry state of F2 hybrids: consequences of rapid mitochondrial DNA evolution in allopatric populations. Am Nat 2007; 168 Suppl 6:S14-24. [PMID: 17109325 DOI: 10.1086/509046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Through the processes of natural selection and genetic drift, allopatric populations diverge genetically and may ultimately become reproductively incompatible. In cases of prezygotic reproductive isolation, candidate systems for speciation genes logically include genes involved in mate or gamete recognition. However, where only postzygotic isolation exists, candidate speciation genes could include any genes that affect hybrid performance. We hypothesize that because mitochondrial genes frequently evolve more rapidly than the nuclear genes with which they interact, interpopulation hybridization might be particularly disruptive to mitochondrial function. Understanding the potential impact of intergenomic (nuclear and mitochondrial) coadaptation on the evolution of allopatric populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus has required a broadly integrative research program; here we present the results of experiments spanning the spectrum of biological organization in order to demonstrate the consequences of molecular evolution on physiological performance and organismal fitness. We suggest that disruption of mitochondrial function, known to result in a diverse set of human diseases, may frequently underlie reduced fitness in interpopulation and interspecies hybrids in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Burton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA.
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