Effects of non-nutritive sucking habits on malocclusions: a systematic review

The development of the craniomandibular system is guided by genetic interactions and environmental factors, including specific habits such as breastfeeding, bottle feeding, thumb sucking and the use of pacifiers. These habits can have a considerable impact on the growth of the developing jaws and can lead to malocclusion in children. This review aims to investigate potential associations between non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSHs) and malocclusions compared to the presence of nutritive sucking habits (NSHs). To carry out this systematic review, we followed the PRISMA protocol and performed a bibliographic search of the existing literature until April 2023 in the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Embase. Out of a total of 153 records, we included 21 studies. We found that the chances of diagnosing a malocclusion were higher for children with bottle nutrition when compared to breast-fed children. Breastfeeding provides protection against malocclusions. In the same manner, persistent NNSH habits appeared to be associated with increased chances of having malocclusions. The longer the child was breastfed, the shorter the duration of the pacifier habit and the lower the risk of developing moderate/severe malocclusions. The duration of the habits has a positive influence on the appearance of occlusion defects.

[Impact of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical dysplasia on sexual function]

OBJECTIVE

To assess the consequences of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) on the quality of sexual life.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A prospective observational study in two university hospital departments in Marseille, France, including women requiring a LEEP. Sexual quality of life was assessed before LEEP and three months after the procedure with a self-administered validated questionnaire: the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W).

RESULTS

Among the 100 women included, 69 filled both questionnaires. Among the 69 women whose outcomes were available, composite BISF-W score was significantly lower before LEEP than three months after LEEP (28.3±13 vs 30.1±13.2; P=0.01). The items scores concerning desire (D1) and orgasm (D5) were significantly improved after LEEP (4.3±2.3 vs 5±2.2 [P<0.001] and 4.3±2.5 vs 4.7±2.6 [P<0.001]).

CONCLUSIONS

This study found an improved quality of sexual life after LEEP. These findings suggest that the psychological impact of HPV infection on sexual function is greater than the anatomical and functional impact of LEEP.

[Acute vulvar ulcer of Lipschütz: a misdiagnosis entity]

Acute vulvar ulcer or Lipschütz ulcer has been described in 1917 [1]. Clinical pattern is characterized by a prodromic period, with hyperthermia, malaise, headache, odynophagia, myalgia and cough before the apparition of vulvar localization. Vulvar ulcer is classically deep, painful, necrotic, with edema and adenopathy in an adolescent or young woman without any previous sexual contact. Epstein-Barr Virus is the first etiology, but some authors have suggested other infections. Differential diagnosis has to be made with other sexually transmitted pathology, Behçet disease and Crohn disease. Gynecologist and dermatologist should be aware of this diagnosis to avoid unconscionable treatment and reassure patient and family about sexual transmission.