[Forensic medical characteristic of hanging incidents among juvenile]

THE AIM OF THE STUDY

Was to conduct the epidemiological analysis of juveniles' deaths by hanging, registered in the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise, Moscow for 2017-2021 years. The number of incidents equal 61 was revealed (2.65% of whole hanging incidents for the researched period). The amount of hanging deaths among juveniles and their percent in the total quantity of deaths from this type of strangulated asphyxia increased in 2017, 2018 and 2019 years to 8 (1.6%), 15 (3.1%) and 18 (3.6%) incidents respectively; decreased in 2020 year to 7 (1.7%) incidents and increased again in 2021 year to 13 (3.0%) incidents. Juveniles died by hanging were mostly male (73.8%) aged from 15 to 18 years (63.9%). The median age for girls was 16 years (IQR 15.0-16.75) and for boys 15 years (IQR 13.0-16.5). Most of juveniles' corps were found in their place of residence: in apartments or residential houses (the whole number was 49 or 80.4%). Generally, juvenile hanging occurred between November and January (36.1% of all incidents) and in April (11.5%); less frequently were in February (1.6%), June and July (9.8%). Alcohol was found in blood of 18.2% juveniles aged from 15 to 18.

[Chromatographic analysis of hard tooth tissue to determine the age of personality]

The biochemical approach for age assessment is most appropriate in forensic medicine, as racemization of aspartic acid in bones and teeth is closely related to human biological age. The aim of the study is to assess the biochemical parameters of aspartic acid in human teeth, which can be implemented into forensic practice in Russia. Samples of dentin in amount of 20, taken from the teeth of subjects aged between 16 and 76, were examined. Chromatographic analysis of the samples was performed on a gas chromatograph using chiral column. Statistical data processing showed that the relative squared peak of D-aspartic acid has a strong correlation with human biological age. Data, obtained from the Russian population study, demonstrate the applicability of chromatography for forensic purposes. It should be noted that the approach to the racemization rate estimation in the hard tooth tissue was performed using standard laboratory equipment, which allows to easily implement this method in forensic medical practice.

Structural Analysis of Peripheral Organs of the Immune System in the Assessment of Grippol Vaccine Safety

The safety of Grippol vaccine was assessed by macro- and microscopic methods in the experiment. The morphological features of group lymphoid nodules of the small intestine were studied on days 4, 7, 14 and 30 after vaccination. The structural morphological dynamics of lymphoid tissue under these conditions is shown. Because of the use of the vaccine, the lymphocytopoietic processes in the body are activated, which indicates the formation of an immune response.

[220th anniversary of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Sechenov University]

The article presents a review of scientific and educational activities of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Sechenov University in different historical periods of establishment and development. The information about founders of the domestic forensic medicine, who held the position of the head of the department in the period from 1804 to 2024, their contribution to the development of forensic medical science and the main scientific research directions is given. The modern stage of the department's existence under the leadership of Yu.I. Pigolkin is marked by new successes and scientific achievements based on continuity and preservation of the department's traditions for 220 years.

[Dissection technique for organs of the neck in hanging]

The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive dissection technique to examine the deep structures of the neck in hanging, including extraction of the cervical spine and investigation of the removed segment with access to vertebral arteries and spinal cord. Its advantages include the unnecessity of any special instruments usage, the short period of time, which is necessary for performing dissection techniques, as well as the possible detailed examination of the spine, spinal cord and vertebral arteries. The improved dissection technique simplifies the diagnosis of injuries and increases the objectivity of the forensic medical examination in hanging.

[Forensic characteristic of drowning cases in the Russian Federation for the period from 2013 to 2022]

OBJECTIVE

To study forensic characteristic of drowning mortality cases in the Russian Federation for the period from 2013 to 2022.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Dynamics and territorial specificity of drowning (in absolute values and in terms of 100 thous. population), proportion of histological examinations, cases of ethanol detection in the blood upon the occurrence of death by drowning and the proportion of children under 14 years among deceased from drowning.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The evidence suggests the necessity for intersectoral approaches of preventive measures creation. The results of the study could be used to establish a monitoring system as part of a national water safety strategy.

[Fatal injury to the neck while working with an angle grinder]

A fatal accident using an angle grinder is presented. During the forensic medical examination of the corpse, a soft tissue wound of the neck was found, localized in the region of its anterior and right lateral surfaces, with damage to the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, sternocleidomastoid and sternothyroid muscles, thyroid lobe, incomplete transection of the trachea and esophagus caused by the rotating disc of an angle grinder. This observation supplements the existing ideas about injuries caused by power tools, as well as the possibility of reconstructing an event based on a comprehensive assessment of data from the scene.

[E.O. MUKHIN - AN OUTSTANDING RUSSIAN ANATOMIST AND CLINICIAN (ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 250th BIRTHDAY ANNIVERSARY)]

Efim Osipovich Mukhin is an outstanding representative of Russian medical science who made an important contribution to the development of anatomo-physiological studies, establishment of surgery and traumatology as independent medical disciplines in this country, introduction of smallpox vaccination and aseptics into clinical practice as well as to the improvement of teaching medicine at universities.

[Forensic assessment of neck organs alterations in hanging depending on the noose position]

OBJECTIVE

To reveal statistical patterns in the localization of alterations in organs and tissues of the neck in hanging depending on the noose location.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In this study 222 forensic examination reports of corpses of those who died from hanging, conducted in the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of Moscow Oblast for 2019, were investigated. Standard methods of mathematical statistics, including Mann-Whitney U Test and the Fisher's Exact Test, were used for calculations. Sex and age characteristics of hanging cases were given.

RESULTS

Retrospective statistical analysis has shown that the pattern of injuries revealed in organs and tissues of the neck both depends (in cases of Amussat's sign) and does not depend (in cases of hemorrhages in the legs of sternocleidomastoid muscle, fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage, Martin's sign) on the noose position.

CONCLUSION

The obtained results can be used to develop measures aimed at improving the quality of forensic examination of hanging cases.