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Pietsch J, Scheffel K, Acquarone D, Koch I, Deters M, Hermanns-Clausen M. Entwicklung des Missbrauchs psychotroper Pflanzen und Pilze in Deutschland – Interpretation der Zahlen aus 3 Giftinformationszentren für die Jahre 2007–2013. Gesundheitswesen 2018; 80:532-539. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Durch eine Fülle von Informationen im Internet sind psychotrope Pflanzen und Pilze von steigender Bedeutung als legale und billige Alternative zu klassischen Rauschdrogen. Da Daten zum Missbrauch biogener Rauschdrogen in Deutschland bisher fehlen, wurden entsprechende Fallberichte von drei deutschen Giftinformationszentren (GIZ) untersucht.
Methodik: Die Daten der durch die GIZ in Berlin, Erfurt und Freiburg zwischen 2007 und 2013 erfassten Missbrauchsverdachtsfälle (MVF) mit ausgewählten biogenen Rauschdrogen wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: 602 MVF mit biogenen Rauschdrogen wurden durch die GIZ dokumentiert. Davon entfielen 52% auf die Exposition tropanalkaloidhaltiger Pflanzen (Engelstrompete, Stechapfel, Tollkirsche), 25% auf psilocybinhaltige Pilze und 10% auf Muskatnuss. Am häufigsten wurden Expositionen mit Engelstrompete berichtet. Tropanalkaloidhaltige Pflanzen werden überwiegend von Jugendlichen konsumiert, wohingegen psilocybinhaltige Pilze in der Mehrzahl von jungen Erwachsenen und Muskatnuss mehrheitlich von Schulkindern zu Missbrauchszwecken aufgenommen werden. Nach dem Abusus von Engelstrompete, Stechapfel und Tollkirsche traten in 55% der Fälle mittelschwere und schwere Symptome auf. Durch die GIZ erfolgte in mehr als 90% der MVF mit tropanalkaloidhaltigen Pflanzen und psilocybinhaltigen Pilzen eine Therapieempfehlung zur stationären Behandlung. Mydriasis, Halluzinationen, Tachykardie und Agitiertheit wurden als häufigste Symptome nach der missbräuchlichen Aufnahme biogener Drogen identifiziert.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Daten der 3 GIZ lassen einen Rückschluss zum Missbrauch biogener Drogen in Teilen Deutschlands zu. Der Abusus biogener Drogen zeigt insgesamt eine abnehmende Tendenz, was wahrscheinlich mit dem zunehmenden Aufkommen neuer synthetischer Designerdrogen („Legal Highs“) zusammenhängt. Engelstrompete wurde am häufigsten missbräuchlich aufgenommen, was die Bedeutung einer leichten Verfügbarkeit beim Abusus von Pflanzen und Pilzen unterstreicht. Die steigende Tendenz der missbräuchlichen Exposition von Muskatnuss kann als überraschendes Ergebnis bewertet werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pietsch
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - K. Scheffel
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - D. Acquarone
- Giftnotruf, Charite-Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Berlin
| | - I. Koch
- Giftnotruf, Charite-Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Berlin
| | - M. Deters
- Giftnotruf, c/o HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt GmbH, Erfurt
| | - M. Hermanns-Clausen
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Vergiftungs-Informations-Zentrale, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
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Niedhammer I, David S, Degioanni S, Drummond A, Philip P, Acquarone D, Aicardi F, André-Mazeaud P, Arsento M, Astier R, Baille H, Bajon-Thery F, Barre E, Basire C, Battu JL, Baudry S, Beatini C, Beaud'huin N, Becker C, Bellezza D, Beque C, Bernstein O, Beyssier C, Blanc-Cascio F, Blanchet N, Blondel C, Boisselot R, Bordes-Dupuy G, Borrelly N, Bouhnik D, Boulanger MF, Boulard J, Bourreau P, Bourret D, Boustière AM, Breton C, Bugeon G, Buono-Michel M, Canonne JF, Capella D, Cavin-Rey M, Cervoni C, Charreton D, Charrier D, Chauvin MA, Chazal B, Cougnot C, Cuvelier G, Dalivoust G, Daumas R, Debaille A, De Bretteville L, Delaforge G, Delchambre A, Domeny L, Donati Y, Ducord-Chapelet J, Duran C, Durand-Bruguerolle D, Fabre D, Faivre A, Falleri R, Ferrando G, Ferrari-Galano J, Flutet M, Fouché JP, Fournier F, Freyder E, Galy M, Garcia A, Gazazian G, Gérard C, Girard F, Giuge M, Goyer C, Gravier C, Guyomard A, Hacquin MC, Halimi E, Ibagnes T, Icart P, Jacquin MC, Jaubert B, Joret JP, Julien JP, Kacel M, Kesmedjian E, Lacroix P, Lafon-Borelli M, Lallai S, Laudicina J, Leclercq X, Ledieu S, Leroy J, Leroyer L, Loesche F, Londi D, Longueville JM, Lotte MC, Louvain S, Lozé M, Maculet-Simon M, Magallon G, Marcelot V, Mareel MC, Martin P, Masse AM, Méric M, Milliet C, Mokhtari R, Monville AM, Muller B, Obadia G, Pelser M, Peres L, Perez E, Peyron M, Peyronnin F, Postel S, Presseq P, Pyronnet E, Quinsat C, Raulot-Lapointe H, Rigaud P, Robert F, Robert O, Roger K, Roussel A, Roux JP, Rubini-Remigy D, Sabaté N, Saccomano-Pertus C, Salengro B, Salengro-Trouillez P, Samsom E, Sendra-Gille L, Seyrig C, Stoll G, Tarpinian N, Tavernier M, Tempesta S, Terracol H, Torresani F, Triglia MF, Vandomme V, Vieillard F, Vilmot K, Vital N. Workplace bullying and psychotropic drug use: the mediating role of physical and mental health status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 55:152-63. [PMID: 21177264 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meq086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between workplace bullying and psychotropic drug use is not well established. This study was aimed at exploring the association between workplace bullying, and its characteristics, and psychotropic drug use and studying the mediating role of physical and mental health. METHODS The study population consisted of a random sample of 3132 men and 4562 women of the working population in the south-east of France. Workplace bullying, evaluated using the validated instrument elaborated by Leymann, and psychotropic drug use, as well as covariates, were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Covariates included age, marital status, presence of children, education, occupation, working hours, night work, physico-chemical exposures at work, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis and was carried out separately for men and women. RESULTS Workplace bullying was strongly associated with psychotropic drug use. Past exposure to bullying increased the risk for this use. The more frequent and the longer the exposure to bullying, the stronger the association with psychotropic drug use. Observing bullying on someone else at the workplace was associated with psychotropic drug use. Adjustment for covariates did not modify the results. Additional adjustment for self-reported health and depressive symptoms reduced the magnitude of the associations, especially for men. CONCLUSIONS The association between bullying and psychotropic drug use was found to be significant and strong and was partially mediated by physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1018, CESP Centre for research in epidemiology and population health, Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health team, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France.
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Niedhammer I, David S, Degioanni S, Drummond A, Philip P, Acquarone D, Aicardi F, André-Mazeaud P, Arsento M, Astier R, Baille H, Bajon-Thery F, Barre E, Basire C, Battu JL, Baudry S, Beatini C, Beaud'huin N, Becker C, Bellezza D, Beque C, Bernstein O, Beyssier C, Blanc-Cascio F, Blanchet N, Blondel C, Boisselot R, Bordes-Dupuy G, Borrelly N, Bouhnik D, Boulanger MF, Boulard J, Borreau P, Bourret D, Boustière AM, Breton C, Bugeon G, Buono-Michel M, Canonne JF, Capella D, Cavin-Rey M, Cervoni C, Charreton D, Charrier D, Chauvin MA, Chazal B, Cougnot C, Cuvelier G, Dalivoust G, Daumas R, Debaille A, De Bretteville L, Delaforge G, Delchambre A, Domeny L, Donati Y, Ducord-Chapelet J, Duran C, Durand-Bruguerolle D, Fabre D, Faivre A, Falleri R, Ferrando G, Ferrari-Galano J, Flutet M, Fouché JP, Fournier F, Freyder E, Galy M, Garcia A, Gazazian G, Gérard C, Girard F, Giuge M, Goyer C, Gravier C, Guyomard A, Hacquin MC, Halimi E, Ibagnes T, Icart P, Jacquin MC, Jaubert B, Joret JP, Julien JP, Kacel M, Kesmedjian E, Lacroix P, Lafon-Borelli M, Lallai S, Laudicina J, Leclercq X, Ledieu S, Leroy J, Leroyer L, Loesche F, Londi D, Longueville JM, Lotte MC, Louvain S, Lozé M, Maculet-Simon M, Magallon G, Marcelot V, Mareel MC, Martin P, Masse AM, Méric M, Milliet C, Mokhtari R, Monville AM, Muller B, Obadia G, Pelser M, Peres L, Perez E, Peyron M, Peyronnin F, Postel S, Presseq P, Pyronnet E, Quinsat C, Raulot-Lapointe H, Rigaud P, Robert F, Robert O, Roger K, Roussel A, Roux JP, Rubini-Remigy D, Sabate N, Saccomano-Pertus C, Salengro B, Salengro-Trouillez P, Samson E, Sendra-Gille L, Seyrig C, Stoll G, Tarpinian N, Tavernier M, Tempesta S, Terracol H, Torresani F, Triglia MF, Vandomme V, Vieillard F, Vilmot K, Vital N. Workplace bullying and sleep disturbances: findings from a large scale cross-sectional survey in the French working population. Sleep 2009; 32:1211-9. [PMID: 19750926 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/32.9.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between workplace bullying, the characteristics of workplace bullying, and sleep disturbances in a large sample of employees of the French working population. DESIGN Workplace bullying, evaluated using the validated instrument developed by Leymann, and sleep disturbances, as well as covariates, were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Covariates included age, marital status, presence of children, education, occupation, working hours, night work, physical and chemical exposures at work, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis and was carried out separately for men and women. SETTING General working population. PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of a random sample of 3132 men and 4562 women of the working population in the southeast of France. RESULTS Workplace bullying was strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Past exposure to bullying also increased the risk for this outcome. The more frequent the exposure to bullying, the higher the risk of experiencing sleep disturbances. Observing someone else being bullied in the workplace was also associated with the outcome. Adjustment for covariates did not modify the results. Additional adjustment for self-reported health and depressive symptoms diminished the magnitude of the associations that remained significant. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of workplace bullying (around 10%) was found to be high in this study as well was the impact of this major job-related stressor on sleep disturbances. Although no conclusion about causality could be drawn from this cross-sectional study, the findings suggest that the contribution of workplace bullying to the burden of sleep disturbances may be substantial.
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