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Giannenas I, Bonos E, Skoufos I, Tzora A, Stylianaki I, Lazari D, Tsinas A, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P. Effect of herbal feed additives on performance parameters, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:545-553. [PMID: 29873243 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1483577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. This feeding trial investigated the effects of herbal feed additives on performance of broiler chickens, jejunal and caecal microbiota, jejunal morphology, meat chemical composition and oxidative stability during refrigerated storage. 2. In a 42 days trial, 320 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 4 replicate pens each containing 20 chicks. The control group was fed maize-soybean-based diets. The diets of the other three groups were supplemented with herbal feed additives: HRB1 with StresomixTM (0.5 g/kg feed); HRB2 with AyuceeTM (1.0 g/kg feed); HRB3 with Salcochek ProTM (1.0 g/kg feed). The GC/MS analysis of the feed additives showed that the major components of HRB1 were β-caryophyllene (14.4%) and menthol (9.8%); HRB2 were n-hexadecanoic acid (14.22%) and β-caryophyllene (14.4%); and HRB3 were menthol (69.6%) and clavicol methyl ether (13.9%). 3. Intestinal samples were taken at 42 day to determine bacterial populations (total aerobe counts, Lactobacilli, and Escherichia coli) and perform gut morphology analysis. Meat samples were analysed for chemical composition and oxidative stability under storage. 4. The HRB1 group had improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain and tended to have improved (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) feed conversion ratio, compared to the control group. Jejunum lactic acid bacteria counts were increased (P < 0.001) in groups HRB1 and HRB3, compared to the control group, whereas caecal lactic acid bacteria counts tended to increase (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) in group HRB1, compared to the control group. Breast meat fat content tended to be lower (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) in group HRB1. Meat oxidative stability was improved (P < 0.001), and jejunum villus height, crypt depth and goblet cells numbers were increased (P < 0.001) in all three herbal supplemented groups, compared to the control. 5. In conclusion, herbal feed additives may be able to improve both growth performance and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens, based on their phenolic compound content.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giannenas
- a Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - E Bonos
- b Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - DEMETER , Pella , Greece
| | - I Skoufos
- c Department of Agricultural Technology, Division of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology , Food Technology and Nutrition, TEI of Epirus , Arta , Greece
| | - A Tzora
- c Department of Agricultural Technology, Division of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology , Food Technology and Nutrition, TEI of Epirus , Arta , Greece
| | - I Stylianaki
- d Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - D Lazari
- e Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - A Tsinas
- c Department of Agricultural Technology, Division of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology , Food Technology and Nutrition, TEI of Epirus , Arta , Greece
| | - E Christaki
- a Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - P Florou-Paneri
- a Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Mellou F, Lazari D, Skaltsa H, Tselepis AD, Kolisis FN, Stamatis H. Biocatalytic preparation of acylated derivatives of flavonoid glycosides enhances their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. J Biotechnol 2005; 116:295-304. [PMID: 15707690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of acylated derivatives of a monosaccharidic flavonoid chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-(3''-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside as well as of a disaccharidic flavonoid chrysoeriol-7-[6'''-O-acetyl-beta-D-allosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside], isolated from Greek endemic plants, was performed using an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase in non-toxic organic solvents. The influence of the reaction parameters such as the molar ratio of acyl donor to flavonoid, as well as the nature of the acyl donor, on the performance of the biocatalytic process was pointed out using the acylation of naringin as a model reaction. With vinyl laurate as acyl donor, the highest conversion was observed at relatively high molar ratio (>or=10), using acetone as solvent. Lipase exhibits specificity towards primary alcohol of the glucose moiety of both flavonoid glycosides. The introduction of an acyl group into glucosylated flavonoids significantly improved their antioxidant activity towards both LDL and serum model in vitro. Furthermore, the acylated derivative of disaccharidic flavonoid increased its antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mellou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Skaltsa H, Lazari D, Panagouleas C, Georgiadou E, Garcia B, Sokovic M. Sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea thessala and Centaurea attica. Antifungal activity. Phytochemistry 2000; 55:903-908. [PMID: 11140522 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Centaurea thessala ssp. drakiensis and C. attica ssp. attica afforded, in addition to several known sesquiterpene lactones, two new eudesmanolides, 4-epi-sonchucarpolide and its 8-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxy-2-methylene-butanoyloxy) derivative and one new eudesmane derivative, named atticin. The in vitro antifungal activity of most compounds was tested against nine fungal species, using the micro-dilution method. All the compounds tested showed great antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Greece.
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Skaltsa H, Bermejo P, Lazari D, Silvan AM, Skaltsounis AL, Sanz A, Abad MJ. Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 in mouse peritoneal macrophages and thromboxane B2 production in human platelets by flavonoids from Stachys chrysantha and Stachys candida. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23:47-53. [PMID: 10706410 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.23.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven flavonoids of Stachys chrysantha and Stachys candida have been isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, particularly highfield NMR spectroscopy. The effects of the methanol extracts of these two endemic Greek Stachys sp. and their main flavonoids were examined on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the cellular system (mouse peritoneal macrophages and human platelets). Their cytotoxicity on cells was also investigated. Most samples assayed did not exhibit any significant effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-release from calcium ionophore-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Only chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-(3''-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside, at the highest non-cytotoxic dose (50 microM), inhibited the release of PGE2, but this effect is not statistically significant. The release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with calcium ionophore was inhibited by a crude extract of S. chrysantha, with an IC50 value of 34.3 microg/ml. Xanthomicrol (IC50 = 29.2 microM) and chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-(3''-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (IC50 = 11.1 microM) also inhibited the release of LTC4, although it showed less potency than the reference compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (IC50 = 2 microM). However, most samples assayed showed a significant effect on thromboxane B2 (TXB2)-release from calcium ionophore-stimulated human platelets, with inhibition percentages slightly lower than the reference drug ibuprofen (IC50 = 7 microM). The IC50 values are: crude extract of S. candida 23.3 microg/ml; crude extract of S. chrysantha 23.1 microg/ml; xanthomicrol 28.8 microM; calcycopterin 2.66 microM and chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-(3''-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside 8.8 microM. Our results indicate that the selective inhibition of TX-synthase enzyme may be the primary target of action of most of these samples, and one of the mechanisms through which thus exert their antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Skaltsa
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
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Skaltsa H, Lazari D, Georgiadou E, Kakavas S, Constantinidis T. Sesquiterpene Lactones from Centaurea Species: C. thessala subsp. drakiensis and C. attica subsp. attica. Planta Med 1999; 65:393. [PMID: 17260267 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Papadimitriou C, Dimopoulos M, Lazari D, Ampela C, Louvrou-Fertaki A, Athanassiades P, Stamatelopoulos S, Keramopoulos A. Sequential administration of paclitaxel and doxorubicln followed by CMF in women with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)80050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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