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Vardaki MZ, Atkins CG, Schulze HG, Devine DV, Serrano K, Blades MW, Turner RFB. Raman spectroscopy of stored red blood cell concentrate within sealed transfusion blood bags. Analyst 2018; 143:6006-6013. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spectral information relevant to the quality of stored blood can be obtained in situ through sealed blood transfusion bags using a commercially available instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Z. Vardaki
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 1Z4
| | - C. G. Atkins
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 1Z4
- Department of Chemistry
| | - H. G. Schulze
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 1Z4
| | - D. V. Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 2B5
- Centre for Blood Research
| | - K. Serrano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 2B5
- Centre for Blood Research
| | - M. W. Blades
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 1Z1
| | - R. F. B. Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6 T 1Z4
- Department of Chemistry
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2
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Qadri SM, Chen D, Schubert P, Devine DV, Sheffield WP. Early γ-irradiation and subsequent storage of red cells in SAG-M additive solution potentiate energy imbalance, microvesiculation and susceptibility to stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Vox Sang 2017; 112:480-483. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Qadri
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - D. Chen
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - P. Schubert
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - W. P. Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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van der Meer PF, Devine DV. Alternatives in blood operations when choosing non-DEHP bags. Vox Sang 2017; 112:183-184. [PMID: 28116749 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of di-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) in blood bags is under discussion due to toxicity concerns and possible restrictions. A questionnaire among 15 blood centres in nine countries showed that none so far have fully switched to non-DEHP blood bags. If centres had to change, sites with a 42-day outdate would choose for a shorter outdating period, while others would allow a higher haemolysis rate (but within current specifications). To improve red cell quality, about half of the centres are willing to move to an alternative red cell storage solution, while the other half would not change for various reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F van der Meer
- Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D V Devine
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Buckley K, Atkins CG, Chen D, Schulze HG, Devine DV, Blades MW, Turner RFB. Non-invasive spectroscopy of transfusable red blood cells stored inside sealed plastic blood-bags. Analyst 2017; 141:1678-85. [PMID: 26844844 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02461g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After being separated from (donated) whole blood, red blood cells are suspended in specially formulated additive solutions and stored (at 4 °C) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blood-bags until they are needed for transfusion. With time, the prepared red cell concentrate (RCC) is known to undergo biochemical changes that lower effectiveness of the transfusion, and thus regulations are in place that limit the storage period to 42 days. At present, RCC is not subjected to analytical testing prior to transfusion. In this study, we use Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) to probe, non-invasively, the biochemistry of RCC inside sealed blood-bags. The retrieved spectra compare well with conventional Raman spectra (of sampled aliquots) and are dominated by features associated with hemoglobin. In addition to the analytical demonstration that SORS can be used to retrieve RCC spectra from standard clinical blood-bags without breaking the sterility of the system, the data reveal interesting detail about the oxygenation-state of the stored cells themselves, namely that some blood-bags unexpectedly contain measurable amounts of deoxygenated hemoglobin after weeks of storage. The demonstration that chemical information can be obtained non-invasively using spectroscopy will enable new studies of RCC degeneration, and points the way to a Raman-based instrument for quality-control in a blood-bank or hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buckley
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4.
| | - C G Atkins
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4. and Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z1.
| | - D Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 2B5 and Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z3
| | - H G Schulze
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4.
| | - D V Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 2B5 and Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z3
| | - M W Blades
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z1.
| | - R F B Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4. and Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z1. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4
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van der Meer PF, Couture C, Hervig T, Kruit G, Devine DV, de Korte D, Kerkhoffs JL. Experiences with semi-routine production of riboflavin and UV-B pathogen-inactivated platelet concentrates in three blood centres. Vox Sang 2016; 112:9-17. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. F. van der Meer
- Department of Product and Process Development; Sanquin Blood Bank; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - C. Couture
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - T. Hervig
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - G. Kruit
- Department of Production; Sanquin Blood Bank; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - D. de Korte
- Department of Product and Process Development; Sanquin Blood Bank; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J.-L. Kerkhoffs
- Department of Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology; Haga Teaching Hospital; The Hague The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Chen
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - K. Serrano
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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7
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Serrano K, Levin E, Chen D, Hansen A, Turner TR, Kurach J, Reidel A, Boecker WF, Acker JP, Devine DV. An investigation of red blood cell concentrate quality during storage in paediatric-sized polyvinylchloride bags plasticized with alternatives to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Vox Sang 2015; 110:227-35. [PMID: 26646434 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a blood bag plasticizer. It is also a toxin, raising concerns for vulnerable populations, for example, neonates and infants. Here, the in vitro quality of red cell concentrates (RCC) stored in paediatric bags formulated with alternative plasticizers to DEHP was compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS RCC were pooled and split into polyvinylchloride (PVC)/DEHP, PVC/1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) or PVC/butyryl trihexyl citrate (BTHC) bags. Quality was assessed on storage days 5, 21, 35 and 43. RESULTS Metabolism differed among the bags: pCO2 levels were lowest and pO2 were highest in BTHC bags. Glucose consumption and lactate production suggested higher metabolic rates in BTHC bags. ATP levels were best maintained in DINCH bags (day 43 mean level: 2·86 ± 0·29 μmol/g Hb). RCC in BTHC bags had the greatest potassium release (54·6 ± 3·0 mm on day 43). From day 21, haemolysis was higher in BTHC bags (P < 0·01) and by day 43 had exceeded 0·8% (0·85 ± 0·10%). RCC in BTHC bags showed more microparticle formation than RCC in DEHP or DINCH bags. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the BTHC formulation used was detrimental to RBC quality. DINCH bags could be a viable alternative to DEHP: they outperformed DEHP bags energetically, with better maintenance of ATP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Serrano
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, The Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Levin
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, The Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Hansen
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - T R Turner
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Kurach
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Reidel
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - W F Boecker
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - J P Acker
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D V Devine
- Canadian Blood Services' Centre for Innovation, The Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. V. Devine
- Littleton Equine Medical Center; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - L. Toll
- Littleton Equine Medical Center; Littleton Colorado USA
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9
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Williamson LM, Benjamin RJ, Devine DV, Katz LM, Pink J. A clinical governance framework for blood services. Vox Sang 2015; 108:378-86. [PMID: 25688854 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The elements of clinical governance, which ensure excellence in clinical care, can be applied to blood services. In this survey, their application in a range of blood providers was gauged, with the aim of identifying best practice and producing a generalizable framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Medical Directors of members of the Alliance of Blood Operators surveyed how different elements of clinical governance operated within their organizations and developed recommendations applicable in the blood service environment. RESULTS The recommendations that emerged highlighted the importance of an organization's culture, with the delivery of optimal clinical governance being a corporate responsibility. Senior management must agree and promote a set of values to ensure that the system operates with the patient and donor at its heart. All staff should understand how their role fits into the 'journey to the patient', and a culture of openness promoted. Thus, reporting of errors and risks should be actively sought and praised, with penalties applied for concealment. Systems should exist to collect, analyse and escalate clinical outcomes, safety data, clinical risk assessments, incident reports and complaints to inform organizational learning. CONCLUSION Clinical governance principles from general health care can be applied within blood services to complement good manufacturing practice. This requires leadership, accountability, an open culture and a drive for continuous improvement and excellence in clinical care.
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Hansen AL, Kurach JDR, Turner TR, Jenkins C, Busch MP, Norris PJ, Dugger J, Tomasulo PA, Devine DV, Acker JP. The effect of processing method on the in vitro characteristics of red blood cell products. Vox Sang 2015; 108:350-8. [PMID: 25678039 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While the clinical impact of differences in red blood cell (RBC) component processing methods is unknown, there are concerns they may be confounding variables in studies such as the ongoing 'age of blood' investigations. Here, we compare the in vitro characteristics of red cell concentrates (RCCs) produced by several different processing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine processing methods were examined: three apheresis methods (Alyx, MCS+ and Trima), as well as leucoreduced whole blood-derived RCCs produced by buffy coat and whole blood filtration and non-leucoreduced RCCs. RCCs were stored in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol or additive solutions (AS) 1 or 3 for 42 days, with quality tested on day 5 and day 42. RESULTS Many significant product differences were observed both early in and at the end of storage. Mean haemoglobin (Hb) ranged from 52 to 71 g/unit and mean Hct from 59·5 to 64·8%. Most RCC passed regulated quality control criteria according to Canadian Standards Association guidelines, although there were some failures relating to Hb content and residual WBC counts. CONCLUSION Processing method impacts RCC characteristics throughout storage; better understanding of these differences and reporting of processing method details is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hansen
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Gray
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - J. E. Dechant
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis California
- Boren Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - S. Yamout
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - D. V. Devine
- Boren Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - M. J. Schoonover
- Boren Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services, and Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. Chen
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services, and Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Lieberman L, Devine DV, Reesink HW, Panzer S, Wong J, Raison T, Benson S, Pink J, Leitner GC, Horvath M, Compernolle V, Scuracchio PSP, Wendel S, Delage G, Nahirniak S, Dongfu X, Krusius T, Juvonen E, Sainio S, Cazenave JP, Guntz P, Kientz D, Andreu G, Morel P, Seifried E, Hourfar K, Lin CK, O'Riordan J, Raspollini E, Villa S, Rebulla P, Flanagan P, Teo D, Lam S, Ang AL, Lozano M, Sauleda S, Cid J, Pereira A, Ekermo B, Niederhauser C, Waldvogel S, Fontana S, Desborough MJ, Pawson R, Li M, Kamel H, Busch M, Qu L, Triulzi D. Prevention of transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection: Standards of care. Vox Sang 2014; 107:276-311. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Serrano K, Chen D, Hansen AL, Levin E, Turner TR, Kurach JDR, Acker JP, Devine DV. The effect of timing of gamma-irradiation on hemolysis and potassium release in leukoreduced red cell concentrates stored in SAGM. Vox Sang 2013; 106:379-81. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Serrano
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. Chen
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A. L. Hansen
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - E. Levin
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - T. R. Turner
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - J. D. R. Kurach
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - J. P. Acker
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - D. V. Devine
- Canadian Blood Services; Centre for Innovation; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Reesink HW, Davis K, Wong J, Schwartz DWM, Mayr WR, Devine DV, Georgsen J, Chiaroni J, Ferrera V, Roubinet F, Lin CK, O’Donovan B, Fitzgerald JM, Raspollini E, Villa S, Rebulla P, Makino S, Gounder D, Säfwenberg J, Murphy MF, Staves J, Milkins C, Mercado TC, Illoh OC, Panzer S. The use of the electronic (computer) cross-match. Vox Sang 2013; 104:350-64. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Levin E, Serrano K, Devine DV. Standardization of CD62P measurement: results of an international comparative study. Vox Sang 2013; 105:38-46. [PMID: 23384330 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite long being a mainstay in describing platelet activation via degranulation, interlaboratory variation remains an issue in measurement of membrane CD62P by flow cytometry. Our objective was to identify actions that may minimize this variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen laboratories participated in an international comparative study. Two sets of platelet samples were prepared in one laboratory. Set 1 was stained and fixed; set 2 was fixed and required staining at participating laboratories. A single-staining method was used, and platelet populations were selected based on forward scatter/side scatter characteristics. Calibration beads were used to standardize measurement across different instruments. RESULTS There was a large discrepancy in reported CD62P values among study sites [interlaboratory coefficient of variance (CV): 36-78%]. When electronic data were re-analysed by a single analyst using a consistent gating strategy and a stable reference point, variation decreased markedly (CV < 12%), indicating a problem with isotype control samples, possibly related to sample fixation or shipment. CONCLUSION Consensus regarding gating strategies and use of a reliable reference point would greatly improve agreement in interlaboratory CD62P measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levin
- Canadian Blood Services, University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Culibrk B, Stone E, Levin E, Weiss S, Serrano K, Devine DV. Application of the ADVIA cerebrospinal fluid assay to count residual red blood cells in blood components. Vox Sang 2012; 103:186-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Benjamin RJ, Bianco C, Goldman M, Seed CR, Yang H, Lee J, Keller AJ, Wendel S, Biagini S, Murray J, Devine DV, Zhu Y, Turek P, Moftah FM, Kullaste R, Pillonel J, Danic B, Bigey F, Folléa G, Seifried E, Mueller MM, Lin CK, Makroo RN, Grazzini G, Pupella S, Velati C, Tadokoro K, Bravo Lindoro A, D’Artote González A, Giner VT, Flanagan P, Olaussen RW, Letowska M, Rosiek A, Poglod R, Zhiburt E, Mali P, Rozman P, Gulube S, Castro Izaguirre E, Ekermo B, Barnes SM, McLaughlin L, Eder AF, Panzer S, Reesink HW. Deferral of males who had sex with other males. Vox Sang 2011; 101:339-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schubert P, Culibrk B, Coupland D, Levin E, Devine DV. Impact of sample volume and handling time during analysis on the in vitro quality measurements of platelet concentrates held in syringes. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 33:579-85. [PMID: 21545688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The determination of quality parameters is a necessity for monitoring the efficacy of platelet concentrates. During consolidated quality control studies, there may be a large number of samples to be analyzed at the same time. This common workflow setup triggered the question whether there is an influence of the number of samples to be analyzed on the accuracy of the test results. METHODS Two different sample volumes of platelet concentrates, 1 ml and 50 ml, were analyzed for a set of standard in vitro parameters including pCO(2), pO(2), pH, glucose, and lactate as well as platelet activation via CD62P expression and responsiveness to adinosine diphosphate in an extent-of-shape-change assay. To assess apoptotic mechanisms triggered by the hold time, changes in the phosphatidylserine exposure were monitored. RESULTS In total, eleven time points were assessed over a 3-h period as well as an overnight point for assay evaluation. Except for pCO(2) and pO(2), all in vitro parameters analyzed were unaffected by a sample hold time of up to 3-h. CONCLUSION Sampling for pO(2) determination should be carried out in small volumes and assessed within 30 min of collection to obtain reliable and comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schubert
- Canadian Blood Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Devine DV, Reesink HW, Panzer S, Irving DO, Körmöczi GF, Mayr WR, Blais Y, Zhu Y, Qian K, Zhu Z, Greinacher A, Grazzini G, Pupella S, Catalano L, Vaglio S, Liumbruno GM, Smeenk JW, Josemans EAJ, Briët E, Letowska M, Lachert E, Antoniewicz-Papis J, Brojer E, Gulliksson H, Scott M, Williamson L, Prowse C, AuBuchon JP, López JA, Hoffman P, Busch MP, Norris PJ, Tomasulo P, Dodd RY. Research and development. Vox Sang 2010; 99:382-401. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Devine DV, Sher GD, Reesink HW, Panzer S, Hetzel PAS, Wong JK, Horvath M, Leitner GC, Schennach H, Nussbaumer W, Genoe K, Cioffi JM, Givisiez FN, Rogerson M, Howe D, Delage G, Sarappa C, Fu Y, Sarlija D, Vuk T, Strauss Patko M, Balija M, Jukić I, Ali A, Auvinen MK, Jaakonsalo E, Cazenave JP, Waller C, Kientz D, David B, Walther-Wenke G, Heiden M, Lin CK, Tsoi WC, Lee CK, Barotine-Toth K, Sawant RB, Murphy W, Quirke B, Bowler P, Shinar E, Yahalom V, Aprili G, Piccoli P, Gandini G, Tadokaro K, Nadarajan VS, de Kort W, Jansen N, Flanagan P, Forsberg PO, Hervig T, Letowska M, Lachert E, Dudziak K, Antoniewicz-Papis J, de Olim G, Nascimento F, Hindawi S, Teo D, Reddy R, Scholtz J, Swanevelder R, Rovira LP, Sauleda S, Carasa MAV, Vaquero MP, Ania MA, Gulliksson H, Holdsworth S, Cotton S, Howell C, Baldwin C, Cusick RM, Geele GA, Paden C, McEvoy P, Gottschall JL, McLaughlin LS, Benjamin RJ, Eder A, Draper NL, AuBuchon JP, León de González G. Inventory management. Vox Sang 2010; 98:e295-363. [PMID: 20432515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A critical aspect of blood transfusion is the timely provision of high quality blood products. This task remains a significant challenge for many blood services and blood systems reflecting the difficulty of balancing the recruitment of sufficient donors, the optimal utilization of the donor's gift, the increasing safety related restrictions on blood donation, a growing menu of specialized blood products and an ever-growing imperative to increase the efficiency of blood product provision from a cost perspective. As our industry now faces questions about our standard practices including whether or not the age of blood has a negative impact on recipients, it is timely to take a look at our collective inventory management practices. This International Forum represents an effort to get a snap shot of inventory management practices around the world, and to understand the range of different products provided for patients. In addition to sharing current inventory management practices, this Forum is intended to foster an exchange of ideas around where we see our field moving with respect to various issues including specialty products, new technologies, and reducing recipient risk from blood transfusion products.
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Abstract
Platelet function in thrombosis and haemostasis is reasonably well understood at the molecular level with respect to the proteins involved in cellular structure, signalling networks and platelet interaction with clotting factors and other cells. However, the natural history of these proteins has only recently garnered the attention of platelet researchers. De novo protein synthesis in platelets was discovered 40 years ago; however, it was generally dismissed as merely an interesting minor phenomenon until studies over the past few years renewed interest in this aspect of platelet proteins. It is now accepted that anucleate platelets not only have the potential to synthesize proteins, but this capacity seems to be required to fulfil their function. With translational control as the primary mode of regulation, platelets are able to express biologically relevant gene products in a timely and signal-dependent manner. Platelet protein synthesis during storage of platelet concentrates is a nascent area of research. Protein synthesis does occur, although not for all proteins found in the platelet protein profile. Furthermore, mRNA appears to be well preserved under standard storage conditions. Although its significance is not yet understood, the ability to replace proteins may form a type of cellular repair mechanism during storage. Disruption by inappropriate storage conditions or processes that block protein synthesis such as pathogen reduction technologies may have direct effects on the ability of platelets to synthesize proteins during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schubert
- Canadian Blood Services and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Reesink HW, Panzer S, McQuilten ZK, Wood EM, Marks DC, Wendel S, Trigo F, Biagini S, Olyntho S, Devine DV, Mumford I, Cazenave JP, Rasonglès P, Garraud O, Richard P, Schooneman F, Vezon G, Al Radwan R, Brand A, Hervig T, Castro E, Lozano M, Navarro L, Puig L, Almazán C, MacLennan S, Cardigan R, Franklin IM, Prowse C. Pathogen inactivation of platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2010; 99:85-95. [PMID: 20230599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is no standardized method of measuring the parameters for haemolysis determination of red cell concentrate (RCC). Three haemoglobin quantification methods (automated analyser, Harboe and Drabkin's) and two methods of haematocrit measurement (automated analyser and microcapillary centrifugation) were evaluated for use with RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty stored RCC were assayed for total haemoglobin, supernatant haemoglobin and haematocrit. RESULTS Drabkin's and Harboe methods were linear (r(2) > or = 0.995) over 0.015-220 g/l haemoglobin. Overestimation by Drabkin's increased from 0% at 220 g/l to 137% at 0.015 g/l haemoglobin. Harboe values generally stayed within 6% of expected while haematology analyser values had a maximum 11% underestimation above 10 g/l. Analyser total haemoglobin was significantly lower (202 +/- 22 g/l) than Drabkin's (224 +/- 24 g/l) and Harboe (222 +/- 22 g/l) values. Haematocrit was greater via the analyser (65.7 +/- 5.7%) than with microcapillary centrifugation (59.3 +/- 5.7%). CONCLUSIONS Harboe and Drabkin's methods are suitable for measuring total haemoglobin and supernatant haemoglobin in RCC. The analyser gave higher haematocrit values (11% on average) than did microcapillary centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Han
- Canadian Blood Services, Research and Development and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Zhang JG, Carter CJ, Devine DV, Scammell K, Weiss S, Gyongyossy-Issa MIC. Comparison of a novel viscous platelet additive solution and plasma: preparation and in vitro storage parameters of buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2008; 94:299-305. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.01029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gyongyossy-Issa MIC, Weiss SL, Sowemimo-Coker SO, Garcez RB, Devine DV. Prestorage leukoreduction and low-temperature filtration reduce hemolysis of stored red cell concentrates. Transfusion 2005; 45:90-6. [PMID: 15647023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal prestorage leukoreduction in Canada created the perception that stored red cells (RBCs) are more hemolyzed than their unfiltered predecessors. A pool-split design tested the effects of leukoreduction on hemolysis of stored RBCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Two ABO-matched units were pooled, divided, and then processed into leukoreduced (LR) and nonleukoreduced (NLR) units with the Pall LT-WB or RC-PL systems and sampled during standard processing and storage for testing of sterility, counts, hemolysis, and osmotic fragility. RESULTS Room temperature (RT) filtration of 10 pairs of LT-WB-LR and -NLR units showed significantly different percentage of hemolysis (0.39%) and osmotic fragility (0.643%) at 42 days. Cold-stored and -filtered units (2 days at 4 degrees C before processing) were less hemolyzed, but showed a similar proportional decrease of hemolysis in LR units (0.13% vs. 0.25% at 42 days). RBCs from RC-PL systems showed the lowest hemolysis although there was a filtration effect (0.05% vs. 0.12%, 42 days). Osmotic fragility paralleled hemolysis. Segment samples gave inaccurate results. Two-day prefiltration cold storage reduced hemolysis from 0.36 to 0.07 percent (42 days, p < 0.001). RT-LR hemolysis became significantly higher by Day 10 and 4 degrees C LR by Day 12. NLR units showed hemolysis by Day 7. LR units filtered cold were less hemolyzed (p < 0.05) than RT-LR but osmotic fragility was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS LR-RBCs prepared by any of three methods (LT-WB, RT or cold; RC-PL), filtered at 4 degrees C, were less hemolyzed during storage than nonfiltered concentrates: 4 degrees C leukoreduction is beneficial for RBCs and does not cause hemolysis or enhance fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I C Gyongyossy-Issa
- Research and Development, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Rupert JL, Monsalve MV, Kidd KK, Tan C, Hochachka PW, Devine DV. Selective pressure has not acted against hypercoagulability alleles in high-altitude Amerindians. Ann Hum Genet 2003; 67:426-32. [PMID: 12940916 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated hematocrit increases blood oxygen carrying capacity in high-altitude populations, but blood viscosity and coaguability may increase concomitantly. Alleles of the beta-fibrinogen gene (FGB) associated with lower fibrinogen levels are more common in highland Amerindians (Quechua) than lowland Amerindians (Na-Dene). Although genetic drift could account for this, selection may have acted against transmission of hypercoagulability alleles at high altitude. To test this hypothesis, we compared allele frequencies between Quechua and more closely related lowlanders (Maya) at loci in the genes encoding beta-fibrinogen (FGB), factors V (F5), VII (F7) and XIII (F13), alpha2-integrin (ITGA2) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1; SERPINE1). No significant differences in allele frequencies were found except 485arg in the gene encoding factor V, which was more common in the Quechua. These data do not support the hypothesis that selection has acted to eliminate alleles associated with hypercoagulability in Andean highlanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rupert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
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Monsalve MV, Salzano FM, Rupert JL, Hutz MH, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Hochachka PW, Devine DV. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) allele frequencies in Amerindians. Ann Hum Genet 2003; 67:367-71. [PMID: 12914571 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) have been associated with abnormalities of folate metabolism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the regulatory enzyme for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. The C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene affects folate distribution, and homozygosity for the T allele may be associated with an increased risk of NTDs. A second mutation, an A1298C transversion in this same gene, is also associated with an increased risk for NTDs but only in conjunction with the 677T allele. A low incidence of NTDs has been observed in high-altitude populations; however, these studies did not provide information about the allele distribution of genes involved in folate metabolism. This investigation compares allele frequencies of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms between Quechua people living at 3200-4200 m in the Peruvian Central Andes and an Aché group living at low altitude. Allele frequencies at both loci were not significantly different between the two populations. The absence of the 677T/677T genotypes and of the 677T/1298C arrangement in both groups may indicate a genetic contribution to reduced risk for NTDs; however, factors other than altitude are likely responsible for the low variant allele frequencies in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Monsalve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada.
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Rupert JL, Kidd KK, Norman LE, Monsalve MV, Hochachka PW, Devine DV. Genetic polymorphisms in the Renin-Angiotensin system in high-altitude and low-altitude Native American populations. Ann Hum Genet 2003; 67:17-25. [PMID: 12556231 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reportedly less common in high-altitude native populations than in lowlanders. To some extent, this is due to cultural and demographic factors; however, increased cardiovascular efficiency contributing to hypoxia adaptation may also be involved. Numerous genetic variants have been associated with cardiovascular health. If the decreased incidence of CVD in modern high-altitude populations reflects selective pressures having favoured the transmission of these alleles in their antecedents, it would be expected that these alleles would be more common in highlanders than in lowlanders. We tested this hypothesis by determining the allele frequencies of five polymorphic loci in genes encoding components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that have alleles associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease in a high-altitude native Andean population, Quechua from the Peruvian altiplano, and in a lowland Amerindian population, Maya from the Yucatan peninsula. The polymorphisms examined were 1) the insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene; 2) the A/G2350 transition (ACE-8) in intron 17 of the ACE gene; 3) the A/C1166 transversion in the 3' untranslated region of the angiotensin II receptor (type 1) gene (AGTR1); 4) the G/AI9-83 transition in intron 8 of the renin gene (REN); and 5) the T/C704 (Met235Thr) transition mutation in angiotensinogen (AGT). There was no evidence for an over-representation of the RAS alleles associated with cardiovascular fitness in the high-altitude Amerindian population when compared to the lowland Amerindian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rupert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Abstract
Because the initial decrease in light transmission in platelet aggregometry is attributed to platelet shape change, it is widely held that platelet shape change is a prerequisite for platelet aggregation. We conducted this study to determine the basis of this initial optical effect in aggregometry. Platelets were activated with ADP, thrombin, or the thrombin receptor agonist peptide SFLLRN (TRAP(1-6)). In every case the initial decrease in light transmission occurred with the concomitant formation of microaggregates. This was also seen when preactivated platelets, which cannot undergo further morphological changes, were used, and when platelets were activated in the presence of shape-change inhibitors such as cytochalasin D and vincristine. Microscopy analysis of samples fixed at minimum light transmission in the aggregometer, which is generally assumed to signal shape change, always showed the presence of microaggregates. Microaggregation appeared to be distinct from full aggregation, as it was not inhibited by the addition of CD61, an antibody to the beta(3) integrin. To model these findings, fibrinogen-coated latex spheres, which cannot change shape, were aggregated with thrombin; the initial decrease in light transmission was still seen, and microaggregates formed at this time. These results indicate that platelet shape change is not a prerequisite for aggregation and that the signal widely believed to represent shape change reflects platelet microaggregation instead. We conclude that platelet aggregation occurs independently of shape change and that shape change is not necessarily followed by aggregation. These observations suggest an alternative role for platelet shape change of single platelets.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few reports about thrombopoietic responses in whole blood (WB) and platelet-pheresis donors. This study compares the thrombopoietic responses of such donors and their platelet values. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The effect of WB donation or selective platelet loss (plateletpheresis) was evaluated prospectively. WB and platelet donor samples before donation and for 7 days thereafter were assessed for platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet reticulocytes. RESULTS Reticulated platelets appeared in the circulation of plateletpheresis donors by 24 hours. The proportion of reticulated platelets was highest on Day 2, and above-normal levels of reticulated platelets persisted until Day 7. The mean platelet volume was high on Days 2 and 3, which corresponded with the appearance of reticulated platelets. After plateletpheresis, platelet counts were higher than could be accounted for by new platelets, which suggested the release of sequestered platelets. WB donors manifested no changes in platelet counts but had a peak of circulating platelet reticulocytes 2 days after the donation. CONCLUSION The thrombopoietic peak in WB and plateletpheresis donors occurs 2 days after donation, and the response level is related to the amount of platelets lost. The impact of platelet loss on the number of circulating platelets is modulated by the release of platelets from the spleen.
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Webb MS, Tortora N, Cremese M, Kozlowska H, Blaquiere M, Devine DV, Kornbrust DJ. Toxicity and toxicokinetics of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide against the c-myc oncogene in cynomolgus monkeys. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev 2001; 11:155-63. [PMID: 11446591 DOI: 10.1089/108729001300338681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 2-week toxicity and toxicokinetic study of a 15-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, INX-3280, against the c-myc oncogene was performed in cynomolgus monkeys. As this oligonucleotide readily adopts an aggregate structure, a quadruplex, which may be associated with adverse physiologic effects, this study was performed using INX-3280 that had been converted to its monomeric form. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) infusions of monomeric INX-3280 three times per week for 2 weeks at doses of 3 or 15 mg/kg per administration. The monkeys were examined for clinical signs: changes in hematology, serum chemistry, coagulation, and urinalysis parameters; complement activation; macroscopic findings at necropsy; and histopathologic alterations. In addition, the toxicokinetics of INX-3280 were evaluated, using a validated HPLC assay, after the first and last (sixth) doses. No treatment-related clinical signs of any adverse effects were observed, and there were no test article-related changes in hematology, serum chemistry, or complement activation parameters. The only alteration in clinical pathology parameters was a minor (30%) prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), reflecting slight inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, which was less than that reported with other oligonucleotides given at similar doses. Treatment-related histopathologic alterations consisted of characteristic accumulation of basophilic material in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney, resident macrophages in the lymph nodes, and Kupffer cells in the liver. These changes were graded as minimal in all cases. The basophilic material is believed to reflect accumulation of the oligonucleotide or metabolites or both. The pharmacokinetic parameters of INX-3280 were identical on the first and sixth administrations and were similar to those reported for other phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Maximum concentration (Cmax) values for INX-3280 (101-119 microg/ml) were in excess of the threshold plasma concentrations reported to trigger complement activation by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. It is concluded that the safety profile of monomeric INX-3280 in cynomolgus monkeys is quite favorable relative to the known effects of other phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, particularly with respect to the blood level-related toxicities of this class of compounds, including complement activation and inhibition of coagulation. This study found no toxicities that were expected to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Webb
- Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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Abstract
Temperatures ranging from room temperature (20 degrees C) to 42 degrees C are generally not considered to have an activating effect on platelets. However, this assumption is not supported by clinical phenomena that result in hemostatic failure related to hypothermia. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperatures between room temperature (20 degrees C) and 42 degrees C on human blood platelets and found that room temperature causes marked activation of platelets. Major changes in platelet morphology were seen at 20 degrees C compared to resting platelets at 37 degrees C. Platelet morphology was investigated with noninvasive live cell techniques (light microscopy and dynamic and static light scattering), as well as with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The changes in platelet morphology correlated with the expression of the activation marker, activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa, measured by flow cytometry. Twenty-five percent to 30% of platelets expressed activated GPIIb-IIIa after exposure to 20 degrees C for 10 minutes. In the presence of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, the serotonin content of platelets at 20 degrees C was twice that of resting platelets. In comparison, moderate heat shock conditions (42 degrees C for 10 minutes) caused no signs of platelet activation as indicated by the absence of morphological alterations, no expression of activated GPIIb-IIIa, and no changes in serotonin content. These results show that room temperature by itself significantly activates platelets and has an effect on the platelet serotonin content. This may contribute to both the functional lesion associated with 22 degrees C storage of platelets for transfusion and the in vivo hemostatic failure after hypothermia.
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van Wyk V, Leblond L, Winocour PD, Devine DV, Gyongyossy-Issa MI. Incorporation of an Asp-Ser sequence to form an RGDS-like motif in hirutonin: the effect on in vitro platelet function. Thromb Res 2000; 99:343-52. [PMID: 10963785 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect on in vitro platelet function of hirutonin, a modified hirutonin with an RGD-like motif, a pseudo-RGDS peptide and a linear RGDS peptide. Inhibition of expression of surface fibrinogen on ADP-activated platelets with 40 microM of the peptide was as follows: hirutonin 10+/-3%, modified chimeric peptide 26+/-5%, pseudo-RGDS 66+/-11% and linear RGDS 93+/-13%. Both hirutonin and the chimeric peptide significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet activation as detected by CD62 expression. Unlike the RGDS and pseudo-RGDS controls, neither the chimeric peptide nor the parent hirutonin inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation even at 140 microM. The chimeric hirutonin peptide reduced ATP release from ADP-stimulated platelets by 40+/-4%. This inhibition was stronger than that caused by hirutonin (23+/-13%), but less than the RGDS (90+/-2%) and pseudo RGDS-peptides (59+/-11%). Primary platelet haemostasis was slightly but not significantly affected by the peptide at 40 and 80 microM. However, shear-induced platelet adhesion to vWF and especially subsequent aggregate formation was interrupted after the addition of the chimeric peptide. Similar results were obtained with hirutonin. This inhibition was not as marked as with the RGDS- and pseudo-RGDS peptides. Both the parent hirutonin and the chimeric peptide caused prolongation of the clinical coagulation assays aPTT and TT. In conclusion, the chimeric hirutonin peptide with introduction of the RGD motif retained its anticoagulant effect but had little formal disintegrin activity. Instead, it appeared to have novel anti-platelet effects that may be of therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- V van Wyk
- Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Mattevi VS, Fiegenbaum M, Salzano FM, Weiss KM, Moore J, Monsalve MV, Devine DV, Hutz MH. Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in two North American indigenous populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 2000; 112:311-7. [PMID: 10861349 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8644(200007)112:3<311::aid-ajpa3>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites were determined in 50 Carrier-Sekani and 70 Mvskoke chromosomes, and the results were integrated with those previously obtained for 11 South American Indian populations. Eleven haplotypes were identified in the Mvskokes, while five were observed in the Carrier-Sekani. As in South American natives, haplotype 2 (+----) and 6 (-++ -+) were the most prevalent among the Mvskoke (46% and 30%, respectively). In the Carrier-Sekani, haplotype 2 was also the most common, but haplotype 5 (-+ -++) was somewhat more frequent (18%) than 6 (12%). High heterozygosities, as well as genetic differentiation, were observed among these two North American and two other South American groups (Mapuche and Xavante). They could be due to non-Indian admixture in the Mvskoke and Mapuche, but the findings in the other two populations require some other type of explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Mattevi
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rupert JL, Monsalve MV, Devine DV, Hochachka PW. Beta2-adrenergic receptor allele frequencies in the Quechua, a high altitude native population. Ann Hum Genet 2000; 64:135-43. [PMID: 11246467 DOI: 10.1017/s0003480000008009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The beta2-adrenergic receptor is involved in the control of numerous physiological processes and, as the primary catecholamine receptor in the lungs, is of particular importance in the regulation of pulmonary function. There are several polymorphic loci in the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene that have alleles that alter receptor function, including two (A/G46, G/C79) that increase agonist sensitivity. As such a phenotype may increase vaso and bronchial dilation, thereby facilitating air and blood flow through the lungs, we hypothesized that selection may have favoured these alleles in high altitude populations as part of an adaptive strategy to deal with the hypoxic conditions characteristic of such environments. We tested this hypothesis by determining the allele frequencies for these two polymorphisms, as well one additional missense mutation (C/T491) and two silent mutations (G/A252 and C/A523) in 63 Quechua speaking natives from communities located between 3200 and 4200 m on the Peruvian altiplano. These frequencies were compared with those of two lowland populations, one native American (Na-Dene from the west coast of Canada) and one Caucasian of Western European descent. The Quechua manifest many of the pulmonary characteristics of high altitude populations and differences in allele frequencies between the Quechua and lowlanders could be indicative of a selective advantage conferred by certain genotypes in high altitude environments. Allele frequencies varied between populations at some loci and patterns of linkage disequilibrium differed between the old-world and new-world samples; however, as these populations are not closely related, significant variation would be expected due to stochastic effects alone. Neither of the alleles associated with increased receptor sensitivity (A46, G79) was significantly over-represented in the Quechua compared with either lowland group. The Quechua were monomorphic for the C allele at base 79. This variant has been associated with body mass index; however no clearly defined metabolic phenotype has been established. In addition, we sequenced the coding region of the gene in three unrelated Quechua to determine if there were any other polymorphisms common in this population. None were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rupert
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Levin E, Wu J, Devine DV, Alexander J, Reichart C, Sett S, Seear M. Hemostatic parameters and platelet activation marker expression in cyanotic and acyanotic pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the presence of tranexamic acid. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83:54-9. [PMID: 10669155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated hemostatic parameters including platelet activation in 56 pediatric patients with or without cyanosis undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardiac surgery to repair congenital defects. Patients were participants in a study assessing the effects of tranexamic acid on surgery-related blood loss. Parameters monitored included blood loss, prothrombin F1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, t-PA, PAI-1, plasminogen, fibrin D-dimer, and plasma factor XIII. Additionally, flow cytometry monitored platelet degranulation (P-selectin or CD63), as well as surface-bound fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and factor XIIIa. Cyanotic patients had evidence of supranormal coagulation activation as both fibrin D-dimer and PAI-1 levels were elevated prior to surgery. While the extent of expression of P-selectin or CD63 was not informative, platelet-associated factor XIIIa was elevated in cyanotic patients at baseline. In both patient groups, CPB altered platelet activation state and coagulation status irrespective of the use of tranexamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
A number of studies based on linguistic, dental and genetic data have proposed that the colonization of the New World took place in three separate waves of migration from North-East Asia. Recently, other studies have suggested that only one major migration occurred. It is the aim of this study to assess these opposing migration hypotheses using molecular-typed HLA class II alleles to compare the relationships between linguistic and genetic data in contemporary Native American populations. Our results suggest that gene flow and genetic drift have been important factors in shaping the genetic landscape of Native American populations. We report significant correlations between genetic and geographical distances in Native American and East Asian populations. In contrast, a less clear-cut relationship seems to exist between genetic distances and linguistic affiliation. In particular, the close genetic relationship of the neighbouring Na-Dene Athabaskans and Amerindian Salishans suggests that geography is the more important factor. Overall, our results are most congruent with the single migration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Monsalve
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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42
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Rupert JL, Devine DV, Monsalve MV, Hochachka PW. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) alleles in the Quechua, a high altitude South American native population. Ann Hum Biol 1999; 26:375-80. [PMID: 10462157 DOI: 10.1080/030144699282688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently it was reported that an allelic variant of the gene encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was significantly over-represented in a cohort of elite British mountaineers. It was proposed that this may be evidence for a specific genetic factor influencing the human capacity for physical performance. The implication that this allele could enhance performance at high altitude prompted us to determine its frequency in Quechua speaking natives living at altitudes greater than 3000m on the Andean Altiplano in South America. We found that the frequency of the putative performance allele in the Quechuas, although significantly higher than in Caucasians, was not different from lowland Native American populations. This observation suggests that, although the higher frequency of the 'performance allele' may have facilitated the migration of the ancestral Quechua to the highlands, the ACE insertion allele has not been subsequently selected for in this high altitude population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rupert
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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43
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Abstract
Measurement of fibrin D-dimer may be a useful diagnostic test to exclude a diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the emergency department setting. However, the specific assay format may influence its sensitivity and ultimate clinical utility. We tested samples from 200 patients under evaluation for DVT using three fibrin D-dimer assays: the SimpliRED whole blood agglutination assay, a latex agglutination assay, and the Dimertest EIA. Latex agglutination assays were performed in both a specialized laboratory and a routine laboratory. The negative predictive value for all tests was > 90%. The sensitivity of the SimpliRED assay was similar to that of the latex assay. The sensitivity of the latex assay was significantly lower when performed by generalist laboratory technologists. Thus, while D-dimer may be a useful test for the exclusion of DVT, subjective endpoint latex agglutination assays should be performed only by appropriately trained personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Carter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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44
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Devine DV, Bradley AJ, Maurer E, Levin E, Chahal S, Serrano K, Gyongyossy-Issa MI. Effects of prestorage white cell reduction on platelet aggregate formation and the activation state of platelets and plasma enzyme systems. Transfusion 1999; 39:724-34. [PMID: 10413280 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39070724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction in random-donor platelet concentrates in Canada has increased the occurrence of particulate material in PCs. The effects of filtration on platelet activation state and the activation of plasma enzyme systems were assessed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Particulate material was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, protein electrophoresis, and biochemical analysis. Thirty PCs (10 unfiltered, 20 filtered) were examined during processing and 5-day storage for pH, platelet count and mean volume, morphology, activation marker expression, and hypotonic shock response. Complement activation, thrombin generation, and fibrinolysis were assessed by using specific enzyme immunoassays or chromogenic assays. RESULTS By all analyses, the particulate material appeared to be platelet aggregates. Platelets exposed to WBC-reduction filters expressed a significantly higher level of activation markers CD62 and CD63, altered morphology, and increased platelet microparticles throughout the storage period than did unfiltered platelets. Complement activation at the C3 level was significantly increased in filtered units with little evidence of coagulation or fibrinolytic system activation. CONCLUSION Exposure of platelets to filters during prestorage WBC reduction increased platelet activation and mildly increased complement activation over the levels during the storage period. These alterations can contribute to the formation of irreversible platelet aggregates during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Devine
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver Centre, and the Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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45
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Bradley AJ, Maurer-Spurej E, Brooks DE, Devine DV. Unusual electrostatic effects on binding of C1q to anionic liposomes: role of anionic phospholipid domains and their line tension. Biochemistry 1999; 38:8112-23. [PMID: 10387057 DOI: 10.1021/bi990480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The binding of 125I-C1q to anionic liposomes was studied as a function of protein concentration, pH, ionic strength, and anionic lipid composition. The maximum amount of protein bound per micromole of lipid was very sensitive to electrostatic factors, increasing strongly with decreased pH and ionic strength or increased anionic lipid content. The apparent association constant was independent of these electrostatic factors, however, in marked contrast to studies on basic peptide binding to anionic lipid vesicles. Microscopic observations of large unilamellar liposomes containing fluorescently labeled C1q or phosphatidylglycerol demonstrated, under conditions causing strong electrostatic interactions, that C1q and anionic lipids colocalized into domains whose radii of curvature were higher than that of the surrounding lipid. These domains were observed to bud and pinch off into brightly fluorescent vesicles. We propose a model for all of these observations in which the line tension or edge energy at the boundary of the domain resists its increase in circumference as the domain grows by electrostatic effects on binding, eventually resulting in vesiculation. We propose that under favorable electrostatic conditions, as larger domains form the edge energy balances the increases in the electrostatic contribution to binding, resulting in a net binding energy independent of electrostatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bradley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- K Qushmaq
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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47
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Abstract
Elevated hematocrits, which are found in many high-altitude populations, increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and may represent an adaptation to hypoxic environments. However, as high hematocrit increases blood viscosity, which in turn is associated with hypertension and heart disease, it may be advantageous for high-altitude populations to limit other factors that contribute to increased blood viscosity. One such factor is the plasma concentration of the coagulation protein fibrinogen. Several common polymorphisms in the beta-fibrinogen gene have been identified that affect fibrinogen concentrations. We determined the allele frequencies of three of these polymorphisms (G/A-455(HaeIII), C/T-148(HindIII), and G/A+448(MnlI)) in sample groups drawn from three populations: Quechua-speaking natives living at over 3,200 m in the Peruvian Andes, North American natives (Na-Dene) from coastal British Columbia, and Caucasian North Americans. The frequencies of the alleles previously shown to be associated with increased fibrinogen levels were so low in the Quechuas that their presence could be accounted for solely by genetic admixture with Caucasians. Frequencies in the Na-Dene, a Native American group unrelated to the Quechua, were not significantly different from those in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rupert
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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48
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Bradley AJ, Brooks DE, Norris-Jones R, Devine DV. C1q binding to liposomes is surface charge dependent and is inhibited by peptides consisting of residues 14-26 of the human C1qA chain in a sequence independent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1418:19-30. [PMID: 10209207 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement activation by anionic liposomes proceeds by antibody-independent, C1q-initiated activation of the classical pathway. Purified C1q bound to anionic liposomes in an acidic lipid concentration-dependent manner. Saturation binding, but not the apparent association constant, was enhanced by increasing the cardiolipin content of the liposomes or decreasing either the pH or ionic strength of the reaction mixture. These observations indicate the involvement of electrostatic factors in the binding. A highly cationic region in the collagen-like domain of C1q comprised of residues 14-26 of the C1qA polypeptide chain was assessed for involvement in liposome binding. This region has previously been shown to mediate C1q binding to other immunoglobulin-independent activators of the classical pathway of complement. Peptides containing residues 14-26 of C1qA, denoted C1qA14-26, inhibited C1q binding to and complement activation by anionic liposomes. The inhibitory capacity of these cationic peptides had no sequence or conformation specificity. Rather, the amount of positive charge on the peptides was the determining factor. When present in excess, peptides with five cationic residues inhibited C1q binding and complement activation; however, C1q peptides with only two cationic residues did not. In addition to the C1qA14-26 region, other parts of C1q that contain cationic residues may also be involved in C1q binding to anionic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bradley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
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Alhumood SA, Devine DV, Lawson L, Nantel SH, Carter CJ. Idiopathic immune-mediated acquired von Willebrand's disease in a patient with angiodysplasia: demonstration of an unusual inhibitor causing a functional defect and rapid clearance of von Willebrand factor. Am J Hematol 1999. [PMID: 9929110 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199902)60:2<151::aid-ajh13>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A case of idiopathic immune-mediated von Willebrand's disease (AvWD) associated angiodysplasia and recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding is reported. Coagulation parameters at presentation were activated partial thromboplastin time of 41 sec, bleeding time >15 min, factor VIII procoagulant activity, 5%; von Willebrand factor antigen (WF:Ag) 5%, and vWF:ristocetirn cofactor activity 11% sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of plasma vWF showed a pattern similar to type II vWD. An in vitro inhibitor against vWF in the immunoglobulin (Ig)G fraction of the patient's plasma was demonstrated vWF parameters showed a short-lived increase after 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) administration. The patient's bleeding episodes were initially managed adequately with cryoprecipitate replacement therapy and DDAVP, to which she became refractory. No significant improvement was achieved following the institution of immunosuppressive therapy in the form of high-dose steroids and cyclophosphamide. She was then treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) to which she showed an adequate response in terms of her clinical situation and her hemostatic parameters. The patient is on maintenance treatment with repeated courses of IvIg based on vWF parameter monitoring. To our knowledge, this is the third reported association between idiopathic immune-mediated AvWD and angiodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Alhumood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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50
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Zay K, Loo S, Xie C, Devine DV, Wright J, Churg A. Role of neutrophils and alpha1-antitrypsin in coal- and silica-induced connective tissue breakdown. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:L269-79. [PMID: 9950889 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.2.l269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mineral dusts produce emphysema, and administration of dust to rats results in the rapid appearance of desmosine and hydroxyproline in lavage fluid, confirming that dusts directly induce connective tissue breakdown. To examine the role of neutrophils and alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) in this process, we instilled silica or coal into normal rats or rats that had been pretreated with antiserum against neutrophils. One day after dust exposure, lavage fluid neutrophils and desmosine and hydroxyproline levels were all elevated; treatment with antiserum against neutrophils reduced neutrophils by 75%, desmosine by 40-50%, and hydroxyproline by 25%. By 7 days, lavage fluid neutrophils and desmosine level had decreased, whereas macrophages and hydroxyproline level had increased. By ELISA analysis, lavage fluid alpha1-AT levels were increased four- to eightfold at both times. On Western blot, some of the alpha1-AT appeared as degraded fragments, and by HPLC analysis, 5-10% of the methionine residues were oxidized. At both times, lavage fluid exhibited considerably elevated serine elastase inhibitory capacity and also showed elevations in metalloelastase activity. We conclude that, in this model, connective tissue breakdown is initially driven largely by neutrophil-derived proteases and that markedly elevated levels of functional alpha1-AT do not prevent breakdown, thus providing in vivo support for the concept of quantum proteolysis proposed by Liou and Campbell (T. G. Liou and E. J. Campbell. Biochemistry 34: 16171-16177, 1995). Macrophage-derived proteases may be of increasing importance over time, especially in coal-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zay
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2B5
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