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Kuçi O, Verlaan D, Vicente C, Nubret E, Le Plenier S, De Bandt JP, Cynober L. Citrulline and muscle protein homeostasis in three different models of hypercatabolism. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:917-927. [PMID: 31010700 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation of enteral nutrition (EN) by specific amino acids (AAs) has been proposed to prevent muscle protein loss in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Citrulline (Cit), which has been shown to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in other situations, may be of interest in this setting. Our aim was to assess the effect of Cit in three catabolic models relevant to critical illness: endotoxemia (LPS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and TBI with infectious complications (TBI-Ec), which are characterized by different alterations in protein homeostasis. Fifty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g) were randomized to receive a standard diet ad libitum (CON, n = 9) or to undergo catabolic injuries on day 0 (D0, n = 49), and EN (Sondalis HP energy® 290 kcal/kg/d) from day 1 (D1) combined with Cit (2 g/kg/d) or isonitrogenous non-essential AAs (NEAAs) until day 3 (D3). Endotoxemia was induced by IP injection of LPS from E. coli (3 mg/kg), TBI by hydraulic percussion, and infectious complications (TBI-Ec) by administration of luminescent E. coli on D1. Nitrogen balance (ΔN) and 3-methylhistidine (3-MHis) were measured daily. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS, measured by the SUnSET method) and mTORC1 activation (S6K-1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation) were measured on D3 2 h after the arrest of enteral nutrition in soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius and tibialis muscles. ΔN was lower (p < 0.001) in all three models of injury compared with basal and CON from D1 to D3, and more negative in the LPS-CIT (p < 0.05) than in the LPS group. The 3-MHis/creatinine ratio was significantly increased on D1 in all groups compared with CON, and on D2 only in the LPS and TBI groups (p < 0.0001, LPS and TBI vs. CON). MPS was similar in all groups in soleus and tibialis but significantly higher in EDL in LPS-CIT [LPS-CIT: 4.5 ± 1.7 (mean ± SD) vs. CON: 2.3 ± 1.2; and vs. LPS-NEAA: 3.1 ± 2.3] and in gastrocnemius (LPS-CIT vs. CON; p = 0.05). S6K-1 phosphorylation in the EDL was also higher in LPS-CIT vs. CON (LPS-CIT: 0.94 ± 0.51 CON: 0.42 ± 0.28), but not in gastrocnemius. IL-6 plasma level was significantly higher in all the catabolic groups vs. CON (p < 0.005) with no difference between treatments (Cit or NEAAs). In conclusion, the TBI model showed only a rise in muscle proteolysis, whereas the LPS model displayed a rise in both protein synthesis and proteolysis. Secondly, our results show that the Cit effect varies according to the type of injury and to the muscle under study. The stimulation of MPS rate and the mTOR pathway in LPS-treated rats contrasts with degraded ΔN, suggesting that the Cit effect on protein metabolism in critically ill rats is limited at the whole-body level.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kuçi
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - D Verlaan
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - C Vicente
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - E Nubret
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - S Le Plenier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J P De Bandt
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - L Cynober
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Graeni C, Stepper F, Sturzenegger M, Merlo A, Verlaan DJ, Andermann F, Baumann CR, Bonassin F, Georgiadis D, Baumgartner RW, Rouleau GA, Siegel AM. Inherited cavernous malformations of the central nervous system: clinical and genetic features in 19 Swiss families. Neurosurg Rev 2009; 33:47-51. [PMID: 19760287 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-009-0225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cavernous malformations (CCMs) are benign, well-circumscribed, and mulberry-like vascular malformations that may be found in the central nervous system in up to 0.5% of the population. Cavernous malformations can be sporadic or inherited. The common symptoms are epilepsy, hemorrhages, focal neurological deficits, and headaches. However, CCMs are often asymptomatic. The familiar form is associated with three gene loci, namely 7q21-q22 (CCM1), 7p13-p15 (CCM2), and 3q25.2-q27 (CCM3) and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. The CCM genes are identified as Krit 1 (CCM1), MGC4607 (CCM2), and PDCD10 (CCM3). Here, we present the clinical and genetic features of CCMs in 19 Swiss families. Furthermore, surgical aspects in such families are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Graeni
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Inouye M, Pastinen TM, Soranzo N, Wilson SG, Andrew T, Falchi M, Gwilliam R, Ahmadi KR, Valdes AM, Arp P, Whittaker P, Verlaan DJ, Jhamai M, Kumanduri V, Moorhouse M, van Meurs JB, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Hart D, Zhai G, Kato BS, Mullin BH, Zhang F, Deloukas P, Uitterlinden AG, Spector TD. Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures: a genome-wide association study. Lancet 2008; 371:1505-12. [PMID: 18455228 PMCID: PMC2679414 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is diagnosed by the measurement of bone mineral density, which is a highly heritable and multifactorial trait. We aimed to identify genetic loci that are associated with bone mineral density. METHODS In this genome-wide association study, we identified the most promising of 314 075 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2094 women in a UK study. We then tested these SNPs for replication in 6463 people from three other cohorts in western Europe. We also investigated allelic expression in lymphoblast cell lines. We tested the association between the replicated SNPs and osteoporotic fractures with data from two studies. FINDINGS We identified genome-wide evidence for an association between bone mineral density and two SNPs (p<5x10(-8)). The SNPs were rs4355801, on chromosome 8, near to the TNFRSF11B (osteoprotegerin) gene, and rs3736228, on chromosome 11 in the LRP5 (lipoprotein-receptor-related protein) gene. A non-synonymous SNP in the LRP5 gene was associated with decreased bone mineral density (rs3736228, p=6.3x10(-12) for lumbar spine and p=1.9x10(-4) for femoral neck) and an increased risk of both osteoporotic fractures (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% CI 1.09-1.52, p=0.002) and osteoporosis (OR 1.3, 1.08-1.63, p=0.008). Three SNPs near the TNFRSF11B gene were associated with decreased bone mineral density (top SNP, rs4355801: p=7.6x10(-10) for lumbar spine and p=3.3x10(-8) for femoral neck) and increased risk of osteoporosis (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.42, p=0.038). For carriers of the risk allele at rs4355801, expression of TNFRSF11B in lymphoblast cell lines was halved (p=3.0x10(-6)). 1883 (22%) of 8557 people were at least heterozygous for these risk alleles, and these alleles had a cumulative association with bone mineral density (trend p=2.3x10(-17)). The presence of both risk alleles increased the risk of osteoporotic fractures (OR 1.3, 1.08-1.63, p=0.006) and this effect was independent of bone mineral density. INTERPRETATION Two gene variants of key biological proteins increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. The combined effect of these risk alleles on fractures is similar to that of most well-replicated environmental risk factors, and they are present in more than one in five white people, suggesting a potential role in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- JB Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Inouye
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - TM Pastinen
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - N Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - SG Wilson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - T Andrew
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Gwilliam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - KR Ahmadi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - AM Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Whittaker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - DJ Verlaan
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Jhamai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - V Kumanduri
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - M Moorhouse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - JB van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - HAP Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - D Hart
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Zhai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - BS Kato
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - BH Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - TD Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Felbor U, Gaetzner S, Verlaan DJ, Vijzelaar R, Rouleau GA, Siegel AM. Large germline deletions and duplication in isolated cerebral cavernous malformation patients. Neurogenetics 2007; 8:149-53. [PMID: 17211633 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-006-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular lesions that predispose to headaches, seizures, and hemorrhagic stroke. Hereditary CCMs are usually associated with the occurrence of multiple CCMs and occur with a frequency of 1:2,000 to 1:10,000. In this study, eight isolated cases with multiple CCMs but no CCM1-3 point mutation were analyzed using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. Four genomic rearrangements were identified including a previously unreported large duplication within the CCM1 gene and a novel deletion involving the entire coding region of the CCM2 gene. Consequently, systematic screening for CCM deletions/duplications is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Verlaan DJ, Dubé MP, St-Onge J, Noreau A, Roussel J, Satgé N, Wallace MC, Rouleau GA. A new locus for autosomal dominant intracranial aneurysm, ANIB4, maps to chromosome 5p15.2-14.3. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e31. [PMID: 16740915 PMCID: PMC2564548 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.033209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are dilatations of intracranial arteries that occur most commonly at arterial bifurcations. Unruptured IA are present in approximately 1-2% of the population aged over 30 years of age. Aneurysms are only rarely symptomatic unless they rupture, which typically results in a subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS A large French Canadian (FC) family (Aneu60) was identified which contained 12 affected individuals with intracranial aneurysms. Nine of the affected patients and three unaffected individuals were sent for an 8 cM genome-wide scan. Multipoint and two-point methods were used to analyse the scan data by using a dominant parametric model. RESULTS We identified an IA susceptibility locus (ANIB4) located on chromosome 5p15.2-14.3. The locus was found by genome-wide linkage analysis and follow up analyses provided a maximum multipoint LOD score of 3.57 over the region. An identical haplotype segment of 7.2 Mb was found in a second FC pedigree and contributes to the refinement of the candidate gene interval. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there is a major gene locus on chromosome 5p.
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are characterized by abnormally enlarged capillary cavities without intervening brain parenchyma. Mutations in the gene PDCD10 have been found in CCM families linked to the CCM3 locus. The authors screened this gene in 15 families that did not have a CCM1 or CCM2 mutation. Only two novel mutations were found, suggesting that mutations in this gene may only account for a small percentage of CCM familial cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Verlaan
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Siegel AM, Bertalanffy H, Dichgans JJ, Elger CE, Hopf H, Hopf N, Keidel M, Kleider A, Nowak G, Pfeiffer RA, Schramm J, Spuck S, Stefan H, Sure U, Baumann CR, Rouleau GA, Verlaan DJ, Andermann E, Andermann F. Famili�re Kavernome des Zentralnervensystems. Nervenarzt 2005; 76:175-80. [PMID: 15702360 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-004-1779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In 1928, Hugo Friedrich Kufs reported on a family with cerebral, retinal, and cutaneous cavernous malformations. Since then, more than 300 families with inherited cavernous malformations have been reported. Genetic studies showed three loci, on chromosomes 7q21-q22 (with the gene CCM1), 7p15-p13 (CCM2), and 3q25.2-q27 (CCM3). The gene product of CCM1 is Krit 1 (Krev interaction trapped 1), a protein interacting with angiogenesis by various mechanisms. Recently, CCM2 has also been identified; its product is a protein which might have a function similar to that of Krit 1. However, the CCM3 gene has still not been found. In this study, we present clinical and genetic findings on 15 German families.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Siegel
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Verlaan
- Centre for Research in Neurosciences and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Verlaan DJ, Laurent SB, Sure U, Bertalanffy H, Andermann E, Andermann F, Rouleau GA, Siegel AM. CCM1mutation screen of sporadic cases with cerebral cavernous malformations. Neurology 2004; 62:1213-5. [PMID: 15079030 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000118299.55857.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are CNS vascular anomalies associated with seizures, headaches, and hemorrhagic strokes. The CCM1 gene was screened in 35 sporadic cases with either single or multiple CCM. It was found that 29% of the individuals with multiple CCM have a CCM1 mutation, whereas cases with only one malformation have none. Sporadic cases with multiple malformations warrant the same approach as individuals who have a familial history of CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Verlaan
- Center for Research in Neurosciences and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find mutations in the recently identified additional exons of the Krit1 gene that causes CCM1, a disease characterized by the formation of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). To determine the relative frequency with which Krit1 mutations cause CCM as well as recharacterize the mutations reported in the literature. METHODS Twenty-seven families and 11 apparently sporadic individuals affected with CCM were screened for mutations in the Krit1 gene. The gene was screened by single stranded conformation polymorphism, and variants were sequenced. Familial segregation of the mutations was determined. RESULTS In familial samples, two new mutations in the novel upstream exons and six additional mutations in the previously identified exons were identified. No mutation was found in any of the sporadic individuals. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that the frequency of mutations found in Krit1 is 47% in the families studied and the frequency may increase as more mutations are detected. Mutations are evenly distributed in the gene and do not seem to be limited to structural domains present in Krit1. This is in accordance with the model that Krit1 could be a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Verlaan
- Center for Research in Neurosciences, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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