Impact of Melting Heat Transfer Analysis in MoS2 and MgO Nanoparticles

In this extraordinary work, heat transfer examined around boundary layer of nanofluids MoS2–H2O and MgO–H2O. Micropolar ferrofluid is addressed in this investigation. Energy equation can be elaborated by employing Cattaneo-Christov heat flux analysis with relevant thermal conductivity. This article manages Darcy-Forchheimer. Disturbance in stretchable sheet has been represented by Darcy Forchheimer expression. Mixed convection heat flow at the incidence of melting effect from a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium is described. Governing PDE’s of current analysis are lessen into a set of ODE’s using requisite congruity transformations. Set of similarity equations can be fixed out with RKF-45. Achievements of distinct parameters on f′, θ distributions are represented by the aid of graphs.

Palbociclib in hormone positive metastatic breast cancer: A real world multicenter Indian experience

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Background: Palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, in combination with hormonal therapy has become the standard of care in the treatment of hormonal positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). There is limited efficacy and safety data in Indian patients. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study of real world experience of patients with HR+, Her 2 neu negative MBC who received Palbociclib in 5 centers of south India between Oct 2016 and Aug 2019. Endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) and toxicity. Results: 133 patients received Palbociclib; 83 (62.4%) in the first line setting (hormone naïve MBC) and 50 (37.6%) in the second line (MBC progressed on at least one line of hormonal therapy). Median age was 56 years (range 48-76). All patients started with 125mg/day. In the 83 first line patients, 46 (55.4%) had denovo MBC, 37 (44.6%) had post-adjuvant relapse. 38 (45.8%) had bone only and 45 (54.2%) had visceral metastases. Letrozole was the companion drug in 76%, Fulvestrant in 18%, Exemestane in 6%. 5 (6%) patients achieved complete response (CR), 54 (65%) partial response (PR), 12 (14.5%) stable disease (SD) and 12 (14.5%) had progressive disease (PD). ORR was 71%. At a median followup of 18 months, the median PFS was not reached (maximum ongoing followup 38 months). The median PFS in the denovo metastatic disease versus relapsed disease was not reached versus 18 months (p = 0.021). The median PFS was significantly better in bone only versus visceral metastases (not reached versus 28 months, p = 0.007). In the 50 second line patients, 15 (30%) had bone only and 35 (70%) had visceral metastases. Companion drug was Fulvestrant in 64%, Letrozole in 20%, Exemestane in 16%. 60% received prior chemotherapy. Best response was CR 3 (6%), PR 23 (46%), SD 4 (8%), PD 17 (34%), not assessed 3 (6%). ORR was 52%. The median PFS was 14 months. PFS in bone only versus visceral disease was 14 months versus 13 months (p = 0.382). Neutropenia was present in 75.2%, thrombocytopenia in 19.5%, anaemia in 18%. Neutropenia was grade 1 in 26%, grade 2 in 51%, grade 3 in 23%; with no febrile neutropenia. 30% had dose delays and 8.2% had dose reduction. Conclusions: Palbociclib has resulted in similar efficacy and safety in Indian patients as the PALOMA trials. Neutropenia was the commonest side effect, which was uncomplicated and easily managed with dose delays. Using CDK4/6 inhibitors with hormonal therapy has become the standard of care in HR+ MBC Indian patients.

Non-invasive Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation: CPAP and BiPAP

Mechanical ventilation is of two types: Invasive and Non-invasive. Invasive mechanical ventilation involves endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. This requires sedation, involves the risk of infection, has major complications and is also extremely uncomfortable for the patient. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) includes Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP). NIPPV reduces the risk of infection and complications and has the added advantage of patient comfort. However, it should be noted that, for the use of NIPPV, the patient should be breathing spontaneously.

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients

The main objective of the study was to assess the oxidative stress in plasma and erythrocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients by measuring the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin E, C and reduced glutathione) and enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)]. This study has been conducted on twenty-two adult female rheumatoid arthritis patients and an equal number of healthy subjects. Elevated lipid peroxidation and multidirectional changes in the antioxidant defence system were noticed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The enhanced lipid peroxidation accompanied by disturbance in antioxidant status indicates that rheumatoid arthritis patients are more prone to free radical mediated oxidative damage.

Altered pattern of lipids in plasma and erythrocyte membranes of rheumatoid arthritis patients

The present study has investigated the levels of lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL and LDL cholesterol), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and vitamin E in plasma and erythrocyte membranes of twenty two clinically diagnosed adult rheumatoid arthritis patients and an equal number of age matched healthy subjects. The levels of lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to healthy subjects. The altered lipid pattern may be related to decreased lipoprotein cholesterol, fatty acids and impairment in antioxidant defence mechanism.