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Shi DS, Rinsky JL, Grimes GR, Chiu SK. Health Hazard Evaluations of occupational cancer cluster concerns: the USA, January 2001-December 2020. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:109-112. [PMID: 37932036 PMCID: PMC10897873 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe recent investigations of potential workplace cancer clusters. METHODS We identified Health Hazard Evaluations (HHEs) of cancer concerns during 2001-2020. We described information about industry, requestors, cancer characteristics, investigative procedures, and determinations about the presence of a cluster (ie, presence of excess cases, unusual case distribution or exposure). RESULTS Of 5754 HHEs, 174 included cancer concerns, comprising 1%-5% of HHEs per year. In 123 HHEs, the cancer cluster concerns involved different cancer primary sites. Investigation procedures varied but included record review (n=63, 36%) and site visits (n=22, 13%). Of 158 HHEs with a cluster determination by investigator(s), 151 (96%) were not considered cancer clusters. In seven HHEs, investigators found evidence of a cluster, but occupational exposure to a carcinogen was not identified. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of HHEs on workplace cancer cluster concerns remained steady over time; most did not meet the definition of a cluster or uncover an occupational cause. Public health practitioners can use this information to provide updated context when addressing workplace cancer cluster concerns and as motivation to refine investigative approaches. More broadly, this review highlights an opportunity to identify best practices on how to apply community cluster investigation methods to the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S Shi
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica L Rinsky
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - George R Grimes
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sophia K Chiu
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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2
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Shi DS, McDonald E, Shah M, Groenewold MR, Haynes JM, Spencer BR, Stramer S, Feldstein LR, Saydah S, Jones J, Chiu SK, Rinsky JL. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among US blood donors by industry, May-December 2021. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:169-173. [PMID: 38047323 PMCID: PMC10843782 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work is a social determinant of health that is often overlooked. There are major work-related differences in the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and death, but there have been few analyses of infection rates across industry groups. To date, only one national assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence by industry based on self-report has been completed. No study has looked at seroprevalence of COVID-19 by industry. METHODS During May-December 2021, blood donors with SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid testing were sent an electronic survey about their work. Free-text industry responses were classified using the North American Industry Classification System. We estimated seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS-CoV-2 infection by industry. RESULTS Of 57,726 donors, 7040 (12%, 95% CI: 11.9%-12.5%) had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Seroprevalence was highest among Accommodation & Food Services (19.3%, 95% CI: 17.1%-21.6%), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (19.2%, 95% CI: 12.8%-27.8%), Healthcare & Social Assistance (15.6%, 95% CI: 14.9%-16.4%), and Construction (14.7%, 95% CI: 13.1%-16.3%). Seroprevalence was lowest among Management of Companies & Enterprises (6.5%, 95% CI: 3.5%-11.5%), Professional Scientific & Technical Services (8.4%, 95% CI: 7.7%-9.0%), and Information (9.9%, 95% CI: 8.5%-11.5%). CONCLUSIONS While workers in all industries had serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, certain sectors were disproportionately impacted. Disease surveillance systems should routinely collect work characteristics so public health and industry leaders can address health disparities using sector-specific policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S. Shi
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily McDonald
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Melisa Shah
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew R. Groenewold
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James M. Haynes
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Bryan R. Spencer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Susan Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Leora R. Feldstein
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sharon Saydah
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jefferson Jones
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sophia K. Chiu
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jessica L. Rinsky
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
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3
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Sun Z, Zhao H, Fang D, Davis CT, Shi DS, Lei K, Rich BE, Winter JM, Guo L, Sorensen LK, Pryor RJ, Zhu N, Lu S, Dickey LL, Doty DJ, Tong Z, Thomas KR, Mueller AL, Grossmann AH, Zhang B, Lane TE, Fujinami RS, Odelberg SJ, Zhu W. Neuroinflammatory disease disrupts the blood-CNS barrier via crosstalk between proinflammatory and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition signaling. Neuron 2022; 110:3106-3120.e7. [PMID: 35961320 PMCID: PMC9547934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the blood-central nervous system barrier (BCNSB) is a hallmark of many neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) occurs in the CNS before the onset of clinical symptoms and plays a major role in the breakdown of BCNSB function. EndoMT can be induced by an IL-1β-stimulated signaling pathway in which activation of the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) leads to crosstalk with the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-SMAD1/5 pathway. Inhibiting the activation of ARF6 both prevents and reverses EndoMT, stabilizes BCNSB function, reduces demyelination, and attenuates symptoms even after the establishment of severe EAE, without immunocompromising the host. Pan-inhibition of ALKs also reduces disease severity in the EAE model. Therefore, multiple components of the IL-1β-ARF6-ALK-SMAD1/5 pathway could be targeted for the treatment of a variety of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglou Sun
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Fang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chadwick T Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kachon Lei
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bianca E Rich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Li Guo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert J Pryor
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nina Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Samuel Lu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel J Doty
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Baowei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Navigen Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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4
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Choudhary R, Webber BJ, Womack LS, Dupont HK, Chiu SK, Wanga V, Gerdes ME, Hsu S, Shi DS, Dulski TM, Idubor OI, Wendel AM, Agathis NT, Anderson K, Boyles T, Click ES, Da Silva J, Evans ME, Gold JA, Haston JC, Loga P, Maloney SA, Martinez M, Natarajan P, Spicer KB, Swancutt M, Stevens VA, Rogers-Brown J, Chandra G, Light M, Barr FE, Snowden J, Kociolek LK, McHugh M, Wessel DL, Simpson JN, Gorman KC, Breslin KA, DeBiasi RL, Thompson A, Kline MW, Boom JA, Singh IR, Dowlin M, Wietecha M, Schweitzer B, Morris SB, Koumans EH, Ko JY, Siegel DA, Kimball AA. Factors Associated With Severe Illness in Patients Aged <21 Years Hospitalized for COVID-19. Hosp Pediatr 2022; 12:760-783. [PMID: 35670605 PMCID: PMC9773098 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pediatric hospitalizations during a period of B.1.617.2 (Δ) variant predominance and to determine age-specific factors associated with severe illness. METHODS We abstracted data from medical charts to conduct a cross-sectional study of patients aged <21 years hospitalized at 6 United States children's hospitals from July to August 2021 for COVID-19 or with an incidental positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test. Among patients with COVID-19, we assessed factors associated with severe illness by calculating age-stratified prevalence ratios (PR). We defined severe illness as receiving high-flow nasal cannula, positive airway pressure, or invasive mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Of 947 hospitalized patients, 759 (80.1%) had COVID-19, of whom 287 (37.8%) had severe illness. Factors associated with severe illness included coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PR 3.64) and bacteria (PR 1.88) in infants; RSV coinfection in patients aged 1 to 4 years (PR 1.96); and obesity in patients aged 5 to 11 (PR 2.20) and 12 to 17 years (PR 2.48). Having ≥2 underlying medical conditions was associated with severe illness in patients aged <1 (PR 1.82), 5 to 11 (PR 3.72), and 12 to 17 years (PR 3.19). CONCLUSIONS Among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, factors associated with severe illness included RSV coinfection in those aged <5 years, obesity in those aged 5 to 17 years, and other underlying conditions for all age groups <18 years. These findings can inform pediatric practice, risk communication, and prevention strategies, including vaccination against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewa Choudhary
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bryant J. Webber
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
| | - Lindsay S. Womack
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Hannah K. Dupont
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sophia K. Chiu
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Valentine Wanga
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megan E. Gerdes
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sophia Hsu
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Dallas S. Shi
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theresa M. Dulski
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Osatohamwen I. Idubor
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Arthur M. Wendel
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nickolas T. Agathis
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristi Anderson
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tricia Boyles
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eleanor S. Click
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary E. Evans
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeremy A.W. Gold
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julia C. Haston
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pamela Loga
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan A. Maloney
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marisol Martinez
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pavithra Natarajan
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kevin B. Spicer
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark Swancutt
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Valerie A. Stevens
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica Rogers-Brown
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gyan Chandra
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megan Light
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Larry K. Kociolek
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew McHugh
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Thompson
- Children’s Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane University School of Medicine and LSU Health, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mark W. Kline
- Children’s Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane University School of Medicine and LSU Health, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Julie A. Boom
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ila R. Singh
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Dowlin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Beth Schweitzer
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sapna Bamrah Morris
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emilia H. Koumans
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean Y. Ko
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David A. Siegel
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anne A. Kimball
- COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Shi DS, Whitaker M, Marks KJ, Anglin O, Milucky J, Patel K, Pham H, Chai SJ, Kawasaki B, Meek J, Anderson EJ, Weigel A, Henderson J, Lynfield R, Ropp SL, Muse A, Bushey S, Billing LM, Sutton M, Talbot HK, Price A, Taylor CA, Havers FP. Hospitalizations of Children Aged 5-11 Years with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 2020-February 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:574-581. [PMID: 35446827 PMCID: PMC9042359 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7116e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Wanga V, Gerdes ME, Shi DS, Choudhary R, Dulski TM, Hsu S, Idubor OI, Webber BJ, Wendel AM, Agathis NT, Anderson K, Boyles T, Chiu SK, Click ES, Da Silva J, Dupont H, Evans M, Gold JA, Haston J, Logan P, Maloney SA, Martinez M, Natarajan P, Spicer KB, Swancutt M, Stevens VA, Brown J, Chandra G, Light M, Barr FE, Snowden J, Kociolek LK, McHugh M, Wessel D, Simpson JN, Gorman KC, Breslin KA, DeBiasi RL, Thompson A, Kline MW, Bloom JA, Singh IR, Dowlin M, Wietecha M, Schweitzer B, Morris SB, Koumans EH, Ko JY, Kimball AA, Siegel DA. Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years Hospitalized with COVID-19 - Six Hospitals, United States, July-August 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1766-1772. [PMID: 34968374 PMCID: PMC8736272 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm705152a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Shi DS, Weaver VM, Hodgson MJ, Tustin AW. Hospitalised heat-related acute kidney injury in indoor and outdoor workers in the USA. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:184-191. [PMID: 34750240 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise heat-related acute kidney injury (HR-AKI) among US workers in a range of industries. METHODS Two data sources were analysed: archived case files of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing from 2010 through 2020; and a Severe Injury Reports (SIR) database of work-related hospitalisations that employers reported to federal OSHA from 2015 to 2020. Confirmed, probable and possible cases of HR-AKI were ascertained by serum creatinine measurements and narrative incident descriptions. Industry-specific incidence rates of HR-AKI were computed. A capture-recapture analysis assessed under-reporting in SIR. RESULTS There were 608 HR-AKI cases, including 22 confirmed cases and 586 probable or possible cases. HR-AKI occurred in indoor and outdoor industries including manufacturing, construction, mail and package delivery, and solid waste collection. Among confirmed cases, 95.2% were male, 50.0% had hypertension and 40.9% were newly hired workers. Incidence rates of AKI hospitalisations from 1.0 to 2.5 hours per 100 000 workers per year were observed in high-risk industries. Analysis of overlap between the data sources found that employers reported only 70.6% of eligible HR-AKI hospitalisations to OSHA, and only 41.2% of reports contained a consistent diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Workers were hospitalised with HR-AKI in diverse industries, including indoor facilities. Because of under-reporting and underascertainment, national surveillance databases underestimate the true burden of occupational HR-AKI. Clinicians should consider kidney risk from recurrent heat stress. Employers should provide interventions, such as comprehensive heat stress prevention programmes, that include acclimatisation protocols for new workers, to prevent HR-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S Shi
- Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Virginia M Weaver
- Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Hodgson
- Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aaron W Tustin
- Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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8
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Zhu W, Shi DS, Winter JM, Rich BE, Tong Z, Sorensen LK, Zhao H, Huang Y, Tai Z, Mleynek TM, Yoo JH, Dunn C, Ling J, Bergquist JA, Richards JR, Jiang A, Lesniewski LA, Hartnett ME, Ward DM, Mueller AL, Ostanin K, Thomas KR, Odelberg SJ, Li DY. Small GTPase ARF6 controls VEGFR2 trafficking and signaling in diabetic retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4569-4582. [PMID: 29058688 DOI: 10.1172/jci91770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating sequelae of diabetes mellitus include microvascular permeability, which results in retinopathy. Despite clinical and scientific advances, there remains a need for new approaches to treat retinopathy. Here, we have presented a possible treatment strategy, whereby targeting the small GTPase ARF6 alters VEGFR2 trafficking and reverses signs of pathology in 4 animal models that represent features of diabetic retinopathy and in a fifth model of ocular pathological angiogenesis. Specifically, we determined that the same signaling pathway utilizes distinct GEFs to sequentially activate ARF6, and these GEFs exert distinct but complementary effects on VEGFR2 trafficking and signal transduction. ARF6 activation was independently regulated by 2 different ARF GEFs - ARNO and GEP100. Interaction between VEGFR2 and ARNO activated ARF6 and stimulated VEGFR2 internalization, whereas a VEGFR2 interaction with GEP100 activated ARF6 to promote VEGFR2 recycling via coreceptor binding. Intervening in either pathway inhibited VEGFR2 signal output. Finally, using a combination of in vitro, cellular, genetic, and pharmacologic techniques, we demonstrated that ARF6 is pivotal in VEGFR2 trafficking and that targeting ARF6-mediated VEGFR2 trafficking has potential as a therapeutic approach for retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Bianca E Rich
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Navigen Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China, China
| | | | - Helong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China, China
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China, China
| | | | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Jing Ling
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Jackson R Richards
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine.,Department of Oncological Sciences and
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology
| | | | | | | | | | - Kirk R Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, and
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China, China.,Department of Oncological Sciences and.,Department of Cardiology, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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9
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Sun JM, Cui KQ, Li ZP, Lu XR, Xu ZF, Liu QY, Huang B, Shi DS. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves the development and acetylation level of miniature porcine handmade cloning embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:763-774. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JM Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - KQ Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - ZP Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - XR Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - ZF Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - QY Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - B Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - DS Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
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10
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Sun HL, Meng LN, Zhao X, Jiang JR, Liu QY, Shi DS, Lu FH. Effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 on methylation in buffalo adult fibroblasts and subsequent embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8455. [PMID: 27706684 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Buffalo are characteristic livestock of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, but their low reproductive capacity necessitates the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We investigated the effects of RG108 on DNA methylation in buffalo adult fibroblasts, and on subsequent SCNT embryo development. RG108 treatment (0, 5, 10, 20, and 100 mM) had no effect on cell morphology, viability, or karyotype (2n = 48), and cell growth followed a typical "S" curve. Immunohistochemistry showed that relative DNA methylation gradually decreased as RG108 concentration increased, and was significantly lower in the 20 and 100 mM groups compared to the 0, 5, and 10 mM treatments (0.94 ± 0.03 and 0.92 ± 0.05 vs 1.0 ± 0.02, 0.98 ± 0.05, and 0.98 ± 0.09, respectively; P < 0.05). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that DNMT1 gene expression of fibroblasts administered 10, 20, and 100 mM RG108 was significantly lower than those in the 0 and 5 mM groups (0.2 ± 0.05, 0.18 ± 0.07, and 0.3 ± 0.09 vs 1.0 ± 0.12 and 1.4 ± 0.12, respectively; P < 0.05). Treatment with 20 mM RG108 resulted in the lowest expression levels. Fibroblasts incubated with 20 mM RG108 for 72 h were used as donor cells to generate SCNT embryos. A greater number of such embryos developed into blastocysts compared to the non-treated group (28.9 ± 3.9 vs 15.3 ± 3.4%; P < 0.05). RG108 treatment can modify DNA methylation in buffalo adult fibroblasts and promote development of subsequent SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Sun
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Reproductive Medicine Department, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - L N Meng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - X Zhao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - J R Jiang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Q Y Liu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - D S Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - F H Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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11
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Shi DS, Jensen JD, Kramer GD, Zaugg B, Stagg BC, Pettey JH, Barlow WR, Olson RJ. Comparison of Vacuum and Aspiration on Phacoemulsification Efficiency and Chatter Using a Monitored Forced Infusion System. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 169:162-167. [PMID: 27349412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of vacuum and aspiration rates on phacoemulsification efficiency and chatter using a monitored forced infusion system. DESIGN In vitro animal study. METHODS SETTING John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. PROCEDURES Formalin-soaked porcine lenses were divided into 2 mm cubes (tip diameter, 0.9 mm). Vacuum levels were tested at 200, 300, 400, and 500 mm Hg; aspiration rates at 20, 35, and 50 mL/min. Torsional power was set at 60% and intraocular pressure at 50 mm Hg. RESULTS Increasing vacuum increased efficiency regardless of aspiration rates (R(2) = 0.92; P = .0004). Increasing aspiration further increased efficiency when vacuum was at 400 and 500 mm Hg (P = .004 for 20 vs 35 mL/min, P = .0008 for 35 vs 50 mL/min). At 200 and 300 mm Hg, efficiency only improved when increasing aspiration to 35 mL/min (P < .0001 with 20 vs 35 + 50 mL/min). Chatter improved with increasing vacuum, up to 400 mm Hg (P = .003 for 200 vs 300 mm Hg and P = .045 for 300 vs 500 mm Hg). A similar trend of improved chatter was seen with increasing levels of aspiration. CONCLUSIONS Vacuum improved efficiency up to 500 mm Hg independent of flow. Flow has an additive effect on efficiency through 50 mL/min, when vacuum is at 400 mm Hg or higher, and only up to 35 mL/min at vacuums less than 400 mm Hg. Chatter correlated with both vacuum and flow such that increasing either parameter decreases chatter, up to 400 mm Hg with vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jason D Jensen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gregory D Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian Zaugg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian C Stagg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeff H Pettey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - William R Barlow
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Randall J Olson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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12
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Yoo JH, Shi DS, Grossmann AH, Sorensen LK, Tong Z, Mleynek TM, Rogers A, Zhu W, Richards JR, Winter JM, Zhu J, Dunn C, Bajji A, Shenderovich M, Mueller AL, Woodman SE, Harbour JW, Thomas KR, Odelberg SJ, Ostanin K, Li DY. ARF6 Is an Actionable Node that Orchestrates Oncogenic GNAQ Signaling in Uveal Melanoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:889-904. [PMID: 27265506 PMCID: PMC5027844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in Gαq proteins, which form the α subunit of certain heterotrimeric G proteins, drive uveal melanoma oncogenesis by triggering multiple downstream signaling pathways, including PLC/PKC, Rho/Rac, and YAP. Here we show that the small GTPase ARF6 acts as a proximal node of oncogenic Gαq signaling to induce all of these downstream pathways as well as β-catenin signaling. ARF6 activates these diverse pathways through a common mechanism: the trafficking of GNAQ and β-catenin from the plasma membrane to cytoplasmic vesicles and the nucleus, respectively. Blocking ARF6 with a small-molecule inhibitor reduces uveal melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in a mouse model, confirming the functional relevance of this pathway and suggesting a therapeutic strategy for Gα-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - ZongZhong Tong
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tara M Mleynek
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aaron Rogers
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jackson R Richards
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Dunn
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Ashok Bajji
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; VioGen Biosciences LLC, Salt Lake City, UT 84119, USA
| | - Mark Shenderovich
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Mol3D Research LLC, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Alan L Mueller
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - J William Harbour
- Ocular Oncology Service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kirill Ostanin
- Navigen Inc., 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Cardiology, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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13
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Jensen JD, Shi DS, Robinson MS, Kramer GD, Zaugg B, Stagg BC, Pettey JH, Barlow WR, Olson RJ. Torsional power study using CENTURION phacoemulsification technology. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 44:710-713. [PMID: 26999336 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of varying levels of power on phacoemulsification efficiency using the CENTURION Vision System. METHODS Formalin-soaked porcine lenses were divided into 2-mm cubes; 0.9-mm, balanced tips were used. Torsional power levels were tested from 10% to 100% at 10% intervals. Vacuum was set to 550 mmHg, aspiration to 50 ml/min, and intraocular pressure at 50 mmHg. Efficiency (time to lens removal) and chatter (number of lens fragment repulsions from the tip) were determined. RESULTS Increasing torsional power up to 60% increased efficiency. This effect was linear from 30 to 60% power (R2 = .90; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in efficiency past 60%. Chatter was highest at 10% power and decreased linearly (R2 = .87; P = 0.007) as power was increased up to 60% power, and chatter did not improve above this power level. CONCLUSIONS Power improved efficiency only up to a 60% power level, and then was negligible. Chatter correlated well with power up to the 60% level, so that as power was increased, chatter decreased. Because there are no additional benefits in efficiency past 60% power, and because chatter is minimal at 60% power, we recommend torsional ultrasound at 60% as the optimal power setting for using the CENTURION System for phacoemulsification.l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jensen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark S Robinson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gregory D Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brian Zaugg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brian C Stagg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeff H Pettey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William R Barlow
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall J Olson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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14
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Shi DS, Smith MCP, Campbell RA, Zimmerman PW, Franks ZB, Kraemer BF, Machlus KR, Ling J, Kamba P, Schwertz H, Rowley JW, Miles RR, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M, Italiano JE, Christensen H, Kahr WHA, Li DY, Weyrich AS. Proteasome function is required for platelet production. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3757-66. [PMID: 25061876 DOI: 10.1172/jci75247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibiter bortezomib has been successfully used to treat patients with relapsed multiple myeloma; however, many of these patients become thrombocytopenic, and it is not clear how the proteasome influences platelet production. Here we determined that pharmacologic inhibition of proteasome activity blocks proplatelet formation in human and mouse megakaryocytes. We also found that megakaryocytes isolated from mice deficient for PSMC1, an essential subunit of the 26S proteasome, fail to produce proplatelets. Consistent with decreased proplatelet formation, mice lacking PSMC1 in platelets (Psmc1(fl/fl) Pf4-Cre mice) exhibited severe thrombocytopenia and died shortly after birth. The failure to produce proplatelets in proteasome-inhibited megakaryocytes was due to upregulation and hyperactivation of the small GTPase, RhoA, rather than NF-κB, as has been previously suggested. Inhibition of RhoA or its downstream target, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), restored megakaryocyte proplatelet formation in the setting of proteasome inhibition in vitro. Similarly, fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor used clinically to treat cerebral vasospasm, restored platelet counts in adult mice that were made thrombocytopenic by tamoxifen-induced suppression of proteasome activity in megakaryocytes and platelets (Psmc1(fl/fl) Pdgf-Cre-ER mice). These results indicate that proteasome function is critical for thrombopoiesis, and suggest inhibition of RhoA signaling as a potential strategy to treat thrombocytopenia in bortezomib-treated multiple myeloma patients.
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15
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Mleynek TM, Chan AC, Redd M, Gibson CC, Davis CT, Shi DS, Chen T, Carter KL, Ling J, Blanco R, Gerhardt H, Whitehead K, Li DY. Lack of CCM1 induces hypersprouting and impairs response to flow. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6223-34. [PMID: 24990152 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a disease of vascular malformations known to be caused by mutations in one of three genes: CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3. Despite several studies, the mechanism of CCM lesion onset remains unclear. Using a Ccm1 knockout mouse model, we studied the morphogenesis of early lesion formation in the retina in order to provide insight into potential mechanisms. We demonstrate that lesions develop in a stereotypic location and pattern, preceded by endothelial hypersprouting as confirmed in a zebrafish model of disease. The vascular defects seen with loss of Ccm1 suggest a defect in endothelial flow response. Taken together, these results suggest new mechanisms of early CCM disease pathogenesis and provide a framework for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Mleynek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | - Aubrey C Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Dallas S Shi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics
| | - Tiehua Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Small Animal Ultrasound Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
| | - Kandis L Carter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Small Animal Ultrasound Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
| | | | - Raquel Blanco
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, VIB3-Vesalius Research Center and CMVB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, Herestraat 49 box 912, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Whitehead
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Small Animal Ultrasound Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA and
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncological Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA and The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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16
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Zhu W, London NR, Gibson CC, Davis CT, Tong Z, Sorensen LK, Shi DS, Guo J, Smith MCP, Grossmann AH, Thomas KR, Li DY. Interleukin receptor activates a MYD88-ARNO-ARF6 cascade to disrupt vascular stability. Nature 2012; 492:252-5. [PMID: 23143332 PMCID: PMC3521847 DOI: 10.1038/nature11603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response is essential for combating infectious disease. Macrophages and other cells respond to infection by releasing cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which in turn activate a well-described myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) -mediated, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) -dependent transcriptional pathway that results in inflammatory cell activation and recruitment1–4. Endothelial cells, which usually serve as a barrier to the movement of inflammatory cells out of the blood and into tissue, are also critical mediators of the inflammatory response5,6. Paradoxically, the same cytokines vital to a successful immune defense also have disruptive effects on endothelial cell-cell interactions and can trigger degradation of barrier function and dissociation of tissue architecture7–9. The mechanism of this barrier dissolution and its relationship to the canonical NF-κB pathway remains ill defined. Here we show that the direct, immediate, and disruptive effects of IL-1β on endothelial stability are NF-κB independent and are instead the result of signaling via the small GTPase, ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), and its activator, ARF nucleotide binding site opener (ARNO). Moreover, we show that ARNO binds directly to the adaptor protein MYD88, and thus propose MYD88-ARNO-ARF6 as a proximal IL-1β signaling pathway distinct from that mediated by NF-κB (Supplementary Fig. 1). Finally, we show that SecinH3, an inhibitor of ARF guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) such as ARNO, enhances vascular stability and significantly improves outcomes in animal models of inflammatory arthritis and acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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17
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Li DR, Qin GS, Wei YM, Lu FH, Huang QS, Jiang HS, Shi DS, Shi ZD. Immunisation against inhibin enhances follicular development, oocyte maturation and superovulatory response in water buffaloes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:788-97. [PMID: 21791180 DOI: 10.1071/rd10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to test the feasibility of enhancing embryo production in vivo and in vitro by immunoneutralisation against inhibin or follistatin. In Experiment 1, multi-parity buffaloes were assigned into three groups: High group (n=8), which received one primary (2mg) and two booster (1mg) vaccinations (28-day intervals) with a recombinant inhibin α subunit in 1 mL of white oil adjuvant; Low group (n=8), which received half that dose; and Control group (n=7), which received only adjuvant. Immunisation against inhibin stimulated development of ovarian follicles. Following superovulation and artificial insemination, inhibin-immunised buffaloes had more developing follicles than the Control buffaloes. The average number of embryos and unfertilised ova (4.5±0.6, n=6) in the High group was higher (P<0.05) than in the Control group (2.8±0.6, n=5) and was intermediate (4.1±0.7, n=7) in the Low group. The pooled number of transferable embryos of the High and Low groups (3.2±0.5, n=13) was also higher (P<0.05) than that (1.6±0.7, n=5) of the controls. The immunised groups also had higher plasma concentrations of activin, oestradiol and progesterone. In Experiment 2, the addition of anti-inhibin or anti-follistatin antibodies into buffalo oocyte IVM maturation medium significantly improved oocyte maturation and cleavage rates following parthenogenic activation. Treatment with anti-follistatin antibody also doubled the blastocyst yield from activated embryos. These results demonstrated that immunisation against inhibin stimulated follicular development, enhanced oocyte quality and maturation competence, yielded more and better embryos both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Li
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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18
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Abstract
The effect of temperature gradients on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes was examined in this study. Six treatment groups were made by combining 3 different maturation periods (0 to 10 h, 10 to 18 h and 18 to 24 h) with 2 different culture temperatures (37.0 degrees C and 38.5 degrees C). The frequency of oocytes matured to the metaphase II stage was apparently gradually increased as the culture temperature was increased from 37.0 degrees C to 38.5 degrees C at 0, 10 and 18 h after the onset of culture (75.2 vs 80.5, 82.3 and 84.3%, respectively), but this difference was not significant. Neither was the minor decrease in the proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II when the temperature was decreased from 38.5 degrees C to 37.0 degrees C at 10 and at 18 h after the onset of maturation (84.3 vs 82.4 and 78.0%, respectively). However, more oocytes cleaved (79.2%; P = 0.0653) and developed to morulae (43.6%; P = 0.0019) and blastocysts (27.4%; P = 0.1568) when they were in vitro matured at 38.5 degrees C between 0 and 10 h, and then at 37.0 degrees C from 10 to 24 h. Although only the morula group was statistically different, cleavage- (79.2 vs 69.8, 72.5, 74.2, 76.3, 74.3%, respectively) and blastocyst formation (27.4 vs 23.2, 24.6, 25.2, 19.6, 21.9%, respectively) from this group was the highest among the 6 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Shi
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
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