Toward the Definition of Personalized Nutrition: A Proposal by The American Nutrition Association

Personalized nutrition holds tremendous potential to improve human health. Despite exponential growth, the field has yet to be clearly delineated and a consensus definition of the term "personalized nutrition" (PN) has not been developed. Defining and delineating the field will foster standardization and scalability in research, data, training, products, services, and clinical practice; and assist in driving favorable policy. Building on the seminal work of pioneering thought leaders across disciplines, we propose that personalized nutrition be defined as: a field that leverages human individuality to drive nutrition strategies that prevent, manage, and treat disease and optimize health, and be delineated by three synergistic elements: PN science and data, PN professional education and training, and PN guidance and therapeutics. Herein we describe the application of PN in these areas and discuss challenges and solutions that the field faces as it evolves. This and future work will contribute to the continued refinement and growth of the field of PN.Teaching pointsPN approaches can be most effective when there is consensus regarding its definition and applications.PN can be delineated into three main areas of application: PN science and data, PN education and training, PN guidance and therapeutics.PN science and data foster understanding about the impact of genetic, phenotypic, biochemical and nutritional inputs on an individual's health.PN education and training equip a variety of healthcare professionals to apply PN strategies in many healthcare settings.PN professionals have greater ability to tailor interventions via PN guidance and therapeutics.Favorable policy allows PN to be more fully integrated into the healthcare system.

Fast and selective separation of carbon dioxide from dilute streams by pressure swing adsorption using solid ionic liquids

The need to create a new approach to carbon capture processes that are economically viable has led to the design and synthesis of sorbents that selectively capture carbon dioxide by physisorption. Solid Ionic Liquids (SoILs) were targeted because of their tunable properties and solid form under operational conditions. Molecular modelling was used to identify candidate SoILs and a number of materials based on the low cost, environmentally friendly acetate anion were selected. The materials showed excellent selectivity for carbon dioxide over nitrogen and oxygen and moderate sorption capacity. However, the rate of capture was extremely fast, in the order of a few seconds for a complete adsorb-desorb cycle, under pressure swing conditions from 1 to 10 bar. This showed the importance of rate of sorption cycling over capacity and demonstrates that smaller inventories of sorbents and smaller process equipment are required to capture low concentration CO₂ streams. Concentrated CO₂ was isolated by releasing the pressure back to atmospheric. The low volatility and thermal stability of SoILs mean that both plant costs and materials costs can be reduced and plant size considerably reduced.

The determination of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutane-1,1-diphosphonic acid monosodium salt trihydrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms by high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay is reported for the determination of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (AHBuDP) monosodium salt trihydrate, a new inhibitor of bone resorption. The compound does not demonstrate any intrinsic UV properties and thus pre-column derivatization of the primary amino group of the drug with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) at pH 9 in the presence of sodium citrate is required to facilitate UV detection of the analyte. Excess derivatization reagent is extracted with methylene chloride and an aliquot of the aqueous portion is assayed on a polymeric phase (Hamilton PRP-1) at 35 degrees C by reversed-phase HPLC. A mobile phase of 0.05 M citrate and 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 8.0)-acetonitrile-methanol (75:20:5, v/v/v) is utilized with UV detection at 266 nm. Application of the method to the analysis of AHBuDP in I.V. solution, tablet and capsule formulations is presented.

Suprapubic Cystotomy in a Stallion

A five-year-old Thoroughbred stallion had been showing urinary incontinence with staining of the hind legs for some time, and was in poor physical condition. On rectal examination a large calculus was palpated in the urinary bladder. Urine culture revealed a Proteus infection. The calculus, weighing 420 gm., was removed by laparo-cystotomy, using a left paramedian approach well anterior to the external inguinal ring. Anaesthesia was maintained with halothane during the operation. Aftercare included treatment with antibiotics, a diuretic, hot fomentations on the edematous area, and mild exercise. The stallion made a complete recovery, and was discharged twenty-seven days post-operatively.