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Promising Effects of Casearins in Tumor-Bearing Mice and Antinociceptive Action against Oncologic Pain: Molecular Docking and In Vivo Findings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:633. [PMID: 38794204 PMCID: PMC11124378 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Safer analgesic drugs remain a hard challenge because of cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal toxicity, mainly. So, this study evaluated in vivo the antiproliferative actions of a fraction with casearins (FC) from Casearia sylvestris leaves against human colorectal carcinomas and antihyperalgesic effects on inflammatory- or opiate-based pain relief and oncologic pain in Sarcoma 180 (S180)-bearing mice. Moreover, docking investigations evaluated the binding among Casearin X and NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)-type glutamate receptors. HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma-xenografted mice were treated with FC for 15 days. Antinociceptive assays included chemically induced algesia and investigated mechanisms by pharmacological blockade. Intraplantar region S180-bearing animals received a single dose of FC and were examined for mechanical allodynia and behavior alterations. AutoDock Vina determined molecular interactions among Cas X and NMDA receptor subunits. FC reduced tumor growth at i.p. (5 and 10 mg/kg) and oral (25 mg/kg/day) doses (31.12-39.27%). FC reduced abdominal pain, as confirmed by formalin and glutamate protocols, whose antinociception activity was blocked by naloxone and L-NAME (neurogenic phase) and naloxone, atropine, and flumazenil (inflammatory phase). Meanwhile, glibenclamide potentiated the FC analgesic effects. FC increased the paw withdrawal threshold without producing changes in exploratory parameters or motor coordination. Cas X generated a more stable complex with active sites of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunits. FC is a promising antitumor agent against colorectal carcinomas, has peripheral analgesic effects by desensitizing secondary afferent neurons, and inhibits glutamate release from presynaptic neurons and/or their action on cognate receptors. These findings emphasize the use of clerodane diterpenes against cancer-related pain conditions.
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Toxic profile of marinobufagin from poisonous Amazon toads and antitumoral effects on human colorectal carcinomas. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116406. [PMID: 36965547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE South Americans natives have extensively used the toad "kururu" to reduce/treat skin infections, cutaneous lesions and sores. They release secretions rich in bufadienolides, polyhydroxy steroids with well-documented cardiotonic and antiproliferative actions, but in vivo antitumoral evaluations in mammals are rare, and toxicological safety has been left in second place. AIMS OF THE STUDY This investigation used in silico, in vitro and in vivo tools to evaluate acute and subacute toxic effects of marinobufagin and the anticancer action in tumor-bearing mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, in silico toxic predictions were performed, followed by in vitro assays using human and murine normal and tumor lines. Next, acute and subacute studies on mice investigated the behavior, hematological and intestinal transit profile and antitumoral activity of marinobufagin in sarcoma 180- and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma-transplanted mice for 7 and 15 days, respectively. Ex vivo and in vivo cytogenetic assays in Sarcoma 180 and bone marrow cells and histopathological examinations were also executed. RESULTS In silico studies revealed ecotoxicological effects on crustaceans (Daphnia sp.), fishes (Pimephales promelas and Oryzias latipes), and algae. A 24-h marinobufagin-induced acute toxicity included signals of central activity, mainly (vocal frenzy, absence of body tonus, increased ventilation, ataxia, and equilibrium loss), and convulsions and death at 10 mg/kg. The bufadienolide presented effective in vitro cytotoxic action on human lines of colorectal carcinomas in a similar way to ouabain and tumor reduction in marinobufagin-treated SCID-bearing HCT-116 heterotopic xenografts. Animals under subacute nonlethal doses exhibited a decrease in creatinine clearance with normal levels of blood urea, probably as a result of a marinobufagin-induced renal perfusion fall. Nevertheless, only minor morphological side effects were identified in kidneys, livers, hearts and lungs. CONCLUSIONS Marinobufagin has in vitro and in vivo anticancer action on colorectal carcinoma and mild and reversible alterations in key metabolic organs without direct chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal effects at subacute exposure, but it causes acute ataxia, equilibrium loss, convulsions and death at higher acute exposure.
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Natural Dibenzo[b,f]oxepines, Pacharin and Bauhiniastatin-1, Isolated from Bauhinia acuruana Induce Apoptosis on Breast Cancer Cells via MCL-1 Protein Reduction. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:286-294. [PMID: 35896509 DOI: 10.1055/a-1910-5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the antiproliferative effects of two natural dibenzo [b,f]oxepines, pacharin and bauhiniastatin-1, isolated from Bauhinia acuruana on a breast cancer cell line and the mode of action underlying the cytotoxicity. Both compounds were cytotoxic in a panel of six tumor lines analyzed by the MTT assay, and IC50 values ranged from 7.8 to 45.1 µM, including human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. In contrast, none of the compounds were cytotoxic on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC50 > 100 µM). Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells treated with pacharin or bauhiniastatin-1 20 µM for 24 h presented a reduction in cell volume and intensification of chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic cells. These findings became more evident after 48 h of exposure. Antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 family members, such as myeloid cell leukemia-1 and B-cell lymphoma-extra large, are important targets in cancer cells since their overexpression confers resistance to cancer treatments. A significant reduction of the myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein levels in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells after 24 h of treatment with pacharin or bauhiniastatin-1 at 20 µM was observed, while the B-cell lymphoma-extra large protein content was reduced in bauhiniastatin-1-treated cells at 40 µM only. The cytotoxic effects of pacharin and bauhiniastatin-1 are likely linked to myeloid cell leukemia-1 inhibition, which leads to the apoptosis of breast adenocarcinoma cells.
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Arsenic Trioxide Triggers Apoptosis of Metastatic Oral Squamous Cells Carcinoma with Concomitant Downregulation of GLI1 in Hedgehog Signaling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123293. [PMID: 36552049 PMCID: PMC9775978 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the lack of advances in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) therapy in recent years, pharmacological strategies to block OSCC-related signaling pathways have gained prominence. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) concerning its antitumoral effects and the inhibition of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway in OSCC. Initially, ATO cytotoxicity was assessed in a panel of cell lines. Cell viability, cell cycle, death patterns, and cell morphology were analyzed, as well as the effect of ATO on the expression of HH pathway components. After the cytotoxic assay, HSC3 cells were chosen for all in vitro assays. ATO increased apoptotic cell death and nuclear fragmentation in the sub-G1 cell cycle phase and promoted changes in cell morphology. In addition, the reduced expression of GLI1 indicated that ATO inhibits HH activity. The present study provides evidence of ATO as an effective cytotoxic drug for oral cancer treatment in vitro.
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Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in antitumor therapies based on autophagy-related mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105582. [PMID: 33775862 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are the most common drugs used to relieve acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this article, we present a review about the use of CQ and HCQ in antitumor therapies based on autophagy mechanisms. These molecules break/discontinue autophagosome-lysosome fusions in initial phases and enhance antiproliferative action of chemotherapeutics. Their sensitizing effects of chemotherapy when used as an adjuvant option in clinical trials against cancer. However, human related-MDR genes are also under risk to develop chemo or radioresistance because cancer cells have ability to throw 4-aminoquinolines out from digestive vacuoles well. Additionally, they also have antitumor mechanism unrelated to autophagy, including cell death from apoptosis and necroptosis and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties. However, the link between some anticancer mechanisms, clinical efficacy and pharmacological safety has not yet been fully defined.
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Piplartine (piperlongumine), oxidative stress, and use in cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chemical composition, larvicidal and cytotoxic activity of Annona salzmannii (Annonaceae) seed oil. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000418479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Inhibition of CAL27 Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell by Targeting Hedgehog Pathway With Vismodegib or Itraconazole. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563838. [PMID: 33312948 PMCID: PMC7703359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents an important challenge for the health systems worldwide. Thus, unraveling the biological mechanisms involved in OSCC pathogenesis is essential to the discovery of new drugs with anticancer potential. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway has shown promising results as a therapeutic target both in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vismodegib and itraconazole on the expression of Hedgehog (HH) genes (PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1), cell cycle and cell death in OSCC cells. Alamar Blue assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of vismodegib and itraconazole in a panel of oral cancer cell lines, including CAL27. The expression of HH signaling components after treatment with vismodegib and itraconazole, at concentrations of 25 or 50 μg/ml was evaluated by qPCR. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry after 72 h treatment with 50 μg/ml of vismodegib or itraconazole. HH signaling was activated in OSCC cell lines CAL27, SCC4, SCC9, and HSC3. Vismodegib and itraconazole significantly reduced CAL27 cell viability after 48 h of treatment. Gene expression of PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1 decreased in response to 24 h of treatment with vismodegib or itraconazole. Furthermore, CAL27 cells exhibited alterations in morphology, cell size, and cellular granularity. An increase in the DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment and both inhibitors induced apoptosis after 72 h. In conclusion, SMO inhibitors vismodegib and itraconazole demonstrably reduced the expression of HH genes in CAL27 OSCC cell line. In addition, treatment with vismodegib and itraconazole reduced cellular viability and altered the morphology of CAL27 cells, and also induced apoptosis.
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Hedgehog pathway activation in oral squamous cell carcinoma: cancer-associated fibroblasts exhibit nuclear GLI-1 localization. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:675-684. [PMID: 33000351 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Hedgehog (HH) signaling molecules (SHH and GLI-1) by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect molecular HH signaling and CAF-related protein expression, including α-SMA and S100A4, in 70 samples of human OSCC. The colocalization of α-SMA and S100A4 with SHH was also evaluated by double-staining. In vitro study was performed using primary normal oral fibroblast (NOF) and CAF through immunofluorescence and Western Blot for CAF-proteins, SHH, and GLI-1. Forty-five cases (64.28%) were positive for α-SMA exclusively in tumor stroma, and S100A4 was identified in the cytoplasm of CAFs in 94.28% (n = 66) of the cases. With respect to stromal cells, 64 (91.43%) OSCC cases were positive for SHH, and 31 were positive for GLI-1 (44.29%); positive correlations were found between SHH and α-SMA (p < 0.0001, φ = 0.51), as well as between SHH and S100A4 (p = 0.087, φ = 0.94). Protein expression of SHH and GLI-1 was observed in primary CAFs and NOFs. Although SHH was found to be localized in the cellular cytoplasm of both cell types, GLI-1 was present only in the nuclei of CAF. Our results indicate that CAFs are not only potential sources of HH ligands in tumor stroma, but may also respond to HH signaling through nuclear GLI-1 activation. We further observed that elevated SHH expression by OSCC cells was associated with higher CAF density, reinforcing the chemoattractant role played by these molecules.
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Characterization of β-cyclodextrin/myrtenol complex and its protective effect against nociceptive behavior and cognitive impairment in a chronic musculoskeletal pain model. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116448. [PMID: 32536383 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myrtenol has gained wide interest because of its pharmacological profiles, mainly for treatment of chronic diseases. To improve the solubility of myrtenol, the formation of inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin was performed by physical mixture, kneading process or slurry complexation (SC) methods and characterized using thermal analysis, XRD, SEM and NMR. From these results, myrtenol complexed by SC was successfully complexed into β-cyclodextrin cavity. The interaction between myrtenol and β-cyclodextrin was confirmed by molecular docking. Hence, the SC β-cyclodextrin-myrtenol complex was evaluate for its anti-hyperalgesic, anxiolytic and antioxidant activity in a fibromyalgia model. Results show that myrtenol and β-cyclodextrin form a stable complex and have anti-hyperalgesic effect, improve the cognitive impairment caused and have an anxiolytic-like effect. Furthermore, the β-cyclodextrin/myrtenol complex decrease lipoperoxidation, increased catalase activity and a reduce SOD/CAT ratio. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin/myrtenol complex reduce painful behavior, improves motor skills and emotional behavior and decreases oxidative stress in a fibromyalgia model.
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An investigation into the interaction between piplartine (piperlongumine) and human serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117084. [PMID: 31136859 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Piplartines are alkaloid amides present in the roots and stems of different pepper species which have promising pharmacological properties including cancer prevention. Some recent studies have determined pharmacokinetic parameters of piplartine in rat blood plasma but without pointing to any molecular target or describing the physicochemical forces of the interaction. The present study investigated the interaction between piplartine and human serum albumin (HSA) the predominant protein in blood plasma. Fluorescence spectroscopy was utilized to observe the complex HSA-piplartine formation. Thermodynamic parameter analysis indicates that the process occurs spontaneously and is enthalpically driven; the affinity constant suggests that this interaction is reversible. This was reinforced by the binding density function method and by the displacement analysis that the piplartine binds on HSA at a single site, which was determined to be the IIA sub-domain. In silico analysis (molecular docking) identified the main residues involved in binding and the corresponding forces, which corroborates well with the experimental results.
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Pharmacological and physicochemical profile of arylacetamides as tools against human cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114692. [PMID: 31356931 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Arylacetamides are widely used as synthetic intermediates to obtain medicinal substances. This work evaluated in vitro antiproliferative activity of ten 2-Chloro-N-arylacetamides on human normal and cancer cells and detailed in vivo toxicological and anticancer investigations. Initially, cytotoxic colorimetric assays were performed using tumor lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and erythrocytes. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 were tested for acute toxicity (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg) and for subacute antitumoral capacity in HCT-116 colon carcinoma-bearing xenograft mice for 15 days at 25 mg/kg/day. Most compounds revealed cytotoxic action on tumor lines and PBMC, but activity on human erythrocytes were not detected. Molecular dipole moment, lipophilicity and electronic constant of aryl substituents had effects upon in vitro antiproliferative capacity. More common in vivo acute behavioral signals with compounds 2, 3 and 4 were muscle relaxation, reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity and number of entries in closed arms and increased number of falls andtime spent in open arms, suggesting diazepam-like anxiolytic properties. Decrease of grabbing strength and overall activity were common, but palpebral ptosis and deaths occurred at 300 mg/kg only. Compounds 2 and 3 reduced colon carcinoma growth (21.2 and 27.5%, respectively, p < 0.05) without causing apparent signals of organ-specific toxicity after subacute exposure. The structural chemical simplicity of arylacetamides make them cost-effective alternatives and justifies further improvements to enhance activity, selectivity and the development of pharmaceutical formulations.
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β-Lapachone and its iodine derivatives cause cell cycle arrest at G 2/M phase and reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:87-100. [PMID: 30071298 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Lapachone is a natural naphthoquinone originally obtained from the bark of the purple Ipe (Tabebuia avellanedae Lor, Bignoniaceae) and its therapeutic potential in human cancer cells has been evaluated in several studies. In this study, we examined the effects of β-lapachone and its 3-iodine derivatives (3-I-α-lapachone and 3-I-β-lapachone) on cell proliferation, cell death, and cancer-related gene expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. β-Lapachone and its 3-iodine derivatives showed potent cytotoxicity against different types of human cancer cell lines. Indeed, treatment with these compounds induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and caused significant increases in phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-8 and -9 activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptotic cell death morphology. The apoptosis induced by the compounds was prevented by pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and an antioxidant (N-acetyl-l-cysteine). In vivo, β-lapachone and its 3-iodine derivatives significantly reduced tumor burden and did not alter any of the biochemical, hematological, or histological parameters of the animals. Overall, β-lapachone and its 3-iodine derivatives showed promising cytotoxic activity due to their ability to induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and promote caspase- and ROS-mediated apoptosis. In addition, β-lapachone and its 3-iodine derivatives were able to suppress tumor growth in vivo, indicating that these compounds may be new antitumor drug candidates.
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A ruthenium-based 5-fluorouracil complex with enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction action in HCT116 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:288. [PMID: 29321581 PMCID: PMC5762908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of multifunctionalities into one compound is a rational strategy in medicinal chemical design, and have often been used with metallodrug-based compounds. In the present study, we synthesized a novel ruthenium-based 5-fluorouracil complex [Ru(5-FU)(PPh3)2(bipy)]PF6 (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine; and bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) with enhanced cytotoxicity in different cancer cells, and assessed its apoptosis induction action in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. The complex was characterized by infrared, cyclic voltammetry, molar conductance measurements, elemental analysis, NMR experiments and X-ray crystallographic analysis. In both 2D and 3D cell culture models, the complex presented cytotoxicity to cancer cells more potent than 5-FU. A typical morphology of apoptotic cell death, increased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, without cell membrane permeability, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation were observed in complex-treated HCT116 cells. Moreover, the pre-treatment with Z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor, reduced the apoptosis induced by the complex, indicating cell death by apoptosis through caspase-dependent and mitochondrial intrinsic pathways. The complex failed to induce reactive oxygen species production and DNA intercalation. In conclusion, the novel complex displays enhanced cytotoxicity to different cancer cells, and is able to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
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The Dual Antioxidant/Prooxidant Effect of Eugenol and Its Action in Cancer Development and Treatment. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121367. [PMID: 29258206 PMCID: PMC5748817 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during metabolism is a normal process usually compensated for by the antioxidant defense system of an organism. However, ROS can cause oxidative damage and have been proposed to be the main cause of age-related clinical complications and diseases such as cancer. In recent decades, the relationship between diet and cancer has been more studied, especially with foods containing antioxidant compounds. Eugenol is a natural compound widely found in many aromatic plant species, spices and foods and is used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Eugenol has a dual effect on oxidative stress, which can action as an antioxidant or prooxidant agent. In addition, it has anti-carcinogenic, cytotoxic and antitumor properties. Considering the importance of eugenol in the area of food and human health, in this review, we discuss the role of eugenol on redox status and its potential use in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Anti-liver cancer activity in vitro and in vivo induced by 2-pyridyl 2,3-thiazole derivatives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:212-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Molecular Modeling and Physicochemical Properties of Supramolecular Complexes of Limonene with α- and β-Cyclodextrins. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:49-57. [PMID: 27073031 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated three different methods for the formation of an inclusion complex between alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin (α- and β-CD) and limonene (LIM) with the goal of improving the physicochemical properties of limonene. The study samples were prepared through physical mixing (PM), paste complexation (PC), and slurry complexation (SC) methods in the molar ratio of 1:1 (cyclodextrin:limonene). The complexes prepared were evaluated with thermogravimetry/derivate thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, complexation efficiency through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, molecular modeling, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the physical mixing procedure did not produce complexation, but the paste and slurry methods produced inclusion complexes, which demonstrated interactions outside of the cavity of the CDs. However, the paste obtained with β-cyclodextrin did not demonstrate complexation in the gas chromatographic technique because, after extraction, most of the limonene was either surface-adsorbed by β-cyclodextrin or volatilized during the procedure. We conclude that paste complexation and slurry complexation are effective and economic methods to improve the physicochemical character of limonene and could have important applications in pharmacological activities in terms of an increase in solubility.
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New Studies on Knockout Mouse for the SLC20A2 Gene Show Much More Than Brain Calcifications. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:565-6. [PMID: 27380911 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Preclinical anticancer effectiveness of a fraction from Casearia sylvestris and its component Casearin X: in vivo and ex vivo methods and microscopy examinations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:270-279. [PMID: 27067367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) is found in South America and presents antiulcerogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the in vivo and ex vivo antitumor action of a fraction with casearins (FC) and its main component - Casearin X-isolated from C. sylvestris leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, Sarcoma 180 bearing Swiss mice were treated with FC and Cas X for 7 days. Secondly, BALB/c nude animals received hollow fibers with colon carcinoma (HCT-116) or glioblastoma (SF-295) cells and were treated with FC for 4 days. On 5th day, proliferation was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS FC 10 and 25mg/kg/day i.p. and 50mg/kg/day oral and Cas X 25mg/kg/day i.p. and 50mg/kg/day oral revealed tumor growth inhibition rates of 35.8, 86.2, 53.7, 90.0 and 65.5% and such tumors demonstrated rare mitoses and coagulation necrosis areas. Similarly, FC reduced multiplying of HCT-116 and SF-295 cells when evaluated by the Hollow Fiber Assay (2.5 and 5mg/kg/day i.p. and 25 and 50mg/kg/day oral), with cell growth inhibition rates ranging from 33.3 to 67.4% (p<0.05). Flow cytometry experiments revealed that FC reduced membrane integrity and induced DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FC and Cas X were efficient antitumor substances against murine and human cancer cells and caused reversible morphological changes in liver, kidneys and spleens, emphasizing clerodane diterpenes as an emerging class of anticancer molecules.
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Docking and physico-chemical properties of α- and β-cyclodextrin complex containing isopulegol: a comparative study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from the Fresh Fruits of Xylopia laevigata and its Cytotoxic Evaluation. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:417-418. [PMID: 27169195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the fresh fruits of Xylopia laevigata was analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Monoterpenes predominated, forming 95.0% of the total essential oil. The major constituents identified were limonene (56.2%), α-pinene (28.0%), and β-pinene (5.5%). Cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines and non-tumor cells was also investigated; however, neither the essential oil nor its major constituents evaluated presented any cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀ > 25.0 µg mL⁻¹).
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Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from the Fresh Fruits of Xylopia Laevigata and its Cytotoxic Evaluation. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the fresh fruits of Xylopia laevigata was analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (GC–FID) coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Monoterpenes predominated, forming 95.0% of the total essential oil. The major constituents identified were limonene (56.2%), α-pinene (28.0%), and β-pinene (5.5%). Cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines and non-tumor cells was also investigated; however, neither the essential oil nor its major constituents evaluated presented any cytotoxic activity (IC50 > 25.0 μg mL−1).
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Encapsulation of carvacrol, a monoterpene present in the essential oil of oregano, with β-cyclodextrin, improves the pharmacological response on cancer pain experimental protocols. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 227:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clonal kidney cells (Vero cells) are extensively utilized in the manufacture of biological preparations for disease diagnostics and therapeutics and also in preparation of vaccines. In all cells, regulation of volume is an essential function coupled to a variety of physiological processes and is a topic of interest. The objective here was to investigate involvement of ion channels in the process of volume regulation of Vero cells. METHODS Involvement of ion channels in cell volume regulation was studied using video-microscopy and flow cytometry. Pharmacologically unaltered cells of different sizes, which are presumably at different phases of the cell cycle, were used. RESULTS Ion transport inhibitors altered all phases of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) of Vero cells, rate of initial cell swelling, V(max) and volume recovery. Effects were dependent on type of inhibitor and on cell size (cell cycle phase). Participation of aquaporins in RVD was suggested. Inhibitors decelerated growth, arresting Vero cells at the G(0) /G(1) phase boundary. Electrophysiological study confirmed presence of volume-activated Cl(-) channels and K(+) channels in plasmatic membranes of the cells. CONCLUSION Vero cells of all sizes maintained the ability to recover from osmotic swelling. Activity of ion channels was one of the key factors that controlled volume regulation and proliferation of the cells.
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Evaluation of the genotoxicity of piplartine, an alkamide of Piper tuberculatum, in yeast and mammalian V79 cells. Mutat Res 2008; 652:164-74. [PMID: 18372210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The genus Piper belongs to the Piperaceae family, and includes species of commercial and medicinal importance. Chemical studies on Piper species resulted in the isolation of several biologically active molecules, including alkaloid amides, such as piplartine. This molecule, isolated from Piper tuberculatum, has significant cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, and presents antifungal, anti-platelet aggregation, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. In order to understand the biological properties of piplartine, this study investigated the genotoxicity and the induction of apoptosis by piplartine in V79 cells and its mutagenic and recombinogenic potential in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Piplartine induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in S. cerevisiae cultures in either stationary -- or exponential growth phase. In addition, piplartine was not mutagenic when cells were treated during exponential-growth phase and kept in buffer solution, but it increased the frequencies of point, frameshift, and forward mutations when cells were treated in medium during growth. Piplartine treatment induced DNA strand breaks in V79 cells, as detected by neutral and alkaline comet assay. In cell cycle analysis, piplartine induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, probably as a consequence of the DNA damage induced and repair. Moreover, piplartine treatment induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as observed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that the DNA damage caused by piplartine induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis. Moreover, we suggest that cells surviving piplartine-induced DNA damage can accumulate mutations, since this alkaloid was mutagenic and recombinogenic in S. cerevisiae assays.
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Antitumor activity of two derivatives from 2-acylamine-1, 4-naphthoquinone in mice bearing S180 tumor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2008; 7:113-121. [PMID: 18771085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drugs containing a quinone moiety, such as anthracyclines, mitoxantrones and lapachol, show excellent anticancer activity. In this study, 2-butanoylamine-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) and 2-propanoylamine-1,4-naphthoquinone (2) derivatives from 2-amine-1 ,4-naphthoquinone were synthesized, and their antitumor activity in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 tumor were examined. In addition, hematology and biochemistry analyses, as well as, histopathological and morphological analyses were performed in order to evaluate the toxicological aspects of the naphthoquinones treatment. Both naphthoquinones showed potente antitumor activity. The inhibition rates were 33.48 and 42.35% for (1) and 37.65 and 55.24% for (2) at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the histopathological analysis, the naphthoquinones showed only weak toxicity. Neither enzimatic activity of transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase-AST nor alanine aminotransferase-ALT), urea level nor hematological paramenter were significantly modified after naphthoquinones treatment. These data reinforce the anticancer potential of naphthoquinones derivatives.
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Antitumor activity of biflorin, an o-naphthoquinone isolated from Capraria biflora. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1416-21. [PMID: 17666796 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies with an aqueous extract obtained from leaves of Capraria biflora showed potent cytotoxic, analgesic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. It has been demonstrated that biflorin possesses an in vitro cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. The in vivo antitumor activity of biflorin was evaluated on two mouse models, sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma. Biflorin was active against both tumors with a very similar profile. In addition, biflorin was also able to increase the response elicited by 5-FU in mice inoculated with both tumors. The results showed a decrease in Ki67 staining in tumor cells from treated-animals when compared with non-treated groups, which suggests an inhibition of tumor proliferation rate. Histopathological analysis from kidneys and liver showed that biflorin possessed weak and reversible toxic effects. It was also demonstrated that biflorin acts as an immunoadjuvant agent, rising the production of ovalbumin-specific antibodies and inducing a discreet increase of the white pulp and nest of megakaryocytic in spleen of treated mice, which can be related to its antitumor properties.
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of some 3-benzyl-5-arylidenefuran-2(5H)-ones. Molecules 2007; 12:1101-16. [PMID: 17873844 PMCID: PMC6149397 DOI: 10.3390/12051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Benzyl-furan-2(5H)-one (2a) and 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-furan-2(5H)-one (2b) were treated with TBDMSOTf and converted into the corresponding tert-butyldimethyl-silylfuran ethers. These furans were further condensed with several aromatic aldehydes affording compounds 5-14 with general 3-benzyl-5-arylidene-furan-2(5H)-one structures in 31% to 98% yields. Such compounds are analogues of the naturally occurring nostoclide lactones, reported to present moderate cytotoxic activity. Compounds 5-14 were submitted to an in vitro bioassay against the HL-60, HCT-8, SF295 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines using the MTT cytotoxicity assay.
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In vitro cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines of laticifer proteins of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1563-73. [PMID: 17604595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of laticifer proteins (LP) recovered from the latex of the medicinal plant Calotropis procera. The LP displayed considerable cytotoxicity with IC(50) values ranging from 0.42 to 1.36 microg/ml to SF295 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines, respectively. In healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to LP (10 microg/ml) for 72 h, no noticeable effects on viability or cell morphology were seen. The fractionating of LP on an ion exchange chromatography gave rise to a new fraction (PI) that retained almost all cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects of both LP and PI were diminished when previously treated with pronase, or 2-mercaptoethanol, suggesting a protein nature of active molecules, however, pre-incubation with dithiothreitol (DTT) only reduced PI activity. PI did not exhibit cysteine proteinase activity, indicating that cysteine proteinases, abundantly found in LP, are not implicated in LP cytotoxicity. In this study, using HL-60 cell as a model, LP was shown to inhibit DNA synthesis. This is probably due to alterations in the topology of DNA, since it was observed that LP is able to interfere in topoisomerase I activity by somehow acting upon DNA. LP provoked reduction in cell number but it did not cause any significant increase in the number of non-viable cells. These findings corroborated with the morphologic analysis, where cells treated with LP showed morphology of apoptotic process with abundant vacuoles, chromatin condensation and fragmentation of the nuclei. The results of this study suggests that LP is a target for DNA topoisomerase I triggering apoptosis in cancer cell lines.
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Piplartine induces inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation triggering both apoptosis and necrosis pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1-8. [PMID: 16971088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Piplartine {5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1H)pyridinone} is an alkaloid/amide component of Piper species. The purpose of the present study was to examine the antiproliferative effects of piplartine on human leukemia cell lines HL-60, K562, Jukart, and Molt-4 using the trypan blue exclusion method, as well as the effect of piplartine on DNA synthesis. The viability of all human leukemia cell lines were not affected by piplartine after 6 h, 9 h, and 12 h exposure, whereas a steady decline was seen after an exposure time of 24 h. The antiproliferative activity of piplartine seemed to be related to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, as revealed by the reduction of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation after 24h of incubation. Piplartine-mediated reduction in cell number was associated with an increasing number of dead cells at a concentration of 10 microg/ml. These findings were corroborated by morphologic analysis. However, at the lowest concentration (2.5 microg/ml), piplartine-treated cells exhibited typical apoptotic morphological changes. The increase in caspase-3 activity was also observed in lysates of piplartine-treated cells (2.5 microg/ml). Our findings suggest that piplartine can suppress leukemia growth and reduce cell survival, triggering both apoptosis and/or necrosis, depending on the concentration used.
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In vivo growth-inhibition of Sarcoma 180 by piplartine and piperine, two alkaloid amides from Piper. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:801-7. [PMID: 16751987 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piplartine {5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1H)pyridinone} and piperine {1-5-(1,3)-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine} are alkaloid amides isolated from Piper. Both have been reported to show cytotoxic activity towards several tumor cell lines. In the present study, the in vivo antitumor activity of these compounds was evaluated in 60 female Swiss mice (N = 10 per group) transplanted with Sarcoma 180. Histopathological and morphological analyses of the tumor and the organs, including liver, spleen, and kidney, were performed in order to evaluate the toxicological aspects of the treatment with these amides. Administration of piplartine or piperine (50 or 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) intraperitoneally for 7 days starting 1 day after inoculation) inhibited solid tumor development in mice transplanted with Sarcoma 180 cells. The inhibition rates were 28.7 and 52.3% for piplartine and 55.1 and 56.8% for piperine, after 7 days of treatment, at the lower and higher doses, respectively. The antitumor activity of piplartine was related to inhibition of the tumor proliferation rate, as observed by reduction of Ki67 staining, a nuclear antigen associated with G1, S, G2, and M cell cycle phases, in tumors from treated animals. However, piperine did not inhibit cell proliferation as observed in Ki67 immunohistochemical analysis. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney showed that both organs were reversibly affected by piplartine and piperine treatment, but in a different way. Piperine was more toxic to the liver, leading to ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, accompanied by microvesicular steatosis in some areas, than piplartine which, in turn, was more toxic to the kidney, leading to discrete hydropic changes of the proximal tubular and glomerular epithelium and tubular hemorrhage in treated animals.
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Abstract
The present work evaluated the cytotoxicity of piplartine {5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-trans-2-propenyl]-2(1H)pyridinone} and piperine {1-[5-(1,3)-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine}, components obtained from Piper species. The substances were tested for their cytotoxicity on the brine shrimp lethality assay, sea urchin eggs development, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using tumor cell lines and lytic activity on mouse erythrocytes. Piperine showed higher toxicity in brine shrimp (DL50 = 2.8 +/- 0.3 microg/ml) than piplartine (DL50 = 32.3 +/- 3.4 microg/ml). Both piplartine and piperine inhibited the sea urchin eggs development during all phases examined, first and third cleavage and blastulae, but in this assay piplartine was more potent than piperine. In the MTT assay, piplartine was the most active with IC50 values in the range of 0.7 to 1.7 microg/ml. None of the tested substances induced hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of piplartine and piperine was not related to membrane damage.
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