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Marginean EC, Gotfrit J, Marginean H, Yokom DW, Bateman JJ, Daneshmand M, Sud S, Gown AM, Jonker D, Asmis T, Goodwin RA. Phosphorylated transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3) immunohistochemical expression in paired primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100996. [PMID: 33341488 PMCID: PMC7750168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) mediates cellular functions. We assessed the IHC expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in paired primary tumors and liver metastases in patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We included patients with tissue blocks available from both the primary CRC and a surgically resected liver metastasis. The IHC pSTAT3 expression agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. RESULTS The study included 103 patients, 55% male, median age was 64. 43% tumors originated in rectum, and 63% of the primary tumors were synchronous. Expression of pSTAT3 was 76% in liver metastases and 71% in primary tumors. A difference in pSTAT3 staining between the primary tumor and liver metastases was noted in 64%. There was lost expression of pSTAT3 in the liver metastases in 28% and gained expression in 36% of cases compared to the primary. The kappa statistic comparing agreement between staining patterns of the primary tumors and liver metastases was a "less-than-chance", at -0.02. Median survival was 4.9 years, with no difference in survival outcomes by pSTAT3 expression in the primary tumor or liver metastases. DISCUSSION STAT3 is not a prognostic marker in the selective setting of metastatic CRC to liver, but it may remain a potential therapeutic target given most liver metastases expressed pSTAT3. Discordant pSTAT3 expression in between primary tumors and paired liver metastases suggests that use of this class of drug to treat liver predominant metastatic colorectal cancer in a biomarker-driven approach may require confirmatory liver tumor biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda C Marginean
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Joanna Gotfrit
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Horia Marginean
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Daniel W Yokom
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Justin J Bateman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Pathology, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada.
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Shelly Sud
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Allen M Gown
- PhenoPath Laboratories, 551 N. 34th Street Seattle 98103 USA.
| | - Derek Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Timothy Asmis
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Rachel A Goodwin
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
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Natori A, Chan BA, Sim HW, Ma L, Yokom DW, Chen E, Liu G, Darling G, Swallow C, Brar S, Brierley J, Ringash J, Wong R, Kim J, Rogalla P, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Conner J, Knox J, Elimova E, Jang RW. Outcomes by treatment modality in elderly patients with localized gastric and esophageal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:366-370. [PMID: 30607110 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess current treatment patterns and outcomes in elderly patients with localized gastric and esophageal (ge) cancers. Methods This retrospective analysis considered patients 75 years of age or older with ge cancers treated during 2012-2014. Patient demographics and tumour characteristics were collected. Overall survival (os) and disease-free survival were assessed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for demographics. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors affecting treatment choices. Results The 110 patients in the study cohort had a median age of 81 years (range: 75-99 years). Primary disease sites were esophageal (55%) and gastric (45%). Treatment received included radiation therapy alone (29%), surgery alone (26%), surgery plus perioperative therapy (14%), chemoradiation alone (10%), and supportive care alone (14%). In multivariable analyses, surgery (hazard ratio: 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.26 to 0.90; p = 0.02) was the only independent predictor for improved os. Patients with a good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.008), gastric disease site (p = 0.02), and adenocarcinoma histology (p = 0.01) were more likely to undergo surgery. Conclusions At our institution, few patients 75 years of age and older received multimodality therapy for localized ge cancers. Outcomes were better for patients who underwent surgery than for those who did not. To ensure optimal treatment selection, comprehensive geriatric assessment should be considered for patients 75 years of age and older with localized ge cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Natori
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - B A Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - H W Sim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - L Ma
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - D W Yokom
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - E Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - G Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - G Darling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - C Swallow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - S Brar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - J Brierley
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - J Ringash
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - R Wong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - J Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - P Rogalla
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - S Hafezi-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - J Conner
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - J Knox
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - E Elimova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - R W Jang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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Yokom DW, Alibhai SM, Sattar S, Krzyzanowska MK, Puts MT. Geriatric oncology screening tools for CGA-based interventions: results from a phase II study of geriatric assessment and management for older adults with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yokom DW, Stewart J, Alimohamed NS, Winquist E, Berry S, Hubay S, Lattouf JB, Leonard H, Girolametto C, Saad F, Sridhar SS. Prognostic and predictive clinical factors in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel. Can Urol Assoc J 2018; 12:E365-E372. [PMID: 29629866 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cabazitaxel is one of several treatment options available for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have progressed on docetaxel. Little is known about clinical factors that influence prognosis or treatment response for patients receiving cabazitaxel. Identifying prognostic and predictive factors could contribute to the optimal selection of patients for treatment after docetaxel. METHODS A retrospective review of patients enrolled on the cabazitaxel Canadian Early Access Program (C-EAP) was performed. Clinical factors were analyzed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of prognosis and response. RESULTS Forty-five patients from five centres in Canada were included in this study. On multivariable analysis, lower hemoglobin was associated with shorter survival. No other factors were independently associated with survival, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, or primary PSA progression. CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors predicting survival or treatment response were not identified for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving cabazitaxel. Larger studies may be necessary to identify clinical factors and biomarkers that identify whether patients should or should not receive cabazitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Scott Berry
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey Hubay
- Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Lattouf
- Division or Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Fred Saad
- Division or Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Dudani S, Zhu X, Yokom DW, Yamada A, Ho C, Pantarotto JR, Leighl NB, Zhang T, Wheatley-Price P. Radical Treatment of Stage II Non-small-cell Lung Cancer With Nonsurgical Approaches: A Multi-institution Report of Outcomes. Clin Lung Cancer 2017; 19:e11-e18. [PMID: 28711384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standard management of stage II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgery, often followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, some patients do not undergo surgery for various reasons. We examined outcomes in this defined patient group. METHODS We reviewed the records of patients with stage II NSCLC treated nonsurgically with curative intent from 2002 to 2012 across 3 academic cancer centers. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, staging, treatments, and survival. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). We assessed factors associated with treatment choice and OS. RESULTS A total of 158 patients were included: the median age was 74 years (range, 50-91 years), 44% were female, and 68% had a performance status of 0 to 1. The stage II groupings of the patients were T2b-T3 N0 in 55% and N1 in 45%. The most common reasons for inoperability were inadequate pulmonary reserve (27%) and medical comorbidities (24%). All patients received radical radiotherapy (RT) (median, 60 Gy [range, 48-75 Gy]). Seventy-three percent received RT alone; 24% received concurrent and 3% sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In multivariate analyses, CRT was less likely in older patients (≥ 70 years) (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.70; P = .006) and in patients with higher (> 5) Charlson comorbidity scores (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13-0.90; P = .03) or normal (< 10 × 109/L) white blood cell counts (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.73; P = .01). At the time of our analysis, 74% have died. The median OS was 22.9 months (range, 17.1-26.6 months). Patients who had undergone CRT had a significantly longer median OS than those receiving RT alone (39.1 vs. 20.5 months; P = .0019), confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.69; P = .001). CONCLUSION Nonsurgical approaches to management of stage II NSCLC are varied. Treatment with CRT was associated with significantly longer survival compared with RT alone. A randomized trial may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaan Dudani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaofu Zhu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel W Yokom
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Yamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason R Pantarotto
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tinghua Zhang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Wheatley-Price
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Ihaddadene R, Yokom DW, Le Gal G, Moretto P, Canil CM, Delluc A, Reaume N, Carrier M. The risk of venous thromboembolism in renal cell carcinoma patients with residual tumor thrombus. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:855-9. [PMID: 24702743 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical importance of tumor thrombus in patients with renal cell carcinoma is unknown. We sought to determine the long-term risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with residual tumor thrombus postextraction, and to evaluate the impact of residual tumor thrombus on overall survival. PATIENTS/METHODS A cohort study of patients with stage III-IV renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy was undertaken. The primary endpoint was the risk of VTE during a 2-year follow-up period. The secondary endpoint was 2-year overall survival. RESULTS A total of 170 surgical renal cell carcinoma patients were included, 97 (57.1%) of whom had tumor thrombus. Patients with residual tumor thrombus following surgery had a higher risk of developing VTE than those with complete tumor thrombus resection (hazard ratio [HR] 8.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-43.4) and no tumor thrombus (HR 6.5, 95% CI 1.7-24.7). Patient with residual tumor thrombus did not have worse overall survival than those with tumor thrombus completely resected or those without tumor thrombus. CONCLUSIONS The presence of residual tumor thrombus is an important risk factor for VTE among renal cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ihaddadene
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Yokom DW, Le Gal G, Carrier M. Increased risk of preoperative venous thromboembolism in patients with renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus: reply. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:579-80. [PMID: 24484212 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Yokom
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Yokom DW, Ihaddadene R, Moretto P, Canil CM, Reaume N, Le Gal G, Carrier M. Increased risk of preoperative venous thromboembolism in patients with renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:169-71. [PMID: 24283651 PMCID: PMC4238732 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical impact of a tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients awaiting radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in RCC patients with tumor thrombus prior to nephrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all late-stage (stage 3-4 excluding T1-2 N0M0) RCC patients who underwent radical nephrectomy at our institution between 1 January 2005 and 1 July 2012. Tumor thrombus was defined as the presence of an intraluminal filling defect in the renal vein, hepatic vein, portal vein, or inferior vena cava, directly extending from a renal mass detected on computed tomography. RESULTS A total of 176 patients were included in the study. Fifty-three (30.1%) patients had tumor thrombus diagnosed on imaging Three patients with tumor thrombus (5.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-16.8) developed a VTE while awaiting radical nephrectomy, whereas none (0%; 95% CI 0-2.9) of the patients without a tumor thrombus had an event (P = 0.026). All three events were deep vein thrombosis. Times from tumor thrombus diagnosis to VTE were 5, 15 and 21 days. CONCLUSIONS Tumor thrombus on imaging is a frequent finding among RCC patients awaiting nephrectomy. The presence of tumor thrombus in these patients increases the incidence of preoperative VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Yokom
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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To K, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Hu K, Wang M, Wu J, Lee C, Yokom DW, Stratford AL, Klinge U, Mertens PR, Chen CS, Bally M, Yapp D, Dunn SE. The Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase-1 Inhibitor 2-Amino-N-[4-[5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl]-acetamide (OSU-03012) Prevents Y-Box Binding Protein-1 from Inducing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:641-52. [PMID: 17595327 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.036111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is integral to basal-like and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2)-overexpressing breast cancers. Such tumors are associated with poor prognosis, the majority of which express high levels of EGFR. We reported that EGFR expression is induced by the oncogenic transcription factor Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) that occurs in a manner dependent on phosphorylation by Akt. Herein, we questioned whether blocking Akt with 2-amino-N-[4-[5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl]-acetamide (OSU-03012), a phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) small-molecule inhibitor, could prevent YB-1 from binding to the EGFR promoter. MDA-MB-468 and SUM 149 are basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells that were used for our studies because they express high levels of activated PDK-1, YB-1, and EGFR compared with the immortalized breast epithelial cell line 184htrt. In these cell lines, YB-1 preferentially bound to the -1 kilobase of the EGFR promoter, whereas this did not occur in the 184htrt cells based on chromatin immunoprecipitation. When the cells were exposed to OSU-03012 for 6 h, YB-1/EGFR promoter binding was significantly attenuated. To further confirm this observation, gel-shift assays showed that the drug inhibits YB-1/EGFR promoter binding. The inhibitory effect of OSU-03012 on EGFR was also observed at the mRNA and protein levels. OSU-03012 ultimately inhibited the growth of BLBC in monolayer and soft agar coordinate with the induction of apoptosis using an Array-Scan VTI high-content screening system. Furthermore, OSU-03012 inhibited the expression of EGFR by 48% in tumor xenografts derived from MDA-MB-435/Her-2 cells. This correlated with loss of YB-1 binding to the EGFR promoter. Hence, we find that OSU-03012 inhibits YB-1 resulting in a loss of EGFR expression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K To
- Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kumar RA, Leach S, Bonaguro R, Chen J, Yokom DW, Abrahams BS, Seaver L, Schwartz CE, Dobyns W, Brooks-Wilson A, Simpson EM. Mutation and evolutionary analyses identify NR2E1-candidate-regulatory mutations in humans with severe cortical malformations. Genes Brain Behav 2006; 6:503-16. [PMID: 17054721 PMCID: PMC2040186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor 2E1 (NR2E1) is expressed in human fetal and adult brains; however, its role in human brain–behavior development is unknown. Previously, we have corrected the cortical hypoplasia and behavioral abnormalities in Nr2e1−/− mice using a genomic clone spanning human NR2E1, which bolsters the hypothesis that NR2E1 may similarly play a role in human cortical and behavioral development. To test the hypothesis that humans with abnormal brain–behavior development may have null or hypomorphic NR2E1 mutations, we undertook the first candidate mutation screen of NR2E1 by sequencing its entire coding region, untranslated, splice site, proximal promoter and evolutionarily conserved non-coding regions in 56 unrelated patients with cortical disorders, namely microcephaly. We then genotyped the candidate mutations in 325 unrelated control subjects and 15 relatives. We did not detect any coding region changes in NR2E1; however, we identified seven novel candidate regulatory mutations that were absent from control subjects. We used in silico tools to predict the effects of these candidate mutations on neural transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). Four candidate mutations were predicted to alter TFBS. To facilitate the present and future studies of NR2E1, we also elucidated its molecular evolution, genetic diversity, haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium by sequencing an additional 94 unaffected humans representing Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Oceania, as well as great apes and monkeys. We detected strong purifying selection, low genetic diversity, 21 novel polymorphisms and five common haplotypes at NR2E1. We conclude that protein-coding changes in NR2E1 do not contribute to cortical and behavioral abnormalities in the patients examined here, but that regulatory mutations may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kumar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Child & Family Research InstituteVancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, Canada
| | - S Leach
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouver, Canada
| | - R Bonaguro
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Child & Family Research InstituteVancouver, Canada
| | - J Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Child & Family Research InstituteVancouver, Canada
| | - D W Yokom
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Child & Family Research InstituteVancouver, Canada
| | - B S Abrahams
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Child & Family Research InstituteVancouver, Canada
| | - L Seaver
- Center for Molecular Studies, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic CenterGreenwood, SC, USA
| | - C E Schwartz
- Center for Molecular Studies, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic CenterGreenwood, SC, USA
| | - W Dobyns
- University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| | - A Brooks-Wilson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouver, Canada
| | - E M Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Child & Family Research InstituteVancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, Canada
- Corresponding author: Elizabeth M. Simpson, 3020 980 West 28 Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4. E-mail:
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