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Kesler CT, Pereira ER, Cui CH, Nelson GM, Masuck DJ, Baish JW, Padera TP. Angiopoietin-4 increases permeability of blood vessels and promotes lymphatic dilation. FASEB J 2015; 29:3668-77. [PMID: 25977256 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The angiopoietin (Ang) ligands are potential therapeutic targets for lymphatic related diseases, which include lymphedema and cancer. Ang-1 and Ang-2 functions are established, but those of Ang-4 are poorly understood. We used intravital fluorescence microscopy to characterize Ang-4 actions on T241 murine fibrosarcoma-associated vessels in mice. The diameters of lymphatic vessels draining Ang-4- or VEGF-C (positive control)-expressing tumors increased to 123 and 135 μm, respectively, and parental, mock-transduced (negative controls) and tumors expressing Ang-1 or Ang-2 remained at baseline (∼60 μm). Ang-4 decreased human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) monolayer permeability by 27% while increasing human dermal blood endothelial cell (BEC) monolayer permeability by 200%. In vivo, Ang-4 stimulated a 4.5-fold increase in tumor-associated blood vessel permeability compared with control when measured using intravital quantitative multiphoton microscopy. Ang-4 activated receptor signaling in both LECs and BECs, evidenced by tyrosine kinase with Ig and endothelial growth factor homology domains-2 (TIE2) receptor, protein kinase B, and Erk1,2 phosphorylation detectable by immunoblotting. These data suggest that Ang-4 actions are mediated through cell-type-specific networks and that lymphatic vessel dilation occurs secondarily to increased vascular leakage. Ang-4 also promoted survival of LECs. Thus, blocking Ang-4 may prune the draining lymphatic vasculature and decrease interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) by reducing vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina T Kesler
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ethel R Pereira
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheryl H Cui
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory M Nelson
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Masuck
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James W Baish
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy P Padera
- *Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kesler CT, Kuo AH, Wong HK, Masuck DJ, Shah JL, Kozak KR, Held KD, Padera TP. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C enhances radiosensitivity of lymphatic endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:419-27. [PMID: 24201897 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy after lymph node dissection increases the risk of developing painful and incurable lymphedema in breast cancer patients. Lymphedema occurs when lymphatic vessels become unable to maintain proper fluid balance. The sensitivity of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to ionizing radiation has not been reported to date. Here, the radiosensitivity of LECs in vitro has been determined using clonogenic survival assays. The ability of various growth factors to alter LEC radiosensitivity was also examined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C enhanced radiosensitivity when LECs were treated prior to radiation. VEGF-C-treated LECs exhibited higher levels of entry into the cell cycle at the time of radiation, with a greater number of cells in the S and G2/M phases. These LECs showed higher levels of γH2A.X-an indicator of DNA damage-after radiation. VEGF-C did not increase cell death as a result of radiation. Instead, it increased the relative number of quiescent LECs. These data suggest that abundant VEGF-C or lymphangiogenesis may predispose patients to radiation-induced lymphedema by impairing lymphatic vessel repair through induction of LEC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina T Kesler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cox-7, 100 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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