1
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Franke A, McGovern DP, Barrett JC, Wang K, Radford-Smith GL, Ahmad T, Lees CW, Balschun T, Lee J, Roberts R, Anderson CA, Bis JC, Bumpstead S, Ellinghaus D, Festen EM, Georges M, Haritunians T, Jostins L, Latiano A, Mathew CG, Montgomery GW, Prescott NJ, Rotter JI, Schumm P, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Taylor KD, Whiteman D, Wijmenga C, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Buning C, Cohen A, Colombel JF, Cottone M, Stronati L, Denson T, De Vos M, D’Inca R, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Florin T, Franchimont D, Gearry R, Glas J, Van Gossum A, Guthery SL, Halfvarson J, Hommes D, Hugot JP, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lemann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, Mowat C, Newman W, Panés J, Phillips A, Proctor DD, Regueiro M, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Seibold F, Steinhart AH, Stokkers PC, Torkvist L, Ublick GK, Raychaudhuri S, Green T, Walters T, Targan SR, Brant SR, Rioux JD, D’Amato M, Weersma R, Kugathasan S, Griffiths AM, Mansfield JC, Vermeire S, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Schreiber S, Cho JH, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Daly MJ, Parkes M. Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2010; 42:1118-25. [PMID: 21102463 PMCID: PMC3299551 DOI: 10.1038/ng.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1996] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a meta-analysis of six Crohn's disease genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising 6,333 affected individuals (cases) and 15,056 controls and followed up the top association signals in 15,694 cases, 14,026 controls and 414 parent-offspring trios. We identified 30 new susceptibility loci meeting genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸). A series of in silico analyses highlighted particular genes within these loci and, together with manual curation, implicated functionally interesting candidate genes including SMAD3, ERAP2, IL10, IL2RA, TYK2, FUT2, DNMT3A, DENND1B, BACH2 and TAGAP. Combined with previously confirmed loci, these results identify 71 distinct loci with genome-wide significant evidence for association with Crohn's disease.
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Meta-Analysis |
15 |
1996 |
2
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Brown KM, Macgregor S, Montgomery GW, Craig DW, Zhao ZZ, Iyadurai K, Henders AK, Homer N, Campbell MJ, Stark M, Thomas S, Schmid H, Holland EA, Gillanders EM, Duffy DL, Maskiell JA, Jetann J, Ferguson M, Stephan DA, Cust AE, Whiteman D, Green A, Olsson H, Puig S, Ghiorzo P, Hansson J, Demenais F, Goldstein AM, Gruis NA, Elder DE, Bishop JN, Kefford RF, Giles GG, Armstrong BK, Aitken JF, Hopper JL, Martin NG, Trent JM, Mann GJ, Hayward NK. Common sequence variants on 20q11.22 confer melanoma susceptibility. Nat Genet 2008; 40:838-40. [PMID: 18488026 PMCID: PMC2755512 DOI: 10.1038/ng.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association pooling study for cutaneous melanoma and performed validation in samples totaling 2,019 cases and 2,105 controls. Using pooling, we identified a new melanoma risk locus on chromosome 20 (rs910873 and rs1885120), with replication in two further samples (combined P < 1 x 10(-15)). The per allele odds ratio was 1.75 (1.53, 2.01), with evidence for stronger association in early-onset cases.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
17 |
176 |
3
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Zhang YD, Hurson AN, Zhang H, Choudhury PP, Easton DF, Milne RL, Simard J, Hall P, Michailidou K, Dennis J, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J, Gharahkhani P, Whiteman D, Campbell PT, Hoffmeister M, Jenkins M, Peters U, Hsu L, Gruber SB, Casey G, Schmit SL, O'Mara TA, Spurdle AB, Thompson DJ, Tomlinson I, De Vivo I, Landi MT, Law MH, Iles MM, Demenais F, Kumar R, MacGregor S, Bishop DT, Ward SV, Bondy ML, Houlston R, Wiencke JK, Melin B, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Kinnersley B, Wrensch MR, Amos CI, Hung RJ, Brennan P, McKay J, Caporaso NE, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Camp NJ, Kraft P, Rothman N, Slager SL, Berchuck A, Pharoah PDP, Sellers TA, Gayther SA, Pearce CL, Goode EL, Schildkraut JM, Moysich KB, Amundadottir LT, Jacobs EJ, Klein AP, Petersen GM, Risch HA, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Wolpin BM, Li D, Eeles RA, Haiman CA, Kote-Jarai Z, Schumacher FR, Al Olama AA, Purdue MP, Scelo G, Dalgaard MD, Greene MH, Grotmol T, Kanetsky PA, McGlynn KA, Nathanson KL, Turnbull C, Wiklund F, Chanock SJ, Chatterjee N, Garcia-Closas M. Assessment of polygenic architecture and risk prediction based on common variants across fourteen cancers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3353. [PMID: 32620889 PMCID: PMC7335068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of hundreds of susceptibility loci across cancers, but the impact of further studies remains uncertain. Here we analyse summary-level data from GWAS of European ancestry across fourteen cancer sites to estimate the number of common susceptibility variants (polygenicity) and underlying effect-size distribution. All cancers show a high degree of polygenicity, involving at a minimum of thousands of loci. We project that sample sizes required to explain 80% of GWAS heritability vary from 60,000 cases for testicular to over 1,000,000 cases for lung cancer. The maximum relative risk achievable for subjects at the 99th risk percentile of underlying polygenic risk scores (PRS), compared to average risk, ranges from 12 for testicular to 2.5 for ovarian cancer. We show that PRS have potential for risk stratification for cancers of breast, colon and prostate, but less so for others because of modest heritability and lower incidence.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
5 |
80 |
4
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Lu Y, Ek WE, Whiteman D, Vaughan TL, Spurdle AB, Easton DF, Pharoah PD, Thompson DJ, Dunning AM, Hayward NK, Chenevix-Trench G, Macgregor S. Most common 'sporadic' cancers have a significant germline genetic component. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6112-8. [PMID: 24943595 PMCID: PMC4271103 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common cancers have been demarcated into 'hereditary' or 'sporadic' ('non-hereditary') types historically. Such distinctions initially arose from work identifying rare, highly penetrant germline mutations causing 'hereditary' cancer. While rare mutations are important in particular families, most cases in the general population are 'sporadic'. Twin studies have suggested that many 'sporadic' cancers show little or no heritability. To quantify the role of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility, we applied a method for estimating the importance of common genetic variants (array heritability, h(2)g) to twelve cancer types. The following cancers showed a significant (P < 0.05) array heritability: melanoma USA set h(2)g = 0.19 (95% CI = 0.01-0.37) and Australian set h(2)g = 0.30 (0.10-0.50); pancreatic h(2)g = 0.18 (0.06-0.30); prostate h(2)g = 0.81 (0.32-1); kidney h(2)g = 0.18 (0.04-0.32); ovarian h(2)g = 0.30 (0.18-0.42); esophageal adenocarcinoma h(2)g = 0.24 (0.14-0.34); esophageal squamous cell carcinoma h(2)g = 0.19 (0.07-0.31); endometrial UK set h(2)g = 0.23 (0.01-0.45) and Australian set h(2)g = 0.39 (0.02-0.76). Three cancers showed a positive but non-significant effect: breast h(2) g = 0.13 (0-0.56); gastric h(2)g = 0.11 (0-0.27); lung h(2)g = 0.10 (0-0.24). One cancer showed a small effect: bladder h(2)g = 0.01 (0-0.11). Among these cancers, previous twin studies were only able to show heritability for prostate and breast cancer, but we can now make much stronger statements for several common cancers which emphasize the important role of genetic variants in cancer susceptibility. We have demonstrated that several 'sporadic' cancers have a significant inherited component. Larger genome-wide association studies in these cancers will continue to find more loci, which explain part of the remaining polygenic component.
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research-article |
11 |
75 |
5
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Abstract
A computer-aided search identified 16 case-control studies which specifically assessed sunburn as a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Using unadjusted estimates, a history of sunburn was associated with significantly increased risk of melanoma in all but one study. Four studies were defined as core studies after assessment of study quality; however, only two of these had sufficiently similar definitions of sunburn to allow pooling of results. Using pooled data, the risk of melanoma in those ever sunburned was 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-2.6), while the highest category of sunburn exposure had a risk of 3.7 (CI = 2.5-5.4). The suggestion that sunburns in childhood carry greater risk of melanoma cannot be supported by pooled analysis. This review demonstrated considerable variation in design and method among the studies, and identified sources of bias which prevented a pooled analysis using all available data. The need for strong epidemiologic evidence relating sunburn to melanoma, particularly in childhood, is of prime importance, since avoidance of sunburn is one of the few potential means of primary prevention of melanoma.
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Review |
31 |
68 |
6
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Garbe C, Keim U, Gandini S, Amaral T, Katalinic A, Hollezcek B, Martus P, Flatz L, Leiter U, Whiteman D. Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma and keratinocyte cancer in white populations 1943-2036. Eur J Cancer 2021; 152:18-25. [PMID: 34062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and keratinocyte cancer (KC) cause considerable morbidity and mortality. We analysed long-term trends of CM and KC in different white populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Age-standardised (European Standard Population 2013) incidence and mortality rates (ASIR, ASMR) of CM were extracted from cancer registries in Denmark, New Zealand and the US SEER-Database. ASIRs of KC were sourced from registries of the German federal states Saarland and Schleswig-Holstein, and from Scotland. Age-period-cohort models were used to project melanoma incidence trends. RESULTS In Denmark between 1943 and 2016, melanoma ASIR increased from 1.1 to 46.5 in males, and from 1.0 to 48.5 in females, estimated to reach 60.0 and 73.1 in males and females by 2036. Melanoma mortality in Denmark (1951-2016) increased from 1.4 to 6.7 (males) and 1.2 to 3.7 (females). In New Zealand between 1948 and 2016, ASIR increased from 2.7 to 81.0 (males) and from 3.8 to 54.7 (females), slight declines are estimated by 2036 for both genders. Melanoma mortality increased six-fold in New Zealand males between 1950 and 2016; smaller increases were observed in females. We observed three- to four-fold increases in melanoma incidence in US whites, predicted to rise to 56.1 and 36.2 in males and females until 2036. Melanoma mortality also increased among US whites between 1970 and 2017, female melanoma mortality remained stable. Similar trends are shown for KC. CONCLUSIONS In white populations, incidence of CM and KC significantly increased. CM incidence continues to rise in the short term but is predicted to decline in future.
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Journal Article |
4 |
67 |
7
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Contino G, Vaughan TL, Whiteman D, Fitzgerald RC. The Evolving Genomic Landscape of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:657-673.e1. [PMID: 28716721 PMCID: PMC6025803 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have recently gained unprecedented insight into genetic factors that determine risk for Barrett's esophagus (BE) and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Next-generation sequencing technologies have allowed us to identify somatic mutations that initiate BE and track genetic changes during development of tumors and invasive cancer. These technologies led to identification of mechanisms of tumorigenesis that challenge the current multistep model of progression to EA. Newer, cost-effective technologies create opportunities to rapidly translate the analysis of DNA into tools that can identify patients with BE at high risk for cancer, detect dysplastic lesions more reliably, and uncover mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Review |
8 |
64 |
8
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Rubenstein JH, Scheiman JM, Sadeghi S, Whiteman D, Inadomi JM. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux: synthesis and estimates from population studies. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:254-60. [PMID: 21139576 PMCID: PMC3901355 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent advances in the management of Barrett's esophagus may kindle enthusiasm for screening for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are recognized as relative risks for EAC. However, the absolute incidence of EAC in specific populations with GERD is unknown. We aimed to estimate the symptom-, age-, and sex-specific incidences of EAC, and place these incidences in the perspective of other cancers for which screening is endorsed. METHODS A Markov computer model utilizing published and publicly available data was created to estimate the age- and sex-specific incidences of EAC in American white non-Hispanics with GERD symptoms. RESULTS The incidence of EAC in men younger than 50 years with GERD symptoms is very low (for instance, at the age of 35 years, incidence=1.0/100,000), and their incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively much higher (for instance, at the age of 35 years, incidence of colorectal cancer is 6.7-fold greater). The incidence of EAC in older men with weekly GERD symptoms is substantial (for instance, at the age of 70 years, incidence=60.8/100,000 person-years), but their incidence of colorectal cancer is at least threefold greater. The incidence of EAC in women with GERD is extremely low, and similar to that of breast cancer in men (for instance, 3.9/100,000 person-years at the age of 60 years). CONCLUSIONS Screening for EAC should not be performed in men younger than 50 years or in women because of very low incidences of cancer, regardless of the frequency of GERD symptoms. In white men with weekly GERD over the age of 60 years, the incidence of EAC is substantial, and might warrant screening if that practice is particularly accurate, safe, effective, and inexpensive.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
14 |
61 |
9
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Green A, Whiteman D, Frost C, Battistutta D. Sun exposure, skin cancers and related skin conditions. J Epidemiol 1999; 9:S7-13. [PMID: 10709345 DOI: 10.2188/jea.9.6sup_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in humans. Solar keratoses are related benign tumours that are at least ten times commoner than skin cancers and photoageing of the skin is still more common. Descriptive studies show that incidence rates of the main types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are maximal in populations in which ambient sun exposure is high and skin (epidermal) transmission of solar radiation is high, suggesting strong associations with sun exposure. Analytic epidemiological studies confirm that exposure to the UV component of sunlight is the major environmental determinant of skin cancers and associated skin conditions and evidence of a causal association between cumulative sun exposure and SCC, solar keratoses and photodamage is relatively straightforward. Results for BCC and melanoma are complicated by several factors including the existence of subgroups of these diseases which do not appear to be caused by sun exposure yet have been included in most aetiological studies to date. Complementary to epidemiological data is the molecular evidence of ultraviolet (UV) mechanisms of carcinogenesis such as UV-specific mutations in the DNA of tumour suppressor genes in skin tumours. With increased UV irradiation resulting from thinning of the ozone layer, skin cancer incidence rates have been predicted to increase in the future--unless, as is hoped, human behaviour to reduce sun exposure can offset these predicted rises.
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Review |
26 |
55 |
10
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Melfi SH, Whiteman D, Ferrare R. Observation of Atmospheric Fronts Using Raman Lidar Moisture Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1989)028<0789:ooafur>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36 |
54 |
11
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Whiteman D, Green A. Wherein lies the truth? Assessment of agreement between parent proxy and child respondents. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26:855-9. [PMID: 9279619 DOI: 10.1093/ije/26.4.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological study of diseases of childhood presents a special situation in that the principal respondent is almost always a person other than the index. Use of proxy respondents in paediatric epidemiology has been little studied compared with the use of surrogate respondents for adults. METHODS Agreement between responses from children and their parents to identical questions about the children was assessed in a case-control study of childhood melanoma in Queensland, Australia. Weighted kappa and log-linear modelling techniques were used to measure agreement for ordinal data. RESULTS Highest agreement was found for reports of unchanging physical characteristics such as eye colour (kappa = 0.88), hair colour (kappa = 0.76), and for history of residing on a farm (kappa = 0.84). Moderate agreement was seen for density of facial freckling (kappa = 0.62), propensity to sunburn (kappa = 0.46) and tanning ability (kappa = 0.47). Variables with low levels of agreement between parent proxy and child respondents included density of freckling on the shoulders (kappa = 0.28) and degree of moliness of the skin at age 5 years (kappa = 0.24). Agreement did not vary according to age or sex of the children. Log-linear modelling was performed to determine the type and magnitude of components of agreement. CONCLUSIONS Agreement between responses from children and parent proxies depends largely upon the type of information sought, rather than characteristics of the respondents.
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28 |
46 |
12
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Whiteman D, Muir J, Jones L, Murphy M, Key T. Dietary questions as determinants of mortality: the OXCHECK experience. Public Health Nutr 1999; 2:477-87. [PMID: 10656467 DOI: 10.1017/s136898009900066x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether responses to simple dietary questions are associated with specific causes of death. DESIGN Self-reported frequency intakes of various classes of foods and data on confounding factors were collected at the baseline survey. Death notifications up to 31 December 1997 were ascertained from the Office for National Statistics. Relative risk (RR) of death and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with baseline dietary factors were calculated by Cox regression. SETTING Prospective follow-up study based on five UK general practices. SUBJECTS Data were used from 11,090 men and women aged 35-64 years (81% of the eligible patient population) who responded to a postal questionnaire in 1989. RESULTS After 9 years of follow-up, 598 deaths were recorded, 514 of these among the 10,522 subjects with no previous history of angina. All-cause mortality was positively associated with age, smoking and low social class, as expected. Among the dietary variables, all-cause mortality was significantly reduced in participants who reported relatively high consumption of vegetables, puddings, cakes, biscuits and sweets, fresh or frozen red meat (but not processed meat), among those who reported using polyunsaturated spreads and among moderate alcohol drinkers. These associations were broadly similar for deaths from ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cancer and all other causes combined, and were not greatly attenuated by adjusting for potential confounding factors including social class. CONCLUSIONS Responses to simple questions about nutrition were associated with mortality. These findings must be interpreted with caution since residual confounding by dietary and lifestyle factors may underlie the associations.
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Multicenter Study |
26 |
45 |
13
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Whiteman D, Murphy M, Hey K, O'Donnell M, Goldacre M. Reproductive factors, subfertility, and risk of neural tube defects: a case-control study based on the Oxford Record Linkage Study Register. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152:823-8. [PMID: 11085393 DOI: 10.1093/aje/152.9.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periconceptual exposure to subfertility treatments is increasingly common, raising concerns about the possibility of malformations in the offspring. The authors conducted a case-control study to determine whether subfertility or its treatment was associated with increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Cases were 694 women diagnosed with an NTD-affected pregnancy in Oxfordshire or West Berkshire, England, between 1970 and 1987. Cases were individually matched on maternal year of birth and year of index pregnancy to controls randomly selected from a computerized database. Data on demographic, reproductive, and obstetric factors were abstracted from patient hospital records. Overall, the period prevalences of subfertility and of subfertility treatment were 7% and 3%, respectively, No evidence was found that the risk of NTD-affected pregnancies was increased by either subfertility (odds ratio (OR) = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 2.1) or its treatment (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.4, 2.0). After adjustment, NTD-affected pregnancies were associated with female offspring (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.1), multiple birth (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 18.8), and higher numbers of pregnancies (p for trend = 0.005). The findings from this large, population-based study were wholly consistent with those from smaller studies that found no increased risk of NTD associated with exposure to fertility treatments but reported associations with various pregnancy outcomes.
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25 |
38 |
14
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Whiteman D, Valery P, McWhirter W, Green A. Incidence of cutaneous childhood melanoma in Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer 1995; 63:765-8. [PMID: 8847130 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910630602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma in children aged 0-14 years was examined in Queensland, Australia. Details of notifications were collected from the population-based Australian Paediatric Cancer Registry. Between 1987 and 1994, the age-adjusted incidence rates of invasive cutaneous melanoma occurring in Queensland children were estimated at 8.5/million for males and 7.1/million for females. Incidence rates rose steeply in both sexes with increasing age, from less than 1/million in the 0-4 age group, to nearly 30/million in the 10-14 age group. To assess the uniformity of the anatomical distribution of lesions, relative tumour densities (RTDs) were calculated compared with the body as a whole. In both sexes, melanomas were most common on the trunk (RTD > 3), while lower limb lesions were less common (RTD < 0.6) and no melanomas were reported on the buttocks or external genitalia. Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for truncal lesions in males to occur on the back, while in females, truncal melanomas were more evenly distributed across the chest, back and shoulders. No consistent relationship between latitude and melanoma incidence was observed, with higher rates reported in the subtropical than the tropical regions of Queensland. These are the first reported incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma in Australian children and are the highest ever reported in the world in this age group. Our findings provide baseline data from which to monitor changes in the occurrence of cutaneous melanoma in children.
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30 |
38 |
15
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Weaver RG, Cashwell LF, Lorentz W, Whiteman D, Geisinger KR, Ball M. Optic nerve coloboma associated with renal disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1988; 29:597-605. [PMID: 3377002 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optic nerve colobomas can occur as sporadic abnormalities, may be inherited as an autosomal dominant defect, occur as part of syndromes, and are rarely associated with cardiac malformations and midline encephaloceles. Karcher [1979] described a father and son with the "morning glory" optic disc anomaly and renal disease as a new association. We report on two brothers with optic nerve colobomas associated with renal disease. The ophthalmologic findings and renal histopathology are presented. This second familial occurrence suggests that the association of optic nerve coloboma and renal disease is a newly recognized syndrome.
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Case Reports |
37 |
37 |
16
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Ferrare R, Ismail S, Browell E, Brackett V, Clayton M, Kooi S, Melfi SH, Whiteman D, Schwemmer G, Evans K, Russell P, Livingston J, Schmid B, Holben B, Remer L, Smirnov A, Hobbs PV. Comparison of aerosol optical properties and water vapor among ground and airborne lidars and Sun photometers during TARFOX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25 |
37 |
17
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Whiteman D. The Fate of Policy Analysis in Congressional Decision Making: Three Types of Use in Committees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.2307/448631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40 |
37 |
18
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DiSipio T, Rogers C, Newman B, Whiteman D, Eakin E, Fritschi L, Aitken J. The Queensland Cancer Risk Study: behavioural risk factor results. Aust N Z J Public Health 2007; 30:375-82. [PMID: 16956169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2006.tb00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the population prevalence of key cancer risk behaviours in Queensland. METHODS The Queensland Cancer Risk Study was a population-based survey of 9,419 Queensland residents aged 20-75 years. Information was collected through an anonymous, computer-assisted telephone interview between February and November 2004. Outcome measures included tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, sun-tanning and sunburn, obesity, physical inactivity and poor diet, weighted by age, gender and geographic region. RESULTS Prevalence of current smoking was 25.2% for males and 20.8% for females and was highest in the 20-39 year age group and in rural/remote areas. Two-thirds of participants regularly drank alcohol; of these, 63% consumed excessive amounts of alcohol. Excessive sun exposure is still a problem; 70% of Queenslanders reported an episode of sunburn and 12% reported attempting to get a suntan in the past year. More than half of the respondents (53.9%) were above the healthy weight range, and 17.1% of males and 18.4% of females were obese. Just over 40% of Queensland adults reported having insufficient levels of physical activity. Fewer than half of the participants met recommended levels of fruit or vegetable consumption. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The majority of Queensland adults exhibit known, modifiable cancer risk behaviours. These results suggest that continuing efforts to reduce the prevalence of these risk factors are warranted. Specifically, significant gains could be made by targeting behaviour change programs at younger Queenslanders (aged 20-39 years), men, and those living in remote/ very remote areas of Queensland.
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Margitan JJ, Barnes RA, Brothers GB, Butler J, Burris J, Connor BJ, Ferrare RA, Kerr JB, Komhyr WD, McCormick MP, McDermid IS, McElroy CT, McGee TJ, Miller AJ, Owens M, Parrish AD, Parsons CL, Torres AL, Tsou JJ, Walsh TD, Whiteman D. Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) 1989: Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hausdorf K, Eakin E, Whiteman D, Rogers C, Aitken J, Newman B. Prevalence and correlates of multiple cancer risk behaviors in an Australian population-based survey: results from the Queensland Cancer Risk Study. Cancer Causes Control 2008; 19:1339-47. [PMID: 18704719 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-008-9205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the prevalence, clustering, and correlates of behavioral risk factors for cancer in the Queensland, Australia, population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Queensland Cancer Risk Study was a population-based survey of 9419 Queensland residents aged 20-75 years. Information was collected through anonymous computer-assisted telephone interviews between February and November 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, sun exposure, and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, weighted by age, gender, and geographic region. RESULTS The majority of respondents reported between two and four cancer risk behaviors (79.4%). Men, those younger than 59 years and those with lower educational attainment had more than twofold increased odds of reporting multiple cancer risk factors. Marital status and geographic region were moderately associated with cancer risk. Smoking, high levels of alcohol consumption, and sun exposure were associated with up to twofold increased odds of engaging in multiple additional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study identified key subgroups of the Queensland population with increased odds of engaging in multiple risk behaviors for cancer, particularly younger men and people with lower educational attainment. Individual behavioral risk factors can also exert a significant impact on the overall risk profile, and this may be a useful consideration for public health campaigns that target key health behaviors.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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McDermid IS, Godin SM, Barnes RA, Parsons CL, Torres A, McCormick MP, Chu WP, Wang P, Butler J, Newman P, Burris J, Ferrare R, Whiteman D, McGee TJ. Comparison of ozone profiles from ground-based lidar, electrochemical concentration cell balloon sonde, ROCOZ-A rocket ozonesonde, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment satellite measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id07p10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Marks R, Whiteman D. Sunburn and melanoma: how strong is the evidence? BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1994; 308:75-6. [PMID: 8298417 PMCID: PMC2539182 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.308.6921.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Editorial |
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Abstract
Limb anomalies are not common in the DiGeorge or CHARGE syndromes. We describe limb anomalies in two children, one with DiGeorge and the other with CHARGE syndrome. Our first patient had a bifid left thumb, Tetralogy of Fallot, absent thymus, right facial palsy, and a reduced number of T-cells. A deletion of 22q11 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The second patient, with CHARGE syndrome, had asymmetric findings that included right fifth finger clinodactyly, camptodactyly, tibial hemimelia and dimpling, and severe club-foot. The expanded spectrum of the DiGeorge and CHARGE syndromes includes limb anomalies.
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Case Reports |
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Whitley CB, Cleary M, Eugen Mengel K, Harmatz P, Shapiro E, Nestrasil I, Haslett P, Whiteman D, Alexanderian D. Observational Prospective Natural History of Patients with Sanfilippo Syndrome Type B. J Pediatr 2018; 197:198-206.e2. [PMID: 29661560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the natural course of disease progression in patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type B (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB), identify potential end points for future therapy trials, and characterize biomarkers related to the disease. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, multicenter study was conducted. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month assessments included neurodevelopmental status (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third edition), adaptive status (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition), volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid heparan sulfate, and urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) measurements. RESULTS Nineteen patients aged 1.6-31.7 years were enrolled. Over 12 months, cognition, adaptive behavior, and cortical gray matter volume (GMV) declined in most patients. For patients diagnosed at <6 years, although there was no overall mean change over 12 months, there were 10%-48%, 3%-66%, and 1%-14% decreases in cognitive development quotient score, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition development quotient score, and cortical GMV in 8/12, 9/11, and 10/11 patients, respectively. Mean urine GAG and cerebrospinal fluid heparan sulfate levels were stable, but patients diagnosed at <6 years (n = 14) had higher levels than those ≥6 years at diagnosis (n = 4), which was likely associated with age as they also were generally younger. CONCLUSIONS Cognition, adaptive behavior, and cortical GMV measures sensitively tracked deterioration in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB aged ≤8.6 years. Biomarkers may have prognostic value, but their sensitivity to disease progression requires further investigation. These findings should help evaluate enzyme replacement and gene therapy agents for this rare, devastating, neurodegenerative disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01509768.
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Clinical Trial |
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Abstract
Focusing exclusively on the substantive use of policy analysis results in a limited assessment of the role of analysis in policymaking, particularly in a congressional setting. This article develops a two-dimensional perspective on use, incorporating a substantive-strategic dimension as well as a concrete-conceptual dimension. The importance of this perspective is demonstrated through an analysis of congressional use of two projects produced by the congressional Office of Technology Assessment, one on coal slurry pipelines and the other on residential energy conservation. Results indicate both the existence of substantive use and the importance of more strategic uses.
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