Response Surface Methodology Driven Systematic Development of a Stability- indicating RP-UPLC Method for the Quantification of Aliskiren: A Renin Inhibitor

Aims: The current study envisages experimental design enabled rapid, sensitive, and stability-indicating RP-UPLC method to quantify Aliskiren in its pharmaceutical formulations. Study Design: Box-Benkhen experimental Design using Response surface methodology. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Analytical Research and Development, Brawn laboratories ltd., Gurugram, India, and Department of Pharmacy KL College Pharmacy, KL Deemed to be University, Vaddesearam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between May 2021 and September 2021. Methodology: The chromatographic partitioning was achieved on a Waters Acuity H class UPLC system, with BEH 130οA, C18 column (100 x 2.1 mm,1.7 μm) having isocratic elution containing (50:50 %v/v) of 0.2% Glacial acetic acid (GAA) : acetonitrile, at constant flow rate using PDA detection. The optimum conditions were delineated, selecting three influential factors (CMPs), i.e., mobile phase composition, flow rate, and injection volume. Systematic optimization was accomplished by 32 Box-Benkhen design using response surface methodology (RSM). Results: The selected variables are evaluated for obtained responses (CAAs), i.e., peak area, retention time (Rt), USP Plate count. The final optimized method employed, organic phase composition 0.2 % GAA (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile 50:50 (% v/v) with 0.3 mL min-1 flow rate. The injection volume was maintained as 2μL with 2 minutes run time and λmax 280 nm. Conclusion: The method was linear for 5-300 ppm, with regression co-efficient (R2) 0.9995. As per ICH guidelines, forced degradation studies were carried out to analyse the stability profile of drug. The short Rt 1.214, minute implies superior robustness, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness for routine analysis. The results exhibited that RSM approach of QbD will be competently used to optimize the RP-UPLC method with fewer experimental trials and error-free investigation.

Systematic Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Abiraterone Acetate and its Degradation Products

The present study described the development of a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of abiraterone acetate by Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Using an isocratic solvent system for the mobile phase, the chromatographic estimation of analyte was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column using mobile phase mixture containing acetonitrile and water with pH adjusted with 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid (15:85%v/v ratio), flow rate 1.0 mL.min-1 and detection at 250 nm using photodiode array detector. Systematic development of the chromatographic method was carried out by factor screening using a half-factorial design which suggested organic modifier (%), flow rate (mL.min-1) and autosampler temperature (°C) as influential variables. Further, the method was optimized by Box-Behnken design and trials performed were evaluated for the area under peak, retention time, theoretical plate count and tailing factor as the responses. Validation of the developed method showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity. Evaluation of the stability-indicating profile of the method using forced degradation studies revealed the formation of a possible degradation product under acidic and alkaline conditions, while no such degradation product peaks were observed under the oxidative environment. Overall, the study construed the successful development of HPLC assay method for pharmaceutical applications.

Applications of QbD-based Software’s in Analytical Research and Development

Background:

Quality by design-based software’s in analytical research and development normally encompasses multiple objectives. For decades, this task has been attempted through trial and error, supplemented with the previous experience, knowledge, and wisdom of analytical researchers.

Objective:

The study analyzes the current QbD-assisted software’s, such as design-experts, minitab, fusion product development, etc., and its broad implementations in an analytical research and development.

Methods:

The traditional approach may fails to meet the intended purpose by trial and error procedure during analytical research and development. However, modern scientific technology is equipped with highly advanced features associated with the software of the QbD paradigm. The impact and interactions between the critical process variables and critical method attributes such as resolution, tailing, etc. can be well understood by the screening, optimization, and robustness studies based on the principles of experimental design.

Results:

The design of experiments assimilate statistical multi-variate analysis instead of one factor at a time approach. This also provides a prominent, most reliable quality output, which is also essential for getting highly robust method as well as to obtain homogenous product development.

Conclusion:

The present review, critically discussed about the various QbD based multivariate software and their applications in drug development and analytical research.

Comparative evaluation of endodontic management of teeth with unformed apices with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) for their efficacies and time taken for formation of apical biological calcific barriers and resolution of periapical radiolucencies, if present at baseline, in teeth with unformed apices.

METHODS

Twenty nonvital permanent maxillary incisors with unformed apices, stratified according to the size of periapical radiolucencies and stage of root development, were equally allocated to MTA and Ca(OH)2 groups. In group 1 (MTA group), after 7 days of disinfection with Ca(OH)2, MTA was packed into the apical one third of the root canals and obturation with gutta percha (GP) was performed in 90% (9/10) of cases within 15 to 30 days. In group 2 (Ca(OH)2 group), obturation was performed following clinical and radiographic depiction of the apical stop.

RESULTS

The mean time taken for apical biological barrier formation was 3 +/- 2.9 months for group 1 and 7 +/- 2.5 months for group 2 (P=.008). The periapical radiolucencies were resolved in 4.6 +/- 1.5 months for group 1 and 4.4 +/- 1.3 months for group 2 (P=.83). The total treatment was completed in 0.75 +/- 0.4859 months and 7 +/- 2.5 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The 2 materials were found to be equally efficacious in the management of nonvital teeth with unformed apices. Time taken to complete the treatment and the biological barrier formation in group 1 was significantly less than that for group 2. The healing time for periapical radiolucencies was almost identical.